scholarly journals Halophytic Grasses, a New Source of Nutraceuticals? A Review on Their Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Faustino ◽  
Maria Faustino ◽  
Diana Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Halophytic Grasses

The Poaceae family, known as grasses, is distributed worldwide and is considered the most important group of monocotyledonous crops. Salt stress is multifactorial, therefore to survive, halophytes evolved a variety of adaptations, which include the biosynthesis of different primary and secondary metabolites. This trait enhances the accumulation of important families of compounds crucial to the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases. Besides, if proven edible, these species could cope with the increased soil salinity responsible for the decline of arable land due to their high nutritional/nutraceutical value. Herein, the phytochemical investigations performed in halophytes from the Poaceae family as well as their biological properties were explored. Among the 65 genera and 148 species of known halophytic grasses, only 14% of the taxa were studied phytochemically and 10% were subjected to biological evaluation. Notably, in the studied species, a variety of compound families, as well as bioactivities, were demonstrated, highlighting the potential of halophytic grasses.

scholarly journals Essential oil from Piperaceae as a potential for biopesticide agents: a review

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N.A. Abdullah ◽  
W.Z.W.M. Zain ◽  
H.A. Hamid ◽  
N.W. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Present Information ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Synthetic Pesticide ◽  
States Food

This review is aimed to present information on the properties of Piperaceae which can be potentially used as a biopesticide. The chemical compounds involved in were different as each species consist of different amount of secondary metabolites which then leads to different properties. In recent years, several reports have been published regarding the composition and the biological activities of the essential oils of Piper species. These studies have highlighted the existence of marked chemical differences among oils extracted from different species or varieties. Analysis of volatile constituents from Piperaceae species has revealed the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and arylpropanoids that have shown interesting biological properties including cytotoxic, fungistatic, insecticide, molluscicidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Essential oils are natural complex secondary metabolites characterized by strong odour, volatility and have generally lower density than water. Due to their volatility, essential oils are environmentally non-persistent. On top of that, essential oils are ‘generally recognized as safe’ by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since technology has become more advanced, people started to replace synthetic pesticide with bio-pesticide. The demand for EO has increased as it has biological properties that can be used to replace synthetic pesticide

scholarly journals New Chemovariety of Lippia alba From Colombia: Compositional Analysis of the Volatile Secondary Metabolites and Some in vitro Biological Activities of the Essential Oil From Plant Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986290
Author(s):  
Amner Muñoz-Acevedo ◽  
María C. González ◽  
Juan D. Rodríguez ◽  
Yurina Sh. De Moya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lippia Alba

Lippia alba is a plant widely studied due to both chemical diversity and bioactivities related to its ethnobotanical uses. In this work, the composition of the volatile secondary metabolites (volatile fractions/essential oil, EO) of the flower/leaves of L. alba (from northern region of Colombia) was determined by solid phase micro-extraction/distillation-solvent extraction/microwave-hydrodistillation/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MWHD/GC-MS), along with some in vitro biological properties (cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase enzyme [AChe] inhibition) from leaf EO. Outstanding results were found: (i) cis-piperitone oxide (~13%-46%), germacrene D (~11%-30%), and limonene (~10%-22%) characterized the volatile secondary metabolites from different parts of the plant; (ii) leaf EO showed a moderate hemolytic activity (HC50: 580 ± 1 µg/mL), a significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes (LC50: 127 ± 3 µg/mL), a high cytotoxicity on HEp2 cell line (LC50: 38 ± 2 µg/mL), and a moderate inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50: 28 ± 2 µg/mL). Based on these results, a new chemovar of L. alba is reported (represented by cis-piperitone oxide) along with its promising cytotoxic and AChE inhibiting properties.

scholarly journals Metabolic Analysis of Root, Stem, and Leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis Plantlets Treated with Different LED Lights

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Ji Yeo ◽  
Chang-Ha Park ◽  
Soo-Yun Park ◽  
Sun-Ok Chung ◽  
Jae-Kwang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
White Led ◽  
Led Light ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Led Lights

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been considered an efficient artificial light source in plant factories for enhancing plant growth and nutritional quality. Accordingly, this study aimed to review blue, red, and white LED light sources for efficiency and length of the growing period to produce seedlings of Scutellaria baicalensis with high nutritional value. The roots, stems, and leaves of S. baicalensis seedlings were grown under different LED lights and harvested after two and four weeks, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify and quantify primary and secondary metabolites. Roots, particularly in the seedlings treated with white LEDs were determined to contain the greatest concentrations of the representative compounds present in S. baicalensis: baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, which show highly strong biological properties compared to the other plant organs. A total of 50 metabolites (amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, phenolic acids, and amines) were detected in the roots, stems, and leaves of S. baicalensis seedlings, and the concentrations of primary and secondary metabolites were generally decreased with the increasing duration of LED illumination. Therefore, this study suggests that white LED light and a 2-week growing period are the most efficient conditions for the production of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin.

