scholarly journals Reaction of Electrons with DNA: Radiation Damage to Radiosensitization

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
David Becker ◽  
Amitava Adhikary ◽  
Michael D. Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Aminyl Radicals ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Zero Kinetic Energy ◽  
Dna Strand

This review article provides a concise overview of electron involvement in DNA radiation damage. The review begins with the various states of radiation-produced electrons: Secondary electrons (SE), low energy electrons (LEE), electrons at near zero kinetic energy in water (quasi-free electrons, (e−qf)) electrons in the process of solvation in water (presolvated electrons, e−pre), and fully solvated electrons (e−aq). A current summary of the structure of e−aq, and its reactions with DNA-model systems is presented. Theoretical works on reduction potentials of DNA-bases were found to be in agreement with experiments. This review points out the proposed role of LEE-induced frank DNA-strand breaks in ion-beam irradiated DNA. The final section presents radiation-produced electron-mediated site-specific formation of oxidative neutral aminyl radicals from azidonucleosides and the evidence of radiosensitization provided by these aminyl radicals in azidonucleoside-incorporated breast cancer cells.

Formation of plasmid DNA strand breaks induced by low-energy ion beam: indication of nuclear stopping effects

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
Bingyao Jiang ◽  
Youshan Chen ◽  
Xingzhao Ding ◽  
Xianghuai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Dna Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Nuclear Stopping ◽  
Dna Strand

scholarly journals Absolute cross-sections for DNA strand breaks and crosslinks induced by low energy electrons

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (48) ◽  
pp. 32762-32771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhuang Chen ◽  
Shiliang Chen ◽  
Yanfang Dong ◽  
Pierre Cloutier ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Dna Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dna Strand

Absolute cross-sections (CSs) for the interaction of low energy electrons with condensed macromolecules are essential parameters to accurately model ionizing radiation induced reactions.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Infertility as a Feature of Genome Instability

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Agrita Puzuka ◽  
Baiba Alksere ◽  
Linda Gailite ◽  
Juris Erenpreiss
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Dynamic Mutations

Genome instability may play a role in severe cases of male infertility, with disrupted spermatogenesis being just one manifestation of decreased general health and increased morbidity. Here, we review the data on the association of male infertility with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental alterations, the causes and consequences, and the methods for assessment of genome instability. Male infertility research has provided evidence that spermatogenic defects are often not limited to testicular dysfunction. An increased incidence of urogenital disorders and several types of cancer, as well as overall reduced health (manifested by decreased life expectancy and increased morbidity) have been reported in infertile men. The pathophysiological link between decreased life expectancy and male infertility supports the notion of male infertility being a systemic rather than an isolated condition. It is driven by the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and premature cellular senescence. We have presented extensive data supporting the notion that genome instability can lead to severe male infertility termed “idiopathic oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia.” We have detailed that genome instability in men with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) might depend on several genetic and epigenetic factors such as chromosomal heterogeneity, aneuploidy, micronucleation, dynamic mutations, RT, PIWI/piRNA regulatory pathway, pathogenic allelic variants in repair system genes, DNA methylation, environmental aspects, and lifestyle factors.

scholarly journals The role of ascorbic acid combined exposure on Imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam M. El-Garawani ◽  
Elsayed A. Khallaf ◽  
Alaa A. Alne-na-ei ◽  
Rehab G. Elgendy ◽  
Gaber A. M. Mersal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Gill Cells ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Dna Strand

AbstractImidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n = 10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72 h-LC50 and 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72 h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 and 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition, the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p ˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 and 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.

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