scholarly journals Marine-Derived Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Heart Failure: Current Understanding for Basic to Clinical Relevance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sakamoto ◽  
Masao Saotome ◽  
Keisuke Iguchi ◽  
Yuichiro Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global public health problem. Since HF results in high mortality and re-hospitalization, new effective treatments are desired. Although it remains controversial, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have been widely recognized to have benefits for HF. In a large-scale clinical trial regarding secondary prevention of HF by n-3 PUFA (GISSI-HF trial), the supplementation of n-3 PUFA significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Other small clinical studies proposed that n-3 PUFA potentially suppresses the ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis, which thereby improves the ventricular systolic and diastolic function both in ischemic and non-ischemic HF. Basic investigations have further supported our understanding regarding the cardioprotective mechanisms of n-3 PUFA against HF. In these reports, n-3 PUFA has protected hearts through (1) anti-inflammatory effects, (2) intervention of cardiac energy metabolism, (3) modification of cardiac ion channels, (4) improvement of vascular endothelial response, and (5) modulation of autonomic nervous system activity. To clarify the pros and cons of n-3 PUFA on HF, we summarized recent evidence regarding the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on HF both from the clinical and basic studies.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Health and Disease Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samina Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the last decades, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been largely explored not only for their nutritional value but also for the numerous biological functions and therapeutic effects. The serum and erythrocyte levels of PUFAs depend on the genetic control of metabolism as well as the dietary intake and are considered to reflect the health and disease status of an individual. Two families of PUFAs, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have gained much attention because of their involvement in the production of bioactive lipid mediators and therefore, a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is crucial in maintaining the overall health of an individual. Omega-3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been shown to exert beneficial effects, possibly due to their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects, whereas omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) exhibit the opposite properties. Even though, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have clearly established the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs in various pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, some controversies do exist about the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs and need to be clarified. Larger clinical trials with extended follow-up periods are required along with a careful dose selection, in order to confirm the clinical significance and efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs as therapeutic agents.

Dose-dependent decrease of platelet activation and tissue factor by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with advanced chronic heart failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (09) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Berger ◽  
Alexandra Hammer ◽  
Raisa Hutuleac ◽  
Renate Koppensteiner ◽  
Christoph Kopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryChronic heart failure (CHF) is characterised by activation of neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, and both are linked to a prothrombotic state. Treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) showed significant benefits including mortality reduction in CHF, but exact mechanisms of action are still unclear. We investigated the effects of n3-PUFA on markers of platelet activation and thrombogenesis in patients with severe CHF. Thirty-six patients with non-ischaemic CHF (LVEF<35%, NYHA class>2) under optimised therapy were randomised to supplementation with 1g/day or 4g/day n3-PUFA, or placebo for 12 weeks. Using whole-blood flow cytometry, monocyteplatelet aggregates characterised by CD14+/CD42b+ co-expression and monocytic tissue factor (TF) were determined. Plasma levels of P-selectin, sCD40L, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment F1.2, TF and proinflammatory markers (high sensitive[hs] interleukin-6, hsCRP, hsTNFalpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1) were measured by immunoassay. Supplementation with 1g/day and 4g/day n3-PUFA but not placebo significantly reduced monocyte-platelet aggregates in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend=0.02 across the groups). A dose of 4g/day but not 1g/day n3-PUFA significantly decreased P-selectin (p=0.03). Plasma TF decreased dose-dependently upon n3-PUFA supplementation (p for trend=0.02), paralleled by a significant decrease of TF+-monocytes (p for trend=0.01). The amount of 4g/day n3-PUFA exhibited modest anti-inflammatory effects with a significant reduction of hs interleukin-6 (p<0.01) and a trend-wise reduction of hsTNF-alpha (p=0.09). No changes were seen for sCD40L, fibrinogen, hsCRP and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, while F1.2 was decreased by 4g/day n3-PUFA (P=0.03). In patients with severe non-ischaemic CHF, treatment with n3-PUFA leads to a dose-dependent decrease of platelet activation and TF. Higher dosage exhibits also anti-inflammatory effects.* ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00149409

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and blood pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S195-S200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cabo ◽  
Rodrigo Alonso ◽  
Pedro Mata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Blue Fish ◽  
High Doses

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that consumption of omega (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contributes to the reduction of cardiovascular mortality through different mechanisms including modulation of cellular metabolic functions, gene expression and beneficial effects on lipid profile or blood pressure. The aim of the study is to review the effects of ω-3 PUFA supplemented as fish oil or blue fish in blood pressure. The analysis of different studies suggests that high doses ω-3 PUFA ( ≥  3 g/day) produces a small but significant decrease in blood pressure, especially systolic blood pressure, in older and hypertensive subjects; however, the evidence is not consistent among different studies. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption might have a place in the control of patients with mild hypertension before starting drug treatment and of those who prefer changes of lifestyles like diet.

Should We Start Prescribing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Heart Failure?

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Jarreau ◽  
John H. Lee ◽  
Carl J. Lavie ◽  
Hector O. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Ultrastructural observations on the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and HDA) (Omega-3) on the aortic wall in cholesterol-fed rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem'i Demiroğlu ◽  
Türkan Erbengi ◽  
Tuncay Altuğ ◽  
Billur Orbay ◽  
Sevim Büyükdevrim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Modulation of angiogenesis by ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated by cyclooxygenases

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 3514-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Szymczak ◽  
Michael Murray ◽  
Nenad Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Cancer Suppression

Abstract The potential role of dietary fats in cancer is attracting considerable interest within the community. Both epidemiologic and experimental findings suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which are almost absent from typical Western diets, exert protective effects against cancer progression, although the precise mechanism of this suppression remains unknown. One of the potential targets for ω-3 PUFAs in cancer suppression is angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation within rapidly growing tumors. Here, we demonstrate that ω-6 PUFAs stimulate and ω-3 PUFAs inhibit major proangiogenic processes in human endothelial cells, including the induction of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and matrix metalloprotease-9, endothelial invasion, and tube formation, that are usually activated by the major ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid. The cyclooxygenase (COX)–mediated conversion of PUFAs to prostanoid derivatives participated in modulation of the expression of Ang2. Thus, the ω-6 PUFA–derived prostaglandin E2 augmented, whereas the ω-3 PUFA–derived prostaglandin E3 suppressed the induction of Ang2 by growth factors. Our findings are consistent with the suggestion that PUFAs undergo biotransformation by COX-2 to lipid mediators that modulate tumor angiogenesis, which provides new insight into the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs.

scholarly journals The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyuan Bu ◽  
Yang Dou ◽  
Xiaodi Tian ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Stroke is the third commonest cause of death following cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In particular, in recent years, the morbidity and mortality of stroke keep remarkable growing. However, stroke still captures people attention far less than cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Past studies have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in the progress of cerebral injury induced by stroke. Evidence is accumulating that the dietary supplementation of fish oil exhibits beneficial effects on several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), the major component of fish oil, have been found against oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. And the potential of n-3 PUFAs in stroke treatment is attracting more and more attention. In this review, we will review the effects of n-3 PUFAs on stroke and mainly focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs.

Beneficial effects and oxidative stability of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Arab-Tehrany ◽  
Muriel Jacquot ◽  
Claire Gaiani ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Stephane Desobry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Chain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document