scholarly journals The Natural Products and Pharmacological Biodiversity of Brown Algae from the Genus Dictyopteris

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Rushdi ◽  
Iman A. M. Abdel- Rahman ◽  
Hani Saber ◽  
Eman Zekry Attia ◽  
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Chemical Feature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications

Abstract. Genus Dictyopteris is an important genus among marine seaweeds and is excessively distributed and known by its ocean smell due to its secondary metabolites including C11-hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. This chemical feature is responsible for its interesting biological properties. This review detected the literature from 1959 to 2021 on the genus Dictyopteris and revealed the secondary metabolites, together with biological activities of the genus Dictyopteris to create the base for additional studies on its clinical and pharmaceutical applications.   Resumen. El género Dictyopteris es un género importante entre las algas marinas y está excesivamente distribuido y conocido por su olor a océano debido a sus metabolitos secundarios que incluyen hidrocarburos C11 y compuestos de azufre. Esta característica química es responsable de sus interesantes propiedades biológicas. Esta revisión detectó la literatura de 1959 a 2021 sobre el género Dictyopteris y reveló los metabolitos secundarios, junto con las actividades biológicas del género Dictyopteris, para crear la base para estudios adicionales sobre sus aplicaciones clínicas y farmacéuticas.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity of green synthesized nanosilver by naphthopyrones isolated from marine-derived Aspergillus niger

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257071
Author(s):  
Ghada Mahmoud Abdelwahab ◽  
Amira Mira ◽  
Yuan-Bin Cheng ◽  
Tarek A. Abdelaziz ◽  
Mohamed Farid I. Lahloub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Aspergillus niger metabolites exhibited a wide range of biological properties including antioxidant and neuro-protective effects and some physical properties as green synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNP. The present study presents a novel evidence for the various biological activities of green synthesized AgNPs. For the first time, some isolated naphtho-γ-pyrones from marine-derived Aspergillus niger, flavasperone (1), rubrofusarin B (2), aurasperone A (3), fonsecinone A (4) in addition to one alkaloid aspernigrin A (7) were invistigated for their inhibitory activity of acetylcholine esterase AChE, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability to synthesize AgNPs by compounds 3, 4 and 7 has been also tested for the first time. Green synthesized AgNPs were well-dispersed, and their size was ranging from 8–30 nm in diameter, their morphology was obviously spherical capped with the organic compounds. Further biological evaluation of their AChE inhibitory activity was compared to the parent compounds. AgNps dramatically increased the inhibitory activity of Compounds 4, 3 and 7 by 84, 16 and 13 fold, respectively to be more potent than galanthamine as a positive control with IC50 value of 1.43 compared to 0.089, 0.311 and 1.53 of AgNPs of Compounds 4, 3 and 7, respectively. Also compound 2 showed moderate inhibitory activity. This is could be probably explained by closer fitting to the active sites or the synergistic effect of the stabilized AgNPs by the organic compouds. These results, in addition to other intrinsic chemical and biological properties of naphtho-γ-pyrones, suggest that the latter could be further explored with a view towards other neuroprotective studies for alleviating AD.

Chemical diversity and bioactivity of marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisham S. Singh ◽  
Supriya Tilvi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Acetylenic Acids

: The marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia sp. is comprised of more than 50 species and are distributed in the seas around the tropical and subtropical regions. They are mainly found in the northern Indian oceans, Japan, and the south pacific coast. They are highly colored and known to be a rich source of various secondary metabolites, particularly, alkaloids. Several other secondary metabolites were also reported from this genus which include terpenes, sphingolipids, ceramides, cerebrosides, acetylenic acids, and thiocyanatins, etc. Many of these compounds isolated from this genus exhibited various biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, ichthyotoxicity and nematocidal activities. Although several secondary metabolites have been reported from this genus, a dedicated review of the chemicals and biological activities of this genus is so far lacking. Keeping this in mind this review describes the various chemical entities isolated from the sponges of the genus Oceanapia detailing their chemical structures along with their reported biological properties.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Seasonality of Aromatic Mediterranean Plant Species by NMR-Based Metabolomics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Brigida D’Abrosca ◽  
Assunta Esposito ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Derivatives

An NMR-based metabolomic approach has been applied to analyse seven aromatic Mediterranean plant species used in traditional cuisine. Based on the ethnobotanical use of these plants, the approach has been employed in order to study the metabolic changes during different seasons. Primary and secondary metabolites have been detected and quantified. Flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (e.g., chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) are the main identified polyphenols. The richness in these metabolites could explain the biological properties ascribed to these plant species.

Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Lucia Maddau ◽  
Benedetto Teodoro Linaldeddu ◽  
Bruno Scanu ◽  
Antonio Evidente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Forest Trees

Background: Fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems interacting positively or negatively with plants. These interactions are complex and the outcomes are different depending on the fungal lifestyles, saprotrophic, mutualistic or pathogenic. Furthermore, fungi are well known for producing secondary metabolites, originating from different biosynthetic pathways, which possess biological properties of considerable biotechnological interest. Among the terrestrial ecosystems, temperate forests represent an enormous reservoir of fungal diversity. This review will highlight the goldmine of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi of forest trees with focus on their biological activities. Methods: A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature was undertaken using a research discovery application providing access to a large and authoritative source of references. The papers selected were examined and the main results were reported and discussed. Results: Two hundred forthy-one papers were included in the review, outlined a large number of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophiltic fungi and their biological activities, including phytotoxic, antifungal, antioomycetes, antibacterial, brine shrimp lethality, mosquito biting deterrence and larvicidal, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and many other bioactivities. Conclusion: The findings of this review confirm the importance of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi from forest plants growing in temperate regions as an excellent prospects to discover compounds with new bioactivities and mode of actions. In addition, the potential of some metabolites as a source of new drugs and biopesticides is underlined.

A Review on Classification and Biological Activities of Alkaloids from the Genus Zanthoxylum Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jun Wei ◽  
Xiao-Hui Chen ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Xiao-Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Drug Development

: Many plants in the genus Zanthoxylum, belonging to the Rutaceae family, are recorded as folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which attracts much attention for their phytochemical and pharmacological activity investigations. Alkaloids are the largest secondary metabolites with structurally diverse types found in this genus and they demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this review is to provide a summary on the isolation, classification, and biological properties of the alkaloids from Zanthoxylum species, which also will bring more attention to other researchers for further biological study on alkaloids for the new drug development.

Synthesis and SAR Evaluation of Mercapto Triazolobenzothiazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
Mamatha S.V ◽  
S.L. Belagali ◽  
Mahesh Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mic Value

Background: Benzothiazoles possess a vast sphere of biological activities including anti- inflammatory, antibacterial activities whereas triazoles display various pharmacological properties including antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. Hence, triazole conjugated benzothiazole side-chain anticipating their interesting biological properties has been focused upon. Objective: The objective of the current work is synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of benzothiazole appended triazole derivatives. Methods: The target compounds were prepared via a multi-step method involving the treatment of 2-amino benzothiazole with hydrazine followed by cyclization with carbon disulfide to give the corresponding triazol-2-thiol derivatives and then alkylation of these derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, Mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectra and were screened for their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular (anti-TB) activities in vitro. These molecules were also docked into the enoyl acyl carrier reductase (Inha, PDB ID-1ZID) in silico. Results: While all the synthesized compounds were active against M. tuberculosis at 50 μg/ml, the pyrrolidine and piperidine appended benzothiazolyltriazoles showed the superior activity (MIC values 12.5 to 1.6 μg/ml). Compound 5a (5-CH3 with piperidine), 5b (7-CH3 with piperidine) and 7b (7-CH3 with pyrrolidine) showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value 31.25μg/ml, while compounds 7a (5-CH3 with pyrrolidine), 6b (7-CH3 with morpholine) and 8c (7-Br with pyridine) exhibited good antibacterial activity against E-coli with MIC value 62.5μg/ml. Compounds 7b (7-CH3 with pyrrolidine) and 5c (7-Br with piperidine) showed good anti-oxidant activities with IC50 values 93.25 and 82.25, respectively. Notably, these compounds were non-toxic to the normal cells even at high concentrations with IC50 value 238μg/ml. Conclusion: The compound 7b, a benzothiazolyltriazole having a pyrrolidine group (five membered ring) attached to two CH2 groups and methyl substituent at 7th position of the benzothiazole ring emerged as a novel and promising hit molecule that showed anti-TB, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities in vitro.

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