scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Seasonality of Aromatic Mediterranean Plant Species by NMR-Based Metabolomics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Brigida D’Abrosca ◽  
Assunta Esposito ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Derivatives

An NMR-based metabolomic approach has been applied to analyse seven aromatic Mediterranean plant species used in traditional cuisine. Based on the ethnobotanical use of these plants, the approach has been employed in order to study the metabolic changes during different seasons. Primary and secondary metabolites have been detected and quantified. Flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (e.g., chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) are the main identified polyphenols. The richness in these metabolites could explain the biological properties ascribed to these plant species.

scholarly journals Berry primary and secondary metabolites in response to sunlight and temperature in the grapevine fruit zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Deloire ◽  
Suzy Rogiers ◽  
Guillaume Antalick ◽  
Anne Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Berry Composition

The chemical composition of berries at harvest, which will affect wine styles, is determined by complex physiological processes occurring from set through the fruit’s lifetime to maturity, and this is closely intertwined with environmental and crop management factors. Among those factors, climatic conditions within the fruit zone (i.e. microclimate), such as light and temperature, are well-known to affect the physiology of the fruit at the skin, pulp and seed levels. This article will present the potential of leaf thinning in the bunch zone to modify cluster microclimate and berry composition.

scholarly journals Halophytic Grasses, a New Source of Nutraceuticals? A Review on Their Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Faustino ◽  
Maria Faustino ◽  
Diana Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Halophytic Grasses

The Poaceae family, known as grasses, is distributed worldwide and is considered the most important group of monocotyledonous crops. Salt stress is multifactorial, therefore to survive, halophytes evolved a variety of adaptations, which include the biosynthesis of different primary and secondary metabolites. This trait enhances the accumulation of important families of compounds crucial to the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases. Besides, if proven edible, these species could cope with the increased soil salinity responsible for the decline of arable land due to their high nutritional/nutraceutical value. Herein, the phytochemical investigations performed in halophytes from the Poaceae family as well as their biological properties were explored. Among the 65 genera and 148 species of known halophytic grasses, only 14% of the taxa were studied phytochemically and 10% were subjected to biological evaluation. Notably, in the studied species, a variety of compound families, as well as bioactivities, were demonstrated, highlighting the potential of halophytic grasses.

scholarly journals Metabolic Analysis of Root, Stem, and Leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis Plantlets Treated with Different LED Lights

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Ji Yeo ◽  
Chang-Ha Park ◽  
Soo-Yun Park ◽  
Sun-Ok Chung ◽  
Jae-Kwang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
White Led ◽  
Led Light ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Led Lights

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been considered an efficient artificial light source in plant factories for enhancing plant growth and nutritional quality. Accordingly, this study aimed to review blue, red, and white LED light sources for efficiency and length of the growing period to produce seedlings of Scutellaria baicalensis with high nutritional value. The roots, stems, and leaves of S. baicalensis seedlings were grown under different LED lights and harvested after two and four weeks, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify and quantify primary and secondary metabolites. Roots, particularly in the seedlings treated with white LEDs were determined to contain the greatest concentrations of the representative compounds present in S. baicalensis: baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, which show highly strong biological properties compared to the other plant organs. A total of 50 metabolites (amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, phenolic acids, and amines) were detected in the roots, stems, and leaves of S. baicalensis seedlings, and the concentrations of primary and secondary metabolites were generally decreased with the increasing duration of LED illumination. Therefore, this study suggests that white LED light and a 2-week growing period are the most efficient conditions for the production of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin.

scholarly journals Current Trends on Seaweeds: Looking at Chemical Composition, Phytopharmacology, and Cosmetic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salehi ◽  
Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Seca ◽  
Pinto ◽  
Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Seaweeds have received huge interest in recent years given their promising potentialities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypolipemic, and anticoagulant effects are among the most renowned and studied bioactivities so far, and these effects have been increasingly associated with their content and richness in both primary and secondary metabolites. Although primary metabolites have a pivotal importance such as their content in polysaccharides (fucoidans, agars, carragenans, ulvans, alginates, and laminarin), recent data have shown that the content in some secondary metabolites largely determines the effective bioactive potential of seaweeds. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds feature prominently. The present review provides the most remarkable insights into seaweed research, specifically addressing its chemical composition, phytopharmacology, and cosmetic applications.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ink from Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Janeth Cuevas TAYONE
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Dolabella Auricularia ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of ink from sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) of Pujada Bay, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. The proximate and mineral composition were determined by using the standard official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).  The presence of secondary metabolites was investigated by using different qualitative tests, namely Froth test (saponins), Libermann-Buchard (sterols), Bate-Smith and Metacalf (flavonoids), Dragendorff and Maeyer (alkaloids), Keller-kiliani (glycoside), ferric chloride (tannins) and Bortnträger (anthraquinones). Its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by using agar well diffusion method. The results for proximate analyses showed that ink contained 90.4 % moisture, 2.044 % ash, 5.324 % crude fat and 0.75 % protein. The mineral analyses were 0.25 % phosphorous, 578 µg/g potassium, 0.662 % sodium, 310.8 µg/g calcium, 664 µg/g magnesium, 2.146 µg/g iron and 1.898 µg/g zinc. Secondary metabolites screening revealed that ink contained saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Further, the ink extract showed weak antibacterial factor.  This is the first study conducted on the ink of sea hare in Davao region and its preliminary results showed that it is a good source of primary and secondary metabolites. These findings can be added to the potential medicinal value of sea hare and a basis for further chemical studies that will hopefully lead to the discovery of compounds with pharmacological importance.

