scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Inflammation and Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Giraudo ◽  
Laura Evangelista ◽  
Anna Sara Fraia ◽  
Amalia Lupi ◽  
Emilio Quaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
67Ga Citrate

Infectious and inflammatory pulmonary diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although infrequently used in this setting, molecular imaging may significantly contribute to their diagnosis using techniques like single photon emission tomography (SPET), positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the support of specific or unspecific radiopharmaceutical agents. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), mostly applied in oncological imaging, can also detect cells actively involved in infectious and inflammatory conditions, even if with a low specificity. SPET with nonspecific (e.g., 67Gallium-citrate (67Ga citrate)) and specific tracers (e.g., white blood cells radiolabeled with 111Indium-oxine (111In) or 99mTechnetium (99mTc)) showed interesting results for many inflammatory lung diseases. However, 67Ga citrate is unfavorable by a radioprotection point of view while radiolabeled white blood cells scan implies complex laboratory settings and labeling procedures. Radiolabeled antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin) have been recently tested, although they seem to be quite unspecific and cause antibiotic resistance. New radiolabeled agents like antimicrobic peptides, binding to bacterial cell membranes, seem very promising. Thus, the aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview about techniques, including PET/MRI, and tracers that can guide the clinicians in the appropriate diagnostic pathway of infectious and inflammatory pulmonary diseases.

scholarly journals 18F-positron-emitting/fluorescent labeled erythrocytes allow imaging of internal hemorrhage in a murine intracranial hemorrhage model

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
Fei-Fei An ◽  
Mark Chan ◽  
Beth Friedman ◽  
Erik A Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

An agent for visualizing cells by positron emission tomography is described and used to label red blood cells. The labeled red blood cells are injected systemically so that intracranial hemorrhage can be visualized by positron emission tomography (PET). Red blood cells are labeled with 0.3 µg of a positron-emitting, fluorescent multimodal imaging probe, and used to non-invasively image cryolesion induced intracranial hemorrhage in a murine model (BALB/c, 2.36 × 108 cells, 100 µCi, <4 mm hemorrhage). Intracranial hemorrhage is confirmed by histology, fluorescence, bright-field, and PET ex vivo imaging. The low required activity, minimal mass, and high resolution of this technique make this strategy an attractive alternative for imaging intracranial hemorrhage. PET is one solution to a spectrum of issues that complicate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). For this reason, this application serves as a PET alternative to [99mTc]-agents, and SPECT technology that is used in 2 million annual medical procedures. PET contrast is also superior to gadolinium and iodide contrast angiography for its lack of clinical contraindications.

scholarly journals The chemical tool-kit for molecular imaging with radionuclides in the age of targeted and immune therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Witney ◽  
Philip J. Blower
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Half Century

AbstractNuclear medicine has evolved over the last half-century from a functional imaging modality using a handful of radiopharmaceuticals, many of unknown structure and mechanism of action, into a modern speciality that can properly be described as molecular imaging, with a very large number of specific radioactive probes of known structure that image specific molecular processes. The advances of cancer treatment in recent decades towards targeted and immune therapies, combined with recognition of heterogeneity of cancer cell phenotype among patients, within patients and even within tumours, has created a growing need for personalised molecular imaging to support treatment decision. This article describes the evolution of the present vast range of radioactive probes – radiopharmaceuticals – leveraging a wide variety of chemical disciplines, over the last half century. These radiochemical innovations have been inspired by the need to support personalised medicine and also by the parallel development in development of new radionuclide imaging technologies – from gamma scintigraphy, through single photon emission tomography (SPECT), through the rise of clinical positron emission tomography (PET) and PET-CT, and perhaps in the future, by the advent of total body PET. Thus, in the interdisciplinary world of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, as quickly as radiochemistry solutions are developed to meet new needs in cancer imaging, new challenges emerge as developments in one contributing technology drive innovations in the others.

scholarly journals A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi ◽  
Saghar Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Amir Khorasani ◽  
Farshid Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Molecular imaging techniques using nanoparticles have significant potential to be widely used for the detection of various types of cancers. Nowadays, there has been an increased focus on developing novel nanoprobes as molecular imaging contrast enhancement agents in nanobiomedicine. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the use of a variety of nanoprobes and their current achievements in accurate cancer imaging and effective treatment. Nanoprobes are rapidly becoming potential tools for cancer diagnosis by using novel molecular imaging modalities such as Ultrasound (US) imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT), Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Optical Imaging. These imaging modalities may facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and staging the most of cancers.

