scholarly journals Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System and Ventricular Arrhythmias: The Role of Radionuclide Molecular Imaging

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Andreas Fesas ◽  
Evanthia Giannoula ◽  
Alexis Vrachimis ◽  
Argyrios Doumas ◽  
Christian Wenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Positron Emission

Widely established compared to myocardial perfusion imaging, cardiac autonomous nervous system (CANS) assessment by radiopharmaceutical means is of potential use especially to arrhythmogenic diseases not correlated with anatomic or functional alterations revealed by classical imaging techniques. Molecular imaging of both pre- and postsynaptic functions of the autonomous nervous system is currently feasible, since single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have the ability to reveal the insights of molecular pathophysiology depicting both sympathetic and parasympathetic imbalance in discrete heart pathologies. This review provides not only a brief presentation of radiopharmaceuticals used for non-invasive CANS imaging in the case of ventricular arrhythmias, but also a current update on ventricular tachycardias, cardiomyopathies, Brugada and Long QT syndrome literature.

scholarly journals A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi ◽  
Saghar Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Amir Khorasani ◽  
Farshid Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Molecular imaging techniques using nanoparticles have significant potential to be widely used for the detection of various types of cancers. Nowadays, there has been an increased focus on developing novel nanoprobes as molecular imaging contrast enhancement agents in nanobiomedicine. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the use of a variety of nanoprobes and their current achievements in accurate cancer imaging and effective treatment. Nanoprobes are rapidly becoming potential tools for cancer diagnosis by using novel molecular imaging modalities such as Ultrasound (US) imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT), Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Optical Imaging. These imaging modalities may facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and staging the most of cancers.

Radioligands for imaging myocardial α- and β-adrenoceptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schäfers ◽  
M. P. Law ◽  
T. Wichter ◽  
O. Schober ◽  
B. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cardiac Adrenoceptors

SummaryAlpha- and beta-adrenoceptors play an important role in the control of heart function. According to their molecular, biological, and pharmacological characteristics, they are subdivided into α1-, α2- and β1-, β2-, β3-, β4-adrenoceptors. In cardiac disease, there is often a selective downregulation of β1-adrenoceptors associated with a relative increase in β2- and α1-adrenoceptors. Functional imaging techniques like single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide the unique capability for non-invasive assessment of cardiac adrenoceptors. Radioligands with high specific binding to cardiac α- and β-adrenoceptors suitable for radiolabelling are required for clinical studies. The non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist [11C]CGP-12177 was used to quantify β-adrenoceptor density using PET in patients with heart disease. New non-selective ligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-12388, [18F]CGP-12388, [11C]carazolol and [18F]fluorocarazolol) are currently evaluated; β1-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]CGP-26505, [11C]bisoprolol, [11C]HX-CH 44) and β2-selective radioligands (e. g. [11C]formoterol, [11C]ICI-118551) were assessed in animals. None of them turned out as suitable for cardiac PET.Potential radioligands for imaging cardiac α1-adrenoceptors are based on prazosin. Whereas [11C]prazosin shows low specific binding to myocardium, its derivative [11C]GB67 looks more promising. The putative α2-adrenoceptor radioligand [11C]MK-912 shows high uptake in rodent myocardium but has not yet been evaluated in man.A number of radioligands were evaluated for assessing cardiac adrenoceptors using PET. New radioligands are needed to provide more insight into cardiac pathophysiology which may influence the therapeutic management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Core of Medical Imaging: State of the Art and Perspectives on the Detectors

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Santarelli ◽  
Giulio Giovannetti ◽  
Valentina Hartwig ◽  
Simona Celi ◽  
Vincenzo Positano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

In this review, the roles of detectors in various medical imaging techniques were described. Ultrasound, optical (near-infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography) and thermal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography were the imaging modalities considered. For each methodology, the state of the art of detectors mainly used in the systems was described, emphasizing new technologies applied.

