scholarly journals Chemerin and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Treeck ◽  
Christa Buechler ◽  
Olaf Ortmann
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Dna Microarray Data ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine with established roles in inflammation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggest an important function of chemerin in cancer. Chemerin’s main cellular receptors, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) are expressed in most normal and tumor tissues. Chemerin’s role in cancer is considered controversial, since it is able to exert both anti-tumoral and tumor-promoting effects, which are mediated by different mechanisms like recruiting innate immune defenses or activation of endothelial angiogenesis. For this review article, original research articles on the role of chemerin and its receptors in cancer were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we included meta-analyses of publicly accessible DNA microarray data to elucidate the association of expression of chemerin and its receptors in tumor tissues with patients’ survival.

Update on hypnotherapy for psychiatrists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Chan ◽  
Zhisong Zhang ◽  
Guoxing Yin ◽  
Zhimeng Li ◽  
Roger C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Evidence Based Therapy

SUMMARY Although hypnosis has played a part in psychotherapy for a long time, it is not yet seen as an evidence-based therapy and is absent from many practice guidelines when it comes to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. At present, the applications and methods of hypnotherapy are poorly understood and other methods of psychotherapy tend to be favoured. This review article aims to introduce the role of hypnotherapy and its application for certain common psychiatric presentations, as well as examine its efficacy by summarising recent evidence from high-quality outcome studies and meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Role of Taste Receptors as Sentinels of Innate Immunity in the Upper Airway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil N. Patel ◽  
Alan D. Workman ◽  
Noam A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Taste Sensation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Evidence is emerging that shows taste receptors serve functions outside of taste sensation of the tongue. Taste receptors have been found in tissue across the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, brain, and airway. These extraoral taste receptors appear to be important in modulating the innate immune response through detection of pathogens. This review discusses taste receptor signaling, focusing on the G-protein–coupled receptors that detect bitter and sweet compounds in the upper airway epithelium. Emphasis is given to recent studies which link the physiology of sinonasal taste receptors to clinical manifestation of upper airway disease.

Update in Cognitive Therapy for Depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy-Marie Blackburn ◽  
Steve Moorhead
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

In this review article, the evolution of the cognitive theory of depression is described and new theories, inspired by cognitive science, are examined. The results of major meta-analyses of controlled outcome studies of cognitive therapy (CT) in depression, as well as of recent outcome and follow-up studies, are reported. Current controversies regarding the efficacy of CT in depression and the role of process variables in outcome are evaluated. Finally, a short case study is reported to illustrate the model, structure, and process of therapy with a depressed patient who also demonstrates two syndromes of personality disorder.

scholarly journals Interferon and Toll-Like Receptor 7 Response in COVID-19: Implications of Topical Imiquimod for Prophylaxis and Treatment

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mindy D. Szeto ◽  
Jalal Maghfour ◽  
Torunn E. Sivesind ◽  
Jarett Anderson ◽  
Jadesola T. Olayinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Topical Imiquimod ◽  
Pubmed Database

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The innate immune system is recognized as an essential aspect of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in inducing antiviral response, triggering downstream production of interferons (IFNs). Certain loss-of-function variants in TLR7 are associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity, and imiquimod (ImiQ) is known to have immunomodulating effects as an agonist of TLR7. Given that topical imiquimod (topImiQ) is indicated for various dermatologic conditions, it is necessary for dermatologists to understand the interplay between innate immunity mechanisms and the potential role of ImiQ in COVID-19, with a particular focus on TLR7. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Our objective was to survey recent peer-reviewed scientific literature in the PubMed database, examine relevant evidence, and elucidate the relationships between IFNs, TLR7, the innate immune system, and topImiQ in the context of COVID-19. Despite limited studies on this topic, current evidence supports the critical role of TLRs in mounting a strong immune response against COVID-19. Of particular interest to dermatologists, topImiQ can result in systemic upregulation of the immune system via activation of TLR7. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> Given the role of TLR7 in the systemic activation of the immune system, ImiQ, as a ligand of the TLR7 receptor, may have potential therapeutic benefit as a topical immunomodulatory treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Who is telling the story? A systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, 1980–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Mbaye ◽  
Redeat Gebeyehu ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Nicole Mbarga ◽  
Estella Bih-Neh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionAfrica contributes little to the biomedical literature despite its high burden of infectious diseases. Global health research partnerships aimed at addressing Africa-endemic disease may be polarised. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of researchers in Africa to research on six infectious diseases.MethodsWe reviewed publications on HIV and malaria (2013–2016), tuberculosis (2014–2016), salmonellosis, Ebola haemorrhagic fever and Buruli ulcer disease (1980–2016) conducted in Africa and indexed in the PubMed database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Papers reporting original research done in Africa with at least one laboratory test performed on biological samples were included. We studied African author proportion and placement per study type, disease, funding, study country and lingua franca.ResultsWe included 1182 of 2871 retrieved articles that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1109 (93.2%) had at least one Africa-based author, 552 (49.8%) had an African first author and 41.3% (n=458) an African last author. Papers on salmonellosis and tuberculosis had a higher proportion of African last authors (p<0.001) compared with the other diseases. Most of African first and last authors had an affiliation from an Anglophone country. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola had the most extramurally funded studies (≥70%), but less than 10% of the acknowledged funding was from an African funder.ConclusionAfrican researchers are under-represented in first and last authorship positions in papers published from research done in Africa. This calls for greater investment in capacity building and equitable research partnerships at every level of the global health community.

