scholarly journals Medical Treatment for Osteoporosis: From Molecular to Clinical Opinions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ru Chen ◽  
Nai-Yu Ko ◽  
Kuo-Hu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

Osteoporosis is a major concern all over the world. With aging, a gradual loss of bone mass results in osteopenia and osteoporosis. Heritable factors account for 60–80% of optimal bone mineralization. Modifiable factors, such as weight-bearing exercise, nutrition, body mass, and hormonal milieu, play an important role in the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adulthood. Currently, anti-resorptive agents, including estrogen, bisphosphonates, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), are the drugs of choice for osteoporosis. Other treatments include parathyroid hormone (PTH) as well as the nutritional support of calcium and vitamin D. New treatments such as tissue-selective estrogen receptor complexes (TSECs) are currently in use too. This review, which is based on a systematic appraisal of the current literature, provides current molecular and genetic opinions on osteoporosis and its medical treatment. It offers evidence-based information to help researchers and clinicians with osteoporosis assessment. However, many issues regarding osteoporosis and its treatment remain unknown or controversial and warrant future investigation.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support and Physical Modalities for People with Osteoporosis: Current Opinion

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ru Chen ◽  
Peng-Hsuan Hou ◽  
Kuo-Hu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Physical Modalities

Osteoporosis is a vital healthcare issue among elderly people. During the aging process, a gradual loss of bone mass results in osteopenia and osteoporosis. Heritable factors account for 60–80% of optimal bone mineralization, whereas modifiable factors such as nutrition, weight-bearing exercise, body mass, and hormonal milieu affect the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adulthood. Osteoporosis substantially increases the risk of skeletal fractures and further morbidity and mortality. The effective prevention of fractures by reducing the loss of bone mass is the primary goal for physicians treating people with osteoporosis. Other than pharmacologic agents, lifestyle adjustment, nutritional support, fall prevention strategies, exercise, and physical modalities can be used to treat osteoporosis or prevent further osteoporotic fracture. Each of these factors, alone or in combination, can be of benefit to people with osteoporosis and should be implemented following a detailed discussion with patients. This review comprises a systematic survey of the current literature on osteoporosis and its nonpharmacologic and nonsurgical treatment. It provides clinicians and healthcare workers with evidence-based information on the assessment and management of osteoporosis. However, numerous issues regarding osteoporosis and its treatment remain unexplored and warrant future investigation.

scholarly journals G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) as a Novel Target for Schizophrenia Drug Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle S Macêdo ◽  
Lia Lira Olivier Sanders ◽  
Raimunda das Candeias ◽  
Cyntia de Freitas Montenegro ◽  
David Freitas de Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
New Class ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Estrogen Receptor 1

Abstract The observation that a person’s sex influences the onset age of schizophrenia, the course of the disease, and antipsychotic treatment response suggests a possible role for estrogen receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Indeed, treatment with adjunctive estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are known to reduce schizophrenia symptoms. While estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ have been studied, a third and more recently discovered estrogen receptor, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), has been largely neglected. GPER is a membrane receptor that regulates non-genomic estrogen functions, such as the modulation of emotion and inflammatory response. This review discusses the possible role of GPER in brain impairments seen in schizophrenia and in its potential as a therapeutic target. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, using the following search terms: “Schizophrenia,” “Psychosis,” “GPER1 protein,” “Estrogen receptors,” “SERMS,” “GPER1 agonism, “Behavioral symptoms,” “Brain Inflammation.” Studies involving GPER in schizophrenia, whether preclinical or human studies, have been scarce, but the results are encouraging. Agonism of the GPER receptor could prove to be an essential mechanism of action for a new class of “anti-schizophrenia” drugs.

Estrogen Receptor Modulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-74
Author(s):  
Carlo I. Rosales ◽  
Lauren M. Gutgesell ◽  
Kiira M. Ratia ◽  
Gregory R.J. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Receptor Modulators
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