scholarly journals Strategies to Obtain Designer Polymers Based on Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. Pereira ◽  
Aureliana Sousa ◽  
Marina Santos ◽  
Marco Araújo ◽  
Filipa Serôdio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Central Metabolism ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Biopolymers derived from polysaccharides are a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic counterparts available in the market. Due to their distinctive properties, the cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), mainly composed of heteropolysaccharides, emerge as a valid alternative to address several biotechnological and biomedical challenges. Nevertheless, biotechnological/biomedical applications based on cyanobacterial EPS have only recently started to emerge. For the successful exploitation of cyanobacterial EPS, it is important to strategically design the polymers, either by genetic engineering of the producing strains or by chemical modification of the polymers. This requires a better understanding of the EPS biosynthetic pathways and their relationship with central metabolism, as well as to exploit the available polymer functionalization chemistries. Considering all this, we provide an overview of the characteristics and biological activities of cyanobacterial EPS, discuss the challenges and opportunities to improve the amount and/or characteristics of the polymers, and report the most relevant advances on the use of cyanobacterial EPS as scaffolds, coatings, and vehicles for drug delivery.

Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 666-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket ◽  
Jittima Amie Luckanagul ◽  
Pornchai Rojsitthisak ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Bio Imaging

Chemistry enables scientists to use enveloped viruses in several biomedical applications including bio-imaging, drug delivery and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Mahadevamurthy Murali ◽  
Nataraj Kalegowda ◽  
Hittanahallikoppal G. Gowtham ◽  
Mohammad Azam Ansari ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Candidate

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn2+) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles’ research and applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Virus-Incorporated Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iruthayapandi Selestin Raja ◽  
Chuntae Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Song ◽  
Yong Cheol Shin ◽  
Moon Sung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Phage Display ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Peptide Expression

Owing to the astonishing properties of non-harmful viruses, tissue regeneration using virus-based biomimetic materials has been an emerging trend recently. The selective peptide expression and enrichment of the desired peptide on the surface, monodispersion, self-assembly, and ease of genetic and chemical modification properties have allowed viruses to take a long stride in biomedical applications. Researchers have published many reviews so far describing unusual properties of virus-based nanoparticles, phage display, modification, and possible biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioimaging, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery, however the integration of the virus into different biomaterials for the application of tissue regeneration is not yet discussed in detail. This review will focus on various morphologies of virus-incorporated biomimetic nanocomposites in tissue regeneration and highlight the progress, challenges, and future directions in this area.

NANO AND MICRO-STRUCTURES OF ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Nano LIFE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1343002 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL A. TURNER ◽  
GAURAV V. JOSHI ◽  
C. ANDREW WEEKS ◽  
R. SCOTT WILLIAMSON ◽  
AARON D. PUCKETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Micro Structures

Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) containing materials have spurred significant research interest for biomedical applications exploiting their biocompatible, biodegradable and nonimmunogenic nature while maintaining precise control over their chemical structure and functionality through genetic engineering. Physical, mechanical and biological properties of ELPs could be further manipulated using genetic engineering or through conjugation with a variety of chemical moieties. These chemical and physical modifications also achieve interesting micro- and nanostructured ELP-based materials. Here, we review the recent developments during the past decade in the methods to engineer elastin-like materials, available genetic and chemical modification methods and applications of ELP micro and nanostructures in tissue engineering and drug delivery.

scholarly journals Boesenbergia rotunda: From Ethnomedicine to Drug Discovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Eng-Chong ◽  
Lee Yean-Kee ◽  
Chee Chin-Fei ◽  
Heh Choon-Han ◽  
Wong Sher-Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Boesenbergia Rotunda

Boesenbergia rotundais a herb from theBoesenbergiagenera under the Zingiberaceae family.B. rotundais widely found in Asian countries where it is commonly used as a food ingredient and in ethnomedicinal preparations. The popularity of its ethnomedicinal usage has drawn the attention of scientists worldwide to further investigate its medicinal properties. Advancement in drug design and discovery research has led to the development of synthetic drugs fromB. rotundametabolites via bioinformatics and medicinal chemistry studies. Furthermore, with the advent of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, new insights on the biosynthetic pathways ofB. rotundametabolites can be elucidated, enabling researchers to predict the potential bioactive compounds responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant. The vast biological activities exhibited by the compounds obtained fromB. rotundawarrant further investigation through studies such as drug discovery, polypharmacology, and drug delivery using nanotechnology.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Biomedical Applications of Natural Polymers for Drug Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Chifiriuc ◽  
Alexandru Grumezescu ◽  
Valentina Grumezescu ◽  
Eugenia Bezirtzoglou ◽  
Veronica Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Natural Polymers

