scholarly journals Expression Analysis of mRNA Decay of Maternal Genes during Bombyx mori Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Meirong Zhang ◽  
Pingzhen Xu ◽  
Huilin Pang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Guozheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Maternal To Zygotic Transition ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Maternal Gene

Maternal genes play an important role in the early embryonic development of the silkworm. Early embryonic development without new transcription depends on maternal components stored in the egg during oocyte maturation. The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a tightly regulated process that includes maternal mRNAs elimination and zygotic transcription initiation. This process has been extensively studied within model species. Each model organism has a unique pattern of maternal transcriptional clearance classes in MZT. In this study, we identified 66 maternal genes through bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis in the eggs of silkworm virgin moths (Bombyx mori). All 66 maternal genes were expressed in vitellogenesis in day eight female pupae. During MZT, the degradation of maternal gene mRNAs could be divided into three clusters. We found that eight maternal genes of cluster 1 remained stable from 0 to 3.0 h, 17 maternal genes of cluster 2 were significantly decayed from 0.5 to 1.0 h and 41 maternal genes of cluster 3 were significantly decayed after 1.5 h. Therefore, the initial time-point of degradation of cluster 2 was earlier than that of cluster 3. The maternal gene mRNAs decay of clusters 2 and 3 is first initiated by maternal degradation activity. Our study expands upon the identification of silkworm maternal genes and provides a perspective for further research of the embryo development in Bombyx mori.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Is Correlated with Gene Expression during Diapause Termination of Early Embryonic Development in the Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Pei Hu ◽  
Lin-Bao Zhu ◽  
Ling-Ling You ◽  
Hui-Hua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Dna Modification ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Short Interspersed Elements ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

DNA modification is a naturally occurring DNA modification in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and is involved in several biological processes. Although genome-wide methylation has been studied in many insects, the understanding of global and genomic DNA methylation during insect early embryonic development, is lacking especially for insect diapause. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between DNA methylomes and transcriptomes in diapause-destined eggs compared to diapause-terminated eggs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (B. mori). The results revealed that methylation was sparse in this species, as previously reported. Moreover, methylation levels in diapause-terminated eggs (HCl-treated) were 0.05% higher than in non-treated eggs, mainly due to the contribution of CG methylation sites. Methylation tends to occur in the coding sequences and promoter regions, especially at transcription initiation sites and short interspersed elements. Additionally, 364 methylome- and transcriptome-associated genes were identified, which showed significant differences in methylation and expression levels in diapause-destined eggs when compared with diapause-terminated eggs, and 74% of methylome and transcriptome associated genes showed both hypermethylation and elevated expression. Most importantly, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that methylation may be positively associated with Bombyx mori embryonic development, by regulating cell differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis pathways and phosphorylation. Through analyzing the G2/M phase-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (G2E3), we speculate that methylation may affect embryo diapause by regulating the cell cycle in Bombyx mori. These findings will help unravel potential linkages between DNA methylation and gene expression during early insect embryonic development and insect diapause.

Twenty-hydroxyecdysone produced by dephosphorylation and ecdysteroidogenesis regulates early embryonic development in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 103491
Author(s):  
Daiki Fujinaga ◽  
Junjie Gu ◽  
Hajime Kawahara ◽  
Mari H. Ogihara ◽  
Ikumi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Early Embryonic Development

scholarly journals Maternal UHRF1 Is Essential for Transcription Landscapes and Repression of Repetitive Elements During the Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wu ◽  
Juan Dong ◽  
Shenglei Feng ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Peng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Maternal To Zygotic Transition ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Maternal factors that modulate maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) are essential for the growth from specialized oocytes to totipotent embryos. Despite several studies, the mechanisms regulating epigenetic reprogramming during MZT remain largely elusive. UHRF1 plays a role in maintaining GC methylation in oocytes and early embryos. However, little is known about its role in mouse MZT. Here, we explored the function of maternal UHRF1 in zygotic genome regulation during early embryonic development in mice. We showed that the conditional knockout (cKO) of UHRF1 in either primordial or growing oocytes causes infertility but differentially affects early embryonic development. UHRF1 deficiency in primordial oocytes led to early embryonic developmental arrest at the two-cell stage, accompanied by significant alterations in global DNA and H3K4me3 methylation patterns. In comparison, UHRF1 ablation in growing oocytes significantly reduced developmental competence from two-cell embryos to blastocysts. At the transcriptional level, the absence of maternal UHRF1 led to aberrant transcriptional regulation of the zygotic genome during MZT at the two-cell stage. Furthermore, we observed that retrotransposable elements in UHRF1-deficient oocytes and embryos were not silenced properly; in particular, the LINE-1 and long terminal repeat (LTR) subfamily were activated abnormally. Collectively, the findings of our study reveal that maternal UHRF1 plays a critical role in establishing the correct epigenetic chromatin reprogramming of early embryos, regulating essential genes during MZT, and preserving genome integrity that drives early embryonic development in mice.

Gene Expression Profiling in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, During Early Embryonic Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Mee Hong ◽  
Si-Kab Nho ◽  
Nam-Soon Kim ◽  
Jin-Sung Lee ◽  
Seok-Woo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

scholarly journals The early embryonic development of the satellite organism Pristionchus pacificus: differences and similarities with Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetan Borgonie ◽  
Wim Bert ◽  
Wouter Houthoofd ◽  
Sandra Vangestel
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Pristionchus Pacificus ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractAs a comparative counterpart for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the nematode Pristionchus pacificus was established as a satellite organism to study developmental processes. However, these studies mainly focused on post-embryonic development and little is known about the early embryonic development. Using 4D microscopy we reconstructed the early embryonic cell lineage of 12 individuals of P. pacificus. By analysing several parameters of early development, including the division sequence, the spatial arrangement of blastomeres, the cell cycle patterns of the AB lineage and cell-cell contacts in different cell stages of the embryo, it was shown that the early embryonic development is nearly identical to C. elegans. Known cell-cell contacts necessary for induction of blastomere fates in C. elegans are also present in P. pacificus. Thus, the spatio-temporal conditions that would allow possible homologous inductions are present. However, at least one model for blastomere specification seems not to apply to P. pacificus since the third division in the AB lineage differs from that of C. elegans. Furthermore, naturally occurring variability of early development was demonstrated, which is clearly permitted since there seems to be no influence on further development into an adult worm.

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