scholarly journals OsATG8c-Mediated Increased Autophagy Regulates the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Zhen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jinlei Yu ◽  
Fan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Autophagy Gene ◽  
N Remobilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Starvation ◽  
Cellular Components

Autophagy, a conserved pathway in eukaryotes, degrades and recycles cellular components, thus playing an important role in nitrogen (N) remobilization. N plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, which also affects plant yield and quality. In this research, it was found that the transcriptional level of a core autophagy gene of rice (Oryza sativa), OsATG8c, was increased during N starvation conditions. It was found that the overexpression of OsATG8c significantly enhanced the activity of autophagy and that the number of autophagosomes, dwarfed the plant height and increased the effective tillers’ number and yield. The nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) significantly increased in the transgenic rice under both optimal and suboptimal N conditions. Based on our results, OsATG8c is considered to be a good candidate gene for increasing NUE, especially under suboptimal field conditions.

Physiological and molecular interventions for improving nitrogen-use efficiency in maize.

2021 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Ishwar Singh ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Prabha Singh ◽  
Pranjal Yadava ◽  
Sujay Rakshit
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Root Nitrogen

Abstract This chapter discusses (i) the importance of nitrogen in plant growth and development, (ii) what is nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and how to manage it, (iii) traits influencing nitrogen-uptake efficiency including root system architecture, root nitrogen transporter system, and interaction with microorganisms, (iv) traits influencing nitrogen-utilization efficiency, such as nitrate assimilation, canopy photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen, (v) identification and use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to NUE, (vi) identification of nitrogen-responsive genes, and (vii) nitrogen signalling and transduction for improving NUE. Intensive research on molecular and genetic aspects of NUE has led to the identification of many new genes, QTLs and alleles that could be deployed to develop new genotypes. The future direction of the research efforts should be towards understanding the interaction of NUE-related genes with cellular small RNA flux and perturbing the system performance through metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques.

scholarly journals Relationship of Nitrogen Use Efficiency with the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation of Finger Millet Genotypes Grown under Different Nitrogen Inputs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Atul K. Gupta ◽  
Vikram S. Gaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Nitrogen responsiveness of three-finger millet genotypes (differing in their seed coat colour) PRM-1 (brown), PRM-701 (golden), and PRM-801 (white) grown under different nitrogen doses was determined by analyzing the growth, yield parameters and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase; GOGAT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) at different developmental stages. High nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed in PRM-1 genotype, whereas high nitrogen uptake efficiency was observed in PRM-801 genotype. At grain filling nitrogen uptake efficiency in PRM-1 negatively correlated with NR, GS, GOGAT activities whereas it was positively correlated in PRM-701 and PRM-801, however, GDH showed a negative correlation. Growth and yield parameters indicated that PRM-1 responds well at high nitrogen conditions while PRM-701 and PRM-801 respond well at normal and low nitrogen conditions respectively. The study indicates that PRM-1 is high nitrogen responsive and has high nitrogen use efficiency, whereas golden PRM-701 and white PRM-801 are low nitrogen responsive genotypes and have low nitrogen use efficiency. However, the crude grain protein content was higher in PRM-801 genotype followed by PRM-701 and PRM-1, indicating negative correlation of nitrogen use efficiency with source to sink relationship in terms of seed protein content.

Optimising Fertilisation Strategy for Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Simon Duncan ◽  
Dave Chadwick ◽  
David Jone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Sufficient nitrogen fertilisation is essential for obtaining the crop yields required to feed the growing population. Moreover, nitrogen applied to fields is often lost to a number of processes including denitrification, surface run-off and leaching. These processes can damage the local ecology and contaminate water supplies. Additionally, nitrogen lost as ammonia gas and the large energy input required to synthesize ammonia are both large contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing fertilisation strategies to optimise the proportion of nitrogen taken up by crops (nitrogen use efficiency) can reduce the production of ammonia and the pollution of water supplies.</p><p>We developed a mathematical model that describes the movement of water and multiple nitrogen species in soil at the field scale over a growing season. The model was then used to assess the nitrogen use efficiency of varying fertilisation strategies. We consider the effects of a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes including: root growth, root uptake, the transformation of nitrogen between different nitrogen species, and the effect of soil water movement on nitrogen transport. The resulting model is comprised of a coupled system of partial and ordinary differential equations that describe the mathematical interplay between nitrogen transport, water movement, and root uptake, which were solved numerically using a finite element approach. Numerical experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen uptake efficiency was affected by different fertilisation strategies. We examine numerous cases by varying the quantity of fertiliser applied to the soil and the fertiliser application times.</p><p>The numerical experiments suggest that, under uniform rainfall rates, the optimal fertilisation times (within the bounds of typical times found in agriculture) can result in 25% more nitrogen uptake than the worst strategies. However, there were large time periods, 28 days for the first application and 10 days for the second, which resulted in close-to-optimal nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study, in addition to crop health and past and predicted rainfall, could be taken into consideration by farmers while choosing fertilisation times to optimise nitrogen uptake efficiency.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological Physiological and Transcriptional Response to Low Nitrogen Stress in Populus Deltoides Marsh. Clones With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Qinjun Huang ◽  
Weixi Zhang ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Starvation

