scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols Targeting Senescence: A Novel Prevention and Therapy Strategy for Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bian ◽  
Juntong Wei ◽  
Changsheng Zhao ◽  
Guorong Li
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases endangering human health. In view of the side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it is necessary to develop low-toxic anti-cancer compounds. Polyphenols are natural compounds with anti-cancer properties and their application is a considerable choice. Pro-senescence therapy is a recently proposed anti-cancer strategy and has been shown to effectively inhibit cancer. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms of polyphenols on tumor suppression by inducing senescence. In this review, we delineated the characteristics of senescent cells, and summarized the mechanisms of polyphenols targeting tumor microenvironment and inducing cancer cell senescence for cancer prevention and therapy. Although many studies have shown that polyphenols effectively inhibit cancer by targeting senescence, it warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Toxic Animal-Based Medicinal Materials Can Be Effective in Treating Endometriosis: A Scoping Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Su-In Hwang ◽  
Young-Jin Yoon ◽  
Soo-Hyun Sung ◽  
Ki-Tae Ha ◽  
Jang-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Animal toxins and venoms have recently been developed as cancer treatments possessing tumor cell growth-inhibitory, antiangiogenesis, and proapoptotic effects. Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-age women, and no definite treatment for this disorder is without severe side effects. As endometriosis and malignant tumors share similar characteristics (progressive, invasive, estrogen-dependent growth, and recurrence), animal toxins and venoms are thought to be effective against endometriosis. The objective of this study was to outline studies using toxic animal-based medicinal materials (TMM) as endometriosis treatment and to explore its clinical applicability. Preclinical and clinical studies using TMM were searched for in four databases from inception to October 2020. A total of 20 studies of TMM on endometriosis were included. In eight clinical studies, herbal medicines containing TMM were effective in relieving symptoms of endometriosis, with no side effects. In twelve experimental studies, the main therapeutic mechanisms of TMM against endometriosis were proapoptotic, antiangiogenesis, estrogen level-reducing, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. TMM are thus considered promising sources for the development of an effective treatment method for endometriosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of TMM against endometriosis and to provide sufficient grounds for clinical application.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Prevention by Aspirin—A Literature Review and Perspective on the Role of COX-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9018
Author(s):  
Ranjini Sankaranarayanan ◽  
D. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Meric A. Altinoz ◽  
G. Jayarama Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Shed Light

Aspirin, synthesized and marketed in 1897 by Bayer, is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. It has a well-recognized role in decreasing inflammation, pain and fever, and in the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Its anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective actions have been well studied and occur through inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX). Interestingly, a vast amount of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed aspirin as a promising chemopreventive agent, particularly against colorectal cancers (CRC); however, the primary mechanism by which it decreases the occurrences of CRC has still not been established. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for aspirin’s chemopreventive properties among which the inhibition of COX enzymes has been widely discussed. Despite the wide attention COX-inhibition has received as the most probable mechanism of cancer prevention by aspirin, it is clear that aspirin targets many other proteins and pathways, suggesting that these extra-COX targets may also be equally important in preventing CRC. In this review, we discuss the COX-dependent and -independent pathways described in literature for aspirin’s anti-cancer effects and highlight the strengths and limitations of the proposed mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasize the potential role of the metabolites of aspirin and salicylic acid (generated in the gut through microbial biotransformation) in contributing to aspirin’s chemopreventive actions. We suggest that the preferential chemopreventive effect of aspirin against CRC may be related to direct exposure of aspirin/salicylic acid or its metabolites to the colorectal tissues. Future investigations should shed light on the role of aspirin, its metabolites and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer prevention against CRC.

scholarly journals Phytoestrogens for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Margalida Torrens-Mas ◽  
Pilar Roca
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Phytoestrogens are a large group of natural compounds found in more than 300 plants. They have a close structural similarity to estrogens, which allow them to bind to both estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, presenting a weak estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens have been described as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-allergic, and anti-tumoral agents. Their role in cancer prevention has been well documented, although their impact on treatment efficiency is controversial. Several reports suggest that phytoestrogens may interfere with the effect of anti-cancer drugs through the regulation of oxidative stress and other mechanisms. Furthermore, some phytoestrogens could exert a protective effect on healthy cells, thus reducing the secondary effects of cancer treatment. In this review, we have studied the recent research in this area to find evidence for the role of phytoestrogens in cancer prevention and therapy efficacy.