A meta-analysis of biomarkers related to oxidative stress and nitric oxide pathway in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Neri ◽  
Alessandra Frustaci ◽  
Mirta Milic ◽  
Vanessa Valdiglesias ◽  
Massimo Fini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background Oxidative and nitrosative stress are considered key events in the still unclear pathophysiology of migraine. Methods Studies comparing the level of biomarkers related to nitric oxide (NO) pathway/oxidative stress in the blood/urine of migraineurs vs. unaffected controls were extracted from the PubMed database. Summary estimates of mean ratios (MR) were carried out whenever a minimum of three papers were available. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses, accounting for more than 1000 patients and controls, and compared with existing literature. Results Most studies measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed lower activity in cases, although the meta-analysis in erythrocytes gave null results. On the contrary, plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an aspecific biomarker of oxidative damage, showed a meta-MR of 2.20 (95% CI: 1.65–2.93). As for NOs, no significant results were found in plasma, serum and urine. However, higher levels were shown during attacks, in patients with aura, and an effect of diet was found. The analysis of glutathione precursor homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an NO synthase inhibitor, gave inconclusive results. Conclusions The role of the oxidative pathway in migraine is still uncertain. Interesting evidence emerged for TBARS and SOD, and concerning the possible role of diet in the control of NOx levels.

scholarly journals Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Treeck ◽  
Susanne Schüler-Toprak ◽  
Olaf Ortmann
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.

scholarly journals A neutrophil-centric view of chemotaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Michael ◽  
Sonja Vermeren
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Neutrophil Extravasation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract Neutrophils are key players of the innate immune system, that are involved in coordinating the initiation, propagation and resolution of inflammation. Accurate neutrophil migration (chemotaxis) to sites of inflammation in response to gradients of chemoattractants is pivotal to these roles. Binding of chemoattractants to dedicated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates downstream signalling events that promote neutrophil polarisation, a prerequisite for directional migration. We provide a brief summary of some of the recent insights into signalling events and feedback loops that serve to initiate and maintain neutrophil polarisation. This is followed by a discussion of recent developments in the understanding of in vivo neutrophil chemotaxis, a process that is frequently referred to as ‘recruitment’ or ‘trafficking’. Here, we summarise neutrophil mobilisation from and homing to the bone marrow, and briefly discuss the role of glucosaminoglycan-immobilised chemoattractants and their corresponding receptors in the regulation of neutrophil extravasation and neutrophil swarming. We furthermore touch on some of the most recent insights into the roles of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) in neutrophil recruitment, and discuss neutrophil reverse (transendothelial) migration together with potential function(s) in the dissemination and/or resolution of inflammation.

scholarly journals Evidence-based case report: Coinfection of COVID-19 in children and administration of antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Fifi Sofiah ◽  
Marselya Ulfa ◽  
Azwar Aruf ◽  
Raden Muhammad Indra
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Very High

A B S T R A C TBackground. COVID-19 in childrenalthoughmostly mild,but can also cause seriousillness and even death. Coinfection, especially bacterialcan increase the severity of thedisease. There is yet sufficient evidence about the role of antibiotics in childhoodCOVID-19 with coinfection.Objective. To review the available evidence on thecoinfection in childhood COVID-19 and the role of antibiotic administration.Method.Online literature search using Pubmed database, google scholar dan Cohcranelibrary Results.No study was found that directly evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic inchildhood COVID-19 with coinfection. Three meta-analyses found rates of coinfectionof 5.6%-14% and one case series identified a very high rate (94.2%). Most frequentpathogens included Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia,andinfluenza/parainfluenza viruses. Two RCTsandone case series on antibioticadministration, but all three studies did not address coinfection status.All threestudies evaluated the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Nochanges in illness severity or mortality attributed to the medications, one studyindicated more rapid viral load clearance associated with azithromycin. ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence on the role of antibiotics in the management of childhoodCOVID-19with coinfection. Azithromycin can be considered in some cases.

Role of Innate Immune Sensors, TLRs, and NALP3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Takakubo ◽  
G. Barreto ◽  
Yrjo T. Konttinen ◽  
H. Oki ◽  
Michiaki Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Innate Immune
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