Functional Neuroimaging in Neurology and Psychiatry

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Sadek ◽  
Thomas A. Hammeke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Positron Emission

ABSTRACTHow can functional neuroimaging be applied to clinical neurology and psychiatry? This article reviews selected contributions of functional neuroimaging to the clinical neurosciences. We review selected technical aspects of positron emission tomography, single photon emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging with a focus on the relative strengths and weaknesses of these techniques. Consumers of functional neuroimaging research are encouraged to consider the limitations of imaging techniques and theoretical pitfalls of cognitive task design when interpreting results of functional imaging studies. Then, we selectively review the contributions of functional neuroimaging to neurology and psychiatry, including the areas of epilepsy, stroke, chronic pain, schizophrenia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future directions of functional neuroimaging research are offered, with the emphasis that the best conclusions are informed by a convergence of research from functional neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and lesion studies.

A Review of the Postconcussion Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman V. Szymanski ◽  
Richard Linn
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Postconcussion Syndrome ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes

Objective: This review will focus on aspects of the postconcussion syndrome (PCS), including accompanying symptomatology, neuropsychological changes, brain imaging studies and treatment. Method: In each topic area, those research studies resulting in the most interpretable data are reported. Since there is little research in some aspects of the PCS, some studies of limited merit are described, with their limitations outlined, in lieu of not reporting any study. The section on psychopharmacology largely consists of opinions of recognized clinicians, since there is almost no research on the psychopharmacology of PCS. Results: Mild traumatic brain injury is a relatively frequent occurrence which often results in the postconcussion syndrome (PCS), consisting of complaints of irritability, fatigue, headache, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, and memory problems. Anxiety and depression are also frequently present, especially later in its course. Although the PCS has often been thought to reflect a psychological response to injury, there is considerable recent evidence to suggest that it is primarily a physiologic disturbance. For most individuals, treatment consists primarily of education of the patient and his/her family, along with supportive counseling regarding emerging problems at work or at home. A subgroup of patients, however, may require psychopharmacologic intervention. Conclusion: More research is needed in all aspects of PCS, especially its neurophysiology and pharmacologic treatment. Relationships between neurophysiological changes and behavioral and neuropsychological changes are unknown. New imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission tomography, and positron emission tomography will likely play an important role in understanding the physiology of this disorder.

Recent Advances in Targeting Nuclear Molecular Imaging Driven by Tetrazine Bioorthogonal Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (23) ◽  
pp. 3924-3943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Dong ◽  
Xueyi Wang ◽  
Junwei Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhang ◽  
Yiwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Bioorthogonal Chemistry ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

Molecular imaging techniques apply sophisticated technologies to monitor, directly or indirectly, the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular or cellular processes for biomedical, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes. For example, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, the most representative modalities of molecular imaging, enable earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. New possibilities for noninvasive molecular imaging in vivo have emerged with advances in bioorthogonal chemistry. For example, tetrazine-related Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions can rapidly generate short-lived radioisotope probes in vivo that provide strong contrast for SPECT and PET. Here, we review pretargeting strategies for molecular imaging and novel radiotracers synthesized via tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry. We systematically describe advances in direct radiolabeling and pretargeting approaches in SPECT and PET using metal and nonmetal radioisotopes based on tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions, and we discuss prospects for the future of such contrast agents.

scholarly journals Toward Molecular Imaging of Intestinal Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Le Fur ◽  
Iris Y Zhou ◽  
Onofrio Catalano ◽  
Peter Caravan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major complication. The etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is thought to arise from a dysregulated and excessive immune response to gut luminal microbes triggered by genetic and environmental factors. To date, IBD has no cure, and treatments are currently directed at relieving symptoms and treating inflammation. The current diagnostic of IBD relies on endoscopy, which is invasive and does not provide information on the presence of extraluminal complications and molecular aspect of the disease. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and hybrid modalities have demonstrated high accuracy for the diagnosis of IBD and can provide both functional and morphological information when combined with the use of molecular imaging probes. This review presents the state-of-the-art imaging techniques and molecular imaging approaches in the field of IBD and points out future directions that could help improve our understanding of IBD pathological processes, along with the development of efficient treatments.

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