Rediscovering Tocophersolan: a renaissance for nano-based drug delivery and nanotheranostic applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Pius Wande ◽  
Qin Cui ◽  
Shijie Chen ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Hui Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Permeation Enhancer ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Anticancer Compound

: As a unique and pleiotropic polymer, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Tocophersolan) is a polymeric synthetic version of vitamin E. Tocophersolan has attracted enormous attention as a versatile excipient in different biomedical applications including drug delivery systems and nutraceuticals. The multiple inherent properties of Tocophersolan make it play flexible roles in drug delivery system design, including excipients with outstanding biocompatibility, solubilizer with the ability of promoting drug dissolution, drug permeation enhancer, P-glycoprotein inhibitor and anticancer compound. For these reasons, Tocophersolan has been widely used for improving the bioavailability of numerous pharmaceutical active ingredients. Tocophersolan has been approved by stringent regulatory authorities (such as US FDA, EMA, and PMDA) as a safe pharmaceutical excipient. In this review, we systematically curated current advances in nano-based delivery systems consisting of Tocophersolan with possibilities for futuristic applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and nanotheranostic.

An Overview on Steroids and Microwave Energy in Multi-Component Reactions towards the Synthesis of Novel Hybrid Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 594-609
Author(s):  
Preetismita Borah ◽  
Vhatkar Dattatraya Shivling ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik ◽  
Biswa Mohan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
Time Required

In recent years, hybrid systems are gaining considerable attention owing to their various biological applications in drug development. Generally, hybrid molecules are constructed from different molecular entities to generate a new functional molecule with improved biological activities. There already exist a large number of naturally occurring hybrid molecules based on both non-steroid and steroid frameworks synthesized by nature through mixed biosynthetic pathways such as, a) integration of the different biosynthetic pathways or b) Carbon- Carbon bond formation between different components derived through different biosynthetic pathways. Multicomponent reactions are a great way to generate efficient libraries of hybrid compounds with high diversity. Throughout the scientific history, the most common factors developing technologies are less energy consumption and avoiding the use of hazardous reagents. In this case, microwave energy plays a vital role in chemical transformations since it involves two very essential criteria of synthesis, minimizing energy consumption required for heating and time required for the reaction. This review summarizes the use of microwave energy in the synthesis of steroidal and non-steroidal hybrid molecules and the use of multicomponent reactions.

Development and Evaluation of Sustained Release Lipid Nanocarriers for Curcumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Harshal A. Pawar ◽  
Bhagyashree D. Bhangale
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Lipid based excipients have increased acceptance nowadays in the development of novel drug delivery systems in order to improve their pharmacokinetic profiles. Drugs encapsulated in lipids have enhanced stability due to the protection they experience in the lipid core of these nano-formulations. Phytosomes are newly discovered drug delivery systems and novel botanical formulation to produce lipophilic molecular complex which imparts stability, increases absorption and bioavailability of phytoconstituent. Curcumin, obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has a wide range of biological activities. The poor solubility and wettability of curcumin are responsible for poor dissolution and this, in turn, results in poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, the curcumin-loaded nano phytosomes were developed to improve its physicochemical stability and bioavailability. Objective: The objective of the present research work was to develop nano-phytosomes of curcumin to improve its physicochemical stability and bioavailability. Methods: Curcumin-loaded nano phytosomes were prepared by using phospholipid Phospholipon 90 H using a modified solvent evaporation method. The developed curcumin nano phytosomes were evaluated by particle size analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: Results indicated that phytosomes prepared using curcumin and lipid in the ratio of 1:2 show good entrapment efficiency. The obtained curcumin phytosomes were spherical in shape with a size less than 100 nm. The prepared nano phytosomal formulation of curcumin showed promising potential as an antioxidant. Conclusion: The phytosomal complex showed sustained release of curcumin from vesicles. The sustained release of curcumin from phytosome may improve its absorption and lowers the elimination rate with an increase in bioavailability.

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