scholarly journals Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System and Ventricular Arrhythmias: The Role of Radionuclide Molecular Imaging

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Andreas Fesas ◽  
Evanthia Giannoula ◽  
Alexis Vrachimis ◽  
Argyrios Doumas ◽  
Christian Wenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Positron Emission

Widely established compared to myocardial perfusion imaging, cardiac autonomous nervous system (CANS) assessment by radiopharmaceutical means is of potential use especially to arrhythmogenic diseases not correlated with anatomic or functional alterations revealed by classical imaging techniques. Molecular imaging of both pre- and postsynaptic functions of the autonomous nervous system is currently feasible, since single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have the ability to reveal the insights of molecular pathophysiology depicting both sympathetic and parasympathetic imbalance in discrete heart pathologies. This review provides not only a brief presentation of radiopharmaceuticals used for non-invasive CANS imaging in the case of ventricular arrhythmias, but also a current update on ventricular tachycardias, cardiomyopathies, Brugada and Long QT syndrome literature.

The role of molecular imaging in the assessment of cardiac amyloidosis: state-of-the-art

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Popescu ◽  
Irene A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Cardiac Amyloid

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive infiltrative disease for which new treatments are now available. As therapy should be started as early as possible to avoid complications such restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and heart failure, a prompt and reliable diagnosis by means of non-invasive tests would be highly warranted. Electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are all used in the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis with varying diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, but none of these modalities can effectively differentiate the cardiac amyloid subtypes. Objective: We aim to highlight the most relevant findings in the literature of molecular imaging in the assessment of patients with cardiac amyloidosis and to underline future clinical perspective. Methods: We performed multiple searches using Pub-Med databases in order to find important original articles on the role of molecular imaging in the assessment of patients affected by CA. Several search terms were used, such as “cardiac amyloidosis”; “Light-chain amyloidosis”; “Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy”; “bone scintigraphy”; “single photon emission tomography” or “SPECT”; “Positron emission tomography or PET”, “cardiac imaging”. All radiopharmaceuticals tracing cardiac amyloidosis were also included. Results: Several studies about the role of SPECT with bone-seeking tracer (47 articles) and innervation tracer (9 articles) in the work-up of CA, as well as new PET amyloid-binding (14 articles) and bone radiotracer (4 articles) have been reviewed and discussed. Conclusion: Molecular imaging represent a sensitive tool for early assessment of both amyloid burden and cardiac innervation, to differentiate between subtypes and to monitor disease burden, disease progression, and potential response to therapy.

Clinical applications of single photon emission tomography in neuromedicine

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grünwald ◽  
T. Kuwert ◽  
K. Tatsch ◽  
O. Sabri ◽  
O. Benkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dementing Disorders ◽  
Photon Emission Tomography

SummaryThis article gives in his second part a critical review of the clinical applications of SPECT with perfusion markers and receptor ligands in dementing disorders and psychosis. In addition this review discusses clinical applications of SPECT investigations with perfusion markers in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and in brain trauma.

scholarly journals PET and SPECT Imaging of the EGFR Family (RTK Class I) in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3663
Author(s):  
Sara S. Rinne ◽  
Anna Orlova ◽  
Vladimir Tolmachev
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Class I ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Egfr Family

The human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR-family, other designations: HER family, RTK Class I) is strongly linked to oncogenic transformation. Its members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. To ensure effective patient care, potential responders to HER-targeted therapy need to be identified. Radionuclide molecular imaging can be a key asset for the detection of overexpression of EGFR-family members. It meets the need for repeatable whole-body assessment of the molecular disease profile, solving problems of heterogeneity and expression alterations over time. Tracer development is a multifactorial process. The optimal tracer design depends on the application and the particular challenges of the molecular target (target expression in tumors, endogenous expression in healthy tissue, accessibility). We have herein summarized the recent preclinical and clinical data on agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging of EGFR-family receptors in oncology. Antibody-based tracers are still extensively investigated. However, their dominance starts to be challenged by a number of tracers based on different classes of targeting proteins. Among these, engineered scaffold proteins (ESP) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) show highly encouraging results in clinical studies marking a noticeable trend towards the use of smaller sized agents for HER imaging.

Stroop interference task and single-photon emission tomography in anorexia: A preliminary report

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Maria Ferro ◽  
Andrea Brugnolo ◽  
Caterina De Leo ◽  
Barbara Dessi ◽  
Nicola Girtler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Single Photon Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Photon Emission Tomography
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