scholarly journals Genetic Modification of Mucor circinelloides to Construct Stearidonic Acid Producing Cell Factory

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khan ◽  
Junhuan Yang ◽  
Syed Hussain ◽  
Huaiyuan Zhang ◽  
Victoriano Garre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Homologous Overexpression ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Oleaginous Fungus ◽  
Delta 6 Desaturase

Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4, n-3) is the delta 15-desaturase product of gamma linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, n-6) and delta 6-desaturase product of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3, n-3). Construction of engineered oleaginous microbes have been attracting significant interest in producing SDA because of its nutritional value and pharmaceutical applications. Mucor circinelloides is a GLA producing filamentous fungus, which can be a useful tool to produce SDA. This study has, therefore, overexpressed the delta-15 desaturase (D15D) gene from Mortierella alpina in this fungus to construct a SDA-producing cell factory. To produce SDA in M. circinelloides, the homologous overexpression of D15D gene was analyzed. When the gene was overexpressed in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49, up to 5.0% SDA was accumulated in this strain. According to current knowledge, this is the first study describing the construction of a SDA-producing cell factory by overexpression of D15D gene in oleaginous fungus M. circinelloides. A new scope for further research has been established by this work to improve SDA production in this fungus, specifically in its high lipid-producing strain, WJ11.

scholarly journals Changes in the content of gamma-linolenic C18:3 (n-6) and stearidonic C18:4 (n-3) acids in developing seeds of viper's bugloss Echium vulgare L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stolyhwo ◽  
Jolanta Mol
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Competitive Action

Changes in the composition of fatty acids (FA) were determined in lipid extracts isolated from developing ovaries containing ovules and developing seeds of Echium vulgare L. The samples were collected successively over 20 days beginning with the first day after flowering. The contents of the n-6 FA family members, i.e., gamma-linolenic (GLA) (C(18:3)) and linoleic (LA) (C(18:2)) acids changed in a parallel manner and reached the maximum of 13.9% and 24%, respectively, on the 12th day, after which they fell systematically down to 8.6% and 18.2%, respectively, on the 20th day after flowering. Starting with day 13, the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (C(18:3) n-3) begins to grow intensively, from 24.2% to 39.3% on the 20th day after flowering. The increase in the content of stearidonic acid (SDA) (C(18:4) n-3), up to 10.5% on the 20th day after flowering, occurred steadily as the seeds developed, and was independent of the changes in the content of GLA and LA. The pattern of changes in the content of SDA, GLA, LA and ALA during the development of seeds, and the occurrence of SDA in the seed oil of other plants, demonstrate that the biosynthesis of SDA in the seeds is critically dependent on the presence of ALA. The above condition indicates that SDA biosynthesis in the seeds of Echium vulgare follows the scheme LA --> simultaneous, competitive, action of Delta(6) and Delta(15) desaturases, leading to the formation of GLA and ALA, respectively, and then ALA (Delta(6) des) --> SDA. The biosynthesis according to the scheme: GLA (Delta(15) des) --> SDA is highly unlikely.

Essential Fatty Acids in Clinical Medicine

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Horrobin ◽  
Mehar S. Manku
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Delta 6 Desaturase

There are two types of essential fatty acids (EFAs), the n-6 derived from linoleic acid and the n-3 from alpha-linolenic acid. They play major roles in the structure of all organs and determine some of the properties of all membranes. The EFAs also act as precursors for the eicosanoids, the prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The body requires adequate intakes of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids but must also be able to metabolize them normally. Abnormalities of EFA intake and absorption are exceedingly rare except in patients with known malabsorption or who are on total parenteral nutrition. Abnormalities of EFA metabolism, in contrast, appear to be rather common. Patients with atopic eczema seem to have a defect at the delta-6-desaturase level which leads to elevated blood levels of the two main dietary precursors but significantly reduced levels of all metabolites. Patients with premenstrual syndrome appear to have low n-6 metabolites and elevated n-3 metabolites, those with premenstrual breast disease to have low n-6 and near normal n-3 metabolites and those with non-cyclic breast disease to have a deficiency of both n-6 and n-3 acids. Both diabetes and alcoholism lead to defective delta-6–desaturase function and low concentrations of EFA metabolites. There is considerable clinical evidence that gamma-linolenic acid can correct some of the abnormalities in EFA patterns and can also lead to simultaneous clinical improvement, suggesting that the EFA abnormalities are playing a causative role. As Sinclair predicted 30 years ago, understanding of EFA metabolism seems likely to bring about major practical advances in clinical medicine.