Abstract Background: Nitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Results: In this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in A, but not in C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2,062 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in A and 1,118 in C, most of which were up-regulated. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction played an important role in the low N response in A. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membrane, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses might be critical for poplar’s adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation, among them Podel.19G001200, Podel.19G035300, Podel.02G021400, and Podel.04G076900 were related to programmed cell death, and the defense response, and PodelWRKY41, PodelWRKY75, PodelWRKY18, PodelBHLH25, PodelBHLH30, PodelBHLH, and PodelHY5 were involved in plant signal transduction.Conclusions: Under the condition of N starvation, A showed stronger adaptability and a better NUE than C in morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and TFs provided a new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of N efficient utilization and the improvement of NUE of poplar.

scholarly journals Organic Manure Coupled with Inorganic Fertilizer: An Approach for the Sustainable Production of Rice by Improving Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Shangqin Wei ◽  
Kashif Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

The current farming system is heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers, which negatively affect soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Improving crop production on a sustainable basis is a challenging issue in the present agricultural system. To address this issue, we assumed that the combined use of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers can improve rice grain yield and soil properties without the expense of the environment. This study explores the combined effects of cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil properties, rice growth, physiology, and grain yield and quality. Six treatments in the following combinations were included: T1—no N fertilizer; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70% CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF; and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that across the seasons, treatment T6 increased the net photosynthesis rate, total biomass, grain yield, and amylose content by 23%, 90%, 95%, and 10%, respectively, compared with control. This increment in net photosynthetic rate and growth was the result of 24%, 14%, 19%, and 20% higher total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root diameter, respectively. Improvements in these attributes further enhanced the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. No significant difference between T4 and T6 was observed. The correlation analysis also confirmed that root morphological traits were positively correlated with grain yield, N uptake, and biomass accumulation. Similarly, improvement in grain yield and NUE was also associated with improved soil properties, i.e., bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic carbon, and total N under combined organic and inorganic N fertilizers treatment. Conclusively, the integration of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (urea) is a promising option not only for higher grain yield and quality of rice but also for improved soil health. This study provides a sustainable nutrient management strategy to improve crop yield with high nutrient use efficiency.

Nitrogen Management, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Seed Yield and Quality of Creeping Signalgrass

Crop Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago A. Catuchi ◽  
Rogério P. Soratto ◽  
Amarildo Francisquini Júnior ◽  
Elton A. Aranda ◽  
Fernando V. C. Guidorizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses to low nitrogen stress in Populus deltoides Marsh. clones with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Qinjun Huang ◽  
Weixi Zhang ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Group A ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Starvation ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of poplar. Results In this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A1-A3) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C1-C3) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. The low nitrogen adaptation coefficients of the leaves and stems biomass of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in group A, but not in group C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2062 specifically differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in group A and 1118 in group C. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of group A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction and stimulus response played an important role in the low N response this group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membranes, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses that might be critical for poplar’s adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation. Among them, four hub genes were related to programmed cell death and the defense response, and PodelWRKY18, with high connectivity, was involved in plant signal transduction. The expression of hub genes increased gradually with the extension of low N stress time, and the expression changes in group A were more obvious than those in group C. Conclusions Under N starvation, group A showed stronger adaptability and better NUE than group C in terms of morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and transcription factors might provide new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of NUE and its improvement in poplar.

Effects of organic fertilizers on yield and quality of rice grains and nitrogen use efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian LI ◽  
Qiang LIU ◽  
Xiang-min RONG ◽  
Gui-xian XIE ◽  
Yu-ping ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Varieties Contrasting for Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Chronic N Starvation Reveals Differences in Chloroplast and Starch Metabolism-Related Genes

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh Sinha ◽  
Amitha Sevanthi V. ◽  
Saurabh Chaudhary ◽  
Punit Tyagi ◽  
Sureshkumar Venkadesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Starvation
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