scholarly journals The New Direction of Senolytic Drug Research Should Be on Cancer Prevention, Adjuvant Therapies in Cancer and Healthy Senescence in Cancer Survivors (Senolytics and Cancer)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Tanriverdi ◽  
Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract In cases where cellular senescence does not function properly, the use of drugs called senolytics in the prevention of chronic aging-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has become a very interesting topic. There are studies showing that senolytic drugs can be used for the purpose of preventing cancer, preventing recurrence in individuals diagnosed with cancer, and delaying multimorbidity situations that may develop as long-term side effects of anti-cancer treatments. This article has been prepared with the aim of reminding general information about senolytic drugs and cellular senescence due to the fact that there are many controversial researches in the field of oncology in the future

scholarly journals The Role of Brassica Bioactives on Human Health: Are We Studying It the Right Way?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Quirante-Moya ◽  
Paula García-Ibañez ◽  
Francisco Quirante-Moya ◽  
Débora Villaño ◽  
Diego A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
The Right ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Time Of Intervention ◽  
Improve Health

Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Different preclinical and clinical studies have been performed in the last decade; however, some concerns have been posed on the lack of established and standardized protocols. The different concentration of bioactive compounds used, time of intervention or sample size, and the lack of blinding are some factors that may influence the studies’ outcomes. This review aims to analyze the critical points of the studies performed with Brassica-related biomolecules and propose some bases for future trials in order to avoid biases.

Another look at dietary polyphenols: challenges in cancer prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Arrigoni ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Stefania Cantore ◽  
Angelo Inchingolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Metabolic Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

: Cancer is a pathology that impacts in a profound manner people all over the world. The election strategy against cancer often uses chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which more often than not can present many side effects and not always reliable efficacy. By contrast, it is widely known that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables has a protective effect against cancer insurgence and development. Polyphenols are generally believed to be responsible for those beneficial actions, at least partially. In this review, we highlight the metabolic interaction between polyphenols and our metabolism and discuss their potential for anticancer prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals A review on nutraceuticals: A healthy way to treat brain cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
Samiksha Marotrao Nikam ◽  
Yash Rajkumar Menghani ◽  
Millind Janraoji Umekar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Health And Disease

A Balanced body is important for good health and for balancing the state of body, healthy food is necessary. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells which upon time worsen and turns into tumor and as it is a leading cause of death worldwide, it is so important to research and find alternative treatments for the management of cancer. Nutraceuticals are known as alternative approach for the control of cancer. Nutraceuticals has many health benefits, and now known as the future of treatment for various health diseases. It has shown to elicit anti-aging, anti-cancer and other health enhancing effects. Nutraceuticals also have significant promise in the promotion of human health and disease prevention. Since, the present cancer treatment has various side effects, the benefits of these nutraceuticals may result in approaches to improve human health in a alternate way. In this review, we highlighted the etiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis of brain cancer along with treatment by using nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. S199-S223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Casey ◽  
Amedeo Amedei ◽  
Katia Aquilano ◽  
Asfar S. Azmi ◽  
Fabian Benencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

New Trends On Biological Activities And Clinical Studies Of Quinolinic Analogues: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elizabeth Barbosa da Silva ◽  
José Arion da Silva Moura ◽  
Tiago Rafael de Sousa Nunes ◽  
Ivan da Rocha Pitta ◽  
Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, has a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structure composition of several candidates of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies, thus, it is necessary the grouping of these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities were selected for this review, such as: antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic and antiviral. All publications of scientific articles chosen are dated between 2000 and 2020. In addition to presenting the structures of some natural and synthetic compounds with their activities, we list the clinical studies of phases III and IV of antimalarial drugs containing the quinoline nucleus and phase III clinical studies of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to assess their possible role in COVID-19. Finally, we show some of the mechanisms of action, as well as the side effects of some of the quinolinic derivatives.

scholarly journals Modulation of the tumor microenvironment by natural agents: implications for cancer prevention and therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb Zubair ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Khan ◽  
Shashi Anand ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Seema Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Prevention And Therapy
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