Chemical composition and biological properties of Piper cabralanum C. DC. (Piperaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Moreira ◽  
F Candido ◽  
M Siqueira ◽  
C Quaresma ◽  
E Guimarâes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Properties

Caffeoylquinic Acids with Potential Biological Activity from Plant In vitro Cultures as Alternative Sources of Valuable Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2817-2842
Author(s):  
Ewa Skała ◽  
Joanna Makowczyńska ◽  
Joanna Wieczfinska ◽  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Przemysław Sitarek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Transformed Roots ◽  
Transgenic Roots ◽  
Plant In Vitro Cultures

Background: For a long time, the researchers have been looking for new efficient methods to enhance production and obtain valuable plant secondary metabolites, which would contribute to the protection of the natural environment through the preservation of various plant species, often rare and endangered. These possibilities offer plant in vitro cultures which can be performed under strictly-controlled conditions, regardless of the season or climate and environmental factors. Biotechnological methods are promising strategies for obtaining the valuable plant secondary metabolites with various classes of chemical compounds including caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and their derivatives. CQAs have been found in many plant species which are components in the daily diet and exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuroprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. They have also been found to offer protection against Alzheimer’s disease, and play a role in weight reduction and lipid metabolism control, as well as modulating the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase involved in glucose metabolism. Methods: This work presents the review of the recent advances in use in vitro cultures of various plant species for the alternative system to the production of CQAs and their derivatives. Production of the secondary metabolites in in vitro culture is usually performed with cell suspension or organ cultures, such as shoots and adventitious or transformed roots. To achieve high production of valuable secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures, the optimization of the culture condition is necessary with respect to both biomass accumulation and metabolite content. The optimization of the culture conditions can be achieved by choosing the type of medium, growth regulators or growth conditions, selection of high-productivity lines or culture period, supplementation of the culture medium with precursors or elicitor treatments. Cultivation for large-scale in bioreactors and genetic engineering: Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation and expression improvement of transcriptional factor or genes involved in the secondary metabolite production pathway are also efficient strategies for enhancement of the valuable secondary metabolites. Results: Many studies have been reported to obtain highly productive plant in vitro cultures with respect to CQAs. Among these valuable secondary metabolites, the most abundant compound accumulated in in vitro cultures was 5-CQA (chlorogenic acid). Highly productive cultures with respect to this phenolic acid were Leonurus sibiricus AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures which accumulated above 20 mg g-1 DW 5-CQA. It is known that di- and triCQAs are less common in plants than monoCQAs, but it was also possible to obtain them by biotechnological methods. Conclusion: The results indicate that the various in vitro cultures of different plant species can be a profitable approach for the production of CQAs. In particular, an efficient production of these valuable compounds is possible by Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures, Leonurus sibiricus transformed roots and AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Echinacea angustifolia adventitious shoots, Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed plants, Lavandula viridis shoots, Sausera involucrata cell suspension and Cichorium intybus transformed roots.

Comparison Among Five Eucalyptus Species Based on Their Leaf Contents of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-587
Author(s):  
Alyaa Nasr ◽  
Tehmina Saleem Khan ◽  
Shi-Ping Huang ◽  
Bin Wen ◽  
Jian-Wen Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

Background: Eucalyptus belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is the most planted hardwood forest crop worldwide, representing a global renewable resource of fiber, pharmaceuticals and energy. Objective: To compare the five species, E. maidenii, E. robusta, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis, seeking for the richest source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals. Methodology: Eucalyptus samples were subjected to some chemical determinations for both primary and secondary metabolites to verify their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance related to different extracts. GC-MS analysis was applied to detect the presence of some individual phenolic constituents in their leaves. Results: E. robusta recorded the maximum contents of carbohydrates (40.07%) and protein (31.91%). While E. camaldulensis contained the highest contents of total phenolic compounds (46.56 mg/g), tannins (40.01 mg/g) and antioxidant activities assayed by the phosphomolybednum method (57.60 mg/g), followed by E. citridora. However, E. tereticornis exhibited the highest reducing power ability (151.23 mg/g). The GC-MS highlighted 20 phenolic constituents and antioxidants which varied in their abundance in Eucalyptus leaves, 8 individual phenolics (hydroquinone, hesperitin, pyrogallol, resorcinol, protocatechuic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid and catechin) were maximally recorded with E. camaldulensis and secondly, with E. citridora in case of at least 5 components. Nevertheless, gallic and quinic acids were more abundant in the leaves of E. tereticornis, which may explain its high corresponding reducing powers. Conclusion: Acetone-water combination has enhanced phenolics extraction from Eucalyptus tissues. This is the first report aiming to compare between the aforementioned Eucalyptus species highlighting either their nutritional or medicinal importance.

Plant Extracts and their Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Kinases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill ◽  
Hammad Saleem ◽  
Nafees Ahemad
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Natural Flora

Natural Products (NP), specifically from medicinal plants or herbs, have been extensively utilized to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of ultimate natural sciences as well as therapeutics. Isolation of secondary metabolites from these sources and their respective biological properties, along with their lower toxicities and cost-effectiveness, make them a significant research focus for drug discovery. In recent times, there has been a considerable focus on isolating new chemical entities from natural flora to meet the immense demand for kinase modulators, and also to overcome major unmet medical challenges in relation to signal transduction pathways. The signal transduction systems are amongst the foremost pathways involved in the maintenance of life and protein kinases play an imperative part in these signaling pathways. It is important to find a kinase inhibitor, as it can be used not only to study cell biology but can also be used as a drug candidate for cancer and metabolic disorders. A number of plant extracts and their isolated secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids have exhibited activities against various kinases. In the current review, we have presented a brief overview of some important classes of plant secondary metabolites as kinase modulators. Moreover, a number of phytocompounds with kinase inhibition potential, isolated from different plant species, are also discussed.

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