Stearidonic acid combined with alpha-linolenic acid improves lipemic and neurological markers in a rat model subject to a hypercaloric diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cardoso ◽  
Joana Paiva Martinho ◽  
Paula A. Lopes ◽  
Susana Martins ◽  
Jorge Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Model Subject ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

Comparison of Ahiflower oil containing stearidonic acid to a high‐alpha‐linolenic acid flaxseed oil at two levels on tissue omega‐3 enrichment in broilers

Lipids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. A. El‐Zenary ◽  
Khalid M. Gaafar ◽  
Reham Abou‐Elkhair ◽  
Robert G. Elkin ◽  
John W. Boney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

A brief review of physiological roles, plant resources, synthesis, purification and oxidative stability of Alpha-linolenic Acid

2018 ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Tang, Yao Jiang ◽  
Jiasong Meng, Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Development And Utilization

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) comprising of 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds. Because the first double bond counted from the methyl terminus, is at position three, ALA belongs to the so-called n-3 group. Derived mainly from natural plants such as Linum usitatissimum and Perilla frutescens, it is an essential fatty acid for the human body. ALA is essential for the regulation of blood lipid, blood pressure and blood sugar, for the prevention of diseases and for the protection of retina and brain. It is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are crucial for human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge on physiological roles, plant resources, and synthesis, purification and oxidative stability of ALA, providing the scientific basis for its sustainable development and utilization towards human health.

scholarly journals Oils rich in alpha‐linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the delta‐6‐desaturase null mouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Monteiro ◽  
Mira McLennan ◽  
Lyn Hillyer ◽  
Fatemeh Askarian ◽  
Mohammed H. Moghadasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Delta 6 Desaturase

Production of γ-Linolenic Acid and Stearidonic Acid in Seeds of Marker-Free Transgenic Soybean

Crop Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Sato ◽  
Aiqiu Xing ◽  
Xingguo Ye ◽  
Bruce Schweiger ◽  
Anthony Kinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Marker Free

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Functionality and Potential Therapeutic Uses of Donkey Milk

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Mina Martini ◽  
Iolanda Altomonte ◽  
Domenico Tricò ◽  
Riccardo Lapenta ◽  
Federica Salari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Concentration

The increase of knowledge on the composition of donkey milk has revealed marked similarities to human milk, which led to a growing number of investigations focused on testing the potential effects of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo. This paper examines the scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of donkey milk on human health. Most clinical studies report a tolerability of donkey milk in 82.6–98.5% of infants with cow milk protein allergies. The average protein content of donkey milk is about 18 g/L. Caseins, which are main allergenic components of milk, are less represented compared to cow milk (56% of the total protein in donkey vs. 80% in cow milk). Donkey milk is well accepted by children due to its high concentration of lactose (about 60 g/L). Immunomodulatory properties have been reported in one study in humans and in several animal models. Donkey milk also seems to modulate the intestinal microbiota, enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms and detoxifying enzymes activities, reduce hyperglycemia and normalize dyslipidemia. Donkey milk has lower calorie and fat content compared with other milks used in human nutrition (fat ranges from 0.20% to 1.7%) and a more favourable fatty acid profile, being low in saturated fatty acids (3.02 g/L) and high in alpha-linolenic acid (about 7.25 g/100 g of fat). Until now, the beneficial properties of donkey milk have been mostly related to whey proteins, among which β-lactoglobulin is the most represented (6.06 g/L), followed by α-lactalbumin (about 2 g/L) and lysozyme (1.07 g/L). So far, the health functionality of donkey milk has been tested almost exclusively on animal models. Furthermore, in vitro studies have described inhibitory action against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. From the literature review emerges the need for new randomized clinical trials on humans to provide stronger evidence of the potential beneficial health effects of donkey milk, which could lead to new applications as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, malnutrition, and aging.

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