scholarly journals Patterns of Drought Response of 38 WRKY Transcription Factors of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xitong Fei ◽  
Lixiu Hou ◽  
Jingwei Shi ◽  
Tuxi Yang ◽  
Yulin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

The WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs) includes a number of transcription-specific groupings that play important roles in plant growth and development and in plant responses to various stresses. To screen for WRKY transcription factors associated with drought stress in Zanthoxylum bungeanum, a total of 38 ZbWRKY were identified and these were then classified and identified with Arabidopsis WRKY. Using bioinformatics analyses based on the structural characteristics of the conservative domain, 38 WRKY transcription factors were identified and categorized into three groups: Groups I, II, and III. Of these, Group II can be divided into four subgroups: subgroups IIb, IIc, IId, and IIe. No ZbWRKY members of subgroup IIa were found in the sequencing data. In addition, 38 ZbWRKY were identified by real-time PCR to determine the behavior of this family of genes under drought stress. Twelve ZbWRKY transcription factors were found to be significantly upregulated under drought stress and these were identified by relative quantification. As predicted by the STRING website, the results show that the WRKYs are involved in four signaling pathways—the jasmonic acid (JA), the salicylic acid (SA), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the ethylene signaling pathways. ZbWRKY33 is the most intense transcription factor in response to drought stress. We predict that WRKY33 binds directly to the ethylene synthesis precursor gene ACS6, to promote ethylene synthesis. Ethylene then binds to the ethylene activator release signal to activate a series of downstream genes for cold stress and osmotic responses. The roles of ZbWRKY transcription factors in drought stress rely on a regulatory network center on the JA signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Regulating the Regulators: The Control of Transcription Factors in Plant Defense Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Ng ◽  
Jayami Abeysinghe ◽  
Maedeh Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
External Threats

Being sessile, plants rely on intricate signaling pathways to mount an efficient defense against external threats while maintaining the cost balance for growth. Transcription factors (TFs) form a repertoire of master regulators in controlling various processes of plant development and responses against external stimuli. There are about 58 families of TFs in plants and among them, six major TF families (AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), MYB (myeloblastosis related), NAC (no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2), and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)), WRKY, and bZIP (basic leucine zipper)) are found to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. As master regulators of plant defense, the expression and activities of these TFs are subjected to various transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls, as well as post-translational modifications. Many excellent reviews have discussed the importance of these TFs families in mediating their downstream target signaling pathways in plant defense. In this review, we summarize the molecular regulatory mechanisms determining the expression and activities of these master regulators themselves, providing insights for studying their variation and regulation in crop wild relatives (CWR). With the advance of genome sequencing and the growing collection of re-sequencing data of CWR, now is the time to re-examine and discover CWR for the lost or alternative alleles of TFs. Such approach will facilitate molecular breeding and genetic improvement of domesticated crops, especially in stress tolerance and defense responses, with the aim to address the growing concern of climate change and its impact on agriculture crop production.

scholarly journals WRKY Transcription Factors in Nicotiana tabacum Modulate Plant Immunity against Whitefly via Interacting with MAPK Cascade Pathways

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dan-Mei Yao ◽  
Chi Zou ◽  
Yan-Ni Shu ◽  
Shu-Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Mapk Cascade ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Phloem Feeding

WRKY transcription factors are key regulators of many plant processes, most notably coping with biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, the function of WRKY in plant defense against phloem-feeding insects such as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) has been brought to attention. In this study, we found that the expression levels of Nicotiana tabacum WRKY4, WRKY6 and WRKY10 were significantly upregulated when tobacco plants were infested with whiteflies or treated with salicylic acid. Compared to controls, whiteflies lived longer and laid more eggs on NtWRKY-silenced tobacco plants but performed less well on NtWRKY-overexpressing plants. The three NtWRKYs interacted with five mitogen-activated protein kinases (NtMAPKs) in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that the WRKYs in tobacco positively modulate plant defense against whiteflies through interaction with the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (MAPK cascade) pathways, and thus provide new insights into plant defense against phloem-feeding insects.

scholarly journals Identification of Key Differentially Expressed Transcription Factors in Glioblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gang Qin ◽  
Beiquan Hu ◽  
Xianfeng Li ◽  
Rongjie Li ◽  
Youshi Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Treatment Targets

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Our study focused on uncovering differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their methylation in order to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets. Using GBM RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, DEGs between GBM samples and paracancer tissue samples were analyzed. Enrichment analysis for DEGs and transcription factors (TFs) was performed. A total of 1029 upregulated genes and 1542 downregulated genes were identified, which were associated mainly with multiple tumor-related and immune-related pathways such as cell cycle, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and autoimmune thyroid disease. These DEGs were enriched for 174 TFs, and six TFs were differentially expressed and identified as key TFs in GBM: HOXA3, EN1, ZIC1, and FOXD3 were upregulated, while HLF and EGR3 were downregulated. A total of 1978 DEGs were involved in the regulatory networks of the six key differentially expressed TFs. High expression of EN1 was associated with shorter overall survival, while high expression of EGR3 was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. The six TFs were differentially methylated in GBM samples compared with paracancer tissues. Our study identifies numerous DEGs and their associated pathways as potential contributors to GBM, particularly the TFs EN1, EGR3, HOXA3, ZIC1, FOXD3, and HLF. The differential expression of these TFs may be unlikely driven by aberrant methylation. These TFs may be useful as diagnostic markers and treatment targets in GBM, and EN1 and EGR3 may have predictive prognostic value.

scholarly journals Function and Mechanism of WRKY Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses of Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Weixing Li ◽  
Siyu Pang ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Biao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Different Response

The WRKY gene family is a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) group, playing important roles in many different response pathways of diverse abiotic stresses (drought, saline, alkali, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation, and so forth). In recent years, many studies have explored the role and mechanism of WRKY family members from model plants to agricultural crops and other species. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth and development of plants. Thus, a review of WRKY with stress responses is important to increase our understanding of abiotic stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanism of WRKY transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stress. We also discuss current issues and future perspectives of WRKY transcription factor research.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors and Their Expression Profiles under Different Types of Biological and Abiotic Stress in Pinus massoniana Lamb

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Sheng Yao ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Qingqing Hao ◽  
Kongshu Ji
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb

Pinus massoniana Lamb, an economically important conifer tree, is widely distributed in China. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, biological and abiotic stress. Nevertheless, there is little information about the WRKY genes in P. massoniana. By searching for conserved WRKY motifs in transcriptomic RNA sequencing data for P. massoniana, 31 sequences were identified as WRKY TFs. Then, phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses of the WRKY family in P. massoniana, Pinus taeda and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to classify WRKY genes. The expression patterns of six PmWRKY genes from different groups were determined using real-time quantitative PCR for 2-year-old P. massoniana seedings grown in their natural environment and challenged by phytohormones (salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon), abiotic stress (H2O2) and mechanical damage stress. As a result, the 31 PmWRKY genes identified were divided into three major groups and several subgroups based on structural and phylogenetic features. PmWRKY genes are regulated in response to abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment and may participate in signaling to improve plant stress resistance. Some PmWRKY genes behaved as predicted based on their homology with A. thaliana WRKY genes, but others showed divergent behavior. This systematic analysis lays the foundation for further identification of WRKY gene functions to aid further exploration of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PmWRKY genes in biological and abiotic stress in P. massoniana.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the effects of overexpression of WRKY transcription factors on plant responses to drought stress

BMC Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Wenjing Ping ◽  
Jingtang Chen ◽  
Liying Zhu ◽  
Yongfeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors
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