scholarly journals Olive Oil, Palm Oil, and Hybrid Palm Oil Distinctly Modulate Liver Transcriptome and Induce NAFLD in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sales ◽  
Priscylla Medeiros ◽  
Flavia Spreafico ◽  
Patrícia de Velasco ◽  
Fernanda Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, hybrid palm (HP) oil, or olive (O) oil in liver. Twenty-four male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP, or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a control (C) group fed a chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh–Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (hematoxylin–eosin) and transcriptome (microarray-based) were performed. ANOVA tests with Newman–Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in the P group (p < 0.001) and body fat in the O group (C vs. O p ≤ 0.01, P vs. O p ≤ 0.05, HP vs. O p ≤ 0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed the blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase (p ≤ 0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76 ± 1.58), followed by P (33.94 ± 1.13). O had a fat amount comparable to C (16.46 ± 0.34, 14.71 ± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of the O group were related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, the P group to calcium ion homeostasis, and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concerns about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

The impact of High Fat Diet on bone: potential mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Jie ◽  
Yue-Zhong Ren ◽  
Yi-wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Impact

High-fat diets(HFD)are defined as lipids accounting for exceeded 30% of total energy in-take, and current research is mostly 45% and 60%. With a view of the tendency that patients who...

Abstract 480: Exacerbation of Arterial Stiffness in Obese Adiponectin Deficient Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Murali ◽  
Carla Taylor ◽  
Peter Zahradka ◽  
Jeffrey Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Background and Objective: Arterial stiffness is recognized as being an independent predictor of incipient vascular disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. In obese subjects, the decrease in the plasma level of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic adipokine, is well known. Hence the aim of our study was to examine the effect of loss of adiponectin on the development of arterial stiffness in response to a high fat diet. Methods and Results: Male 8-week old adiponectin knockout (APN KO) and C57BL/6 (control) mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Calories from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (n=10/group). APN KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Calories from fat) and used as lean controls (n=10/group). After 12 weeks on the high fat diet, the APN KO mice weighed significantly more than the C57BL/6 mice (45.1±1.3 g vs 40.1±1.1 g, p=0.0008) but there was no difference in the final weights between genotypes fed the low fat diet. APN KO mice on both high and low fat diets for 12 weeks developed insulin resistance as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (Area under curve (AUC) mmol/L х min = 437±70 and 438±57) as compared to the C57BL/6 mice fed low or high fat diets (AUC mmol/L х min = 251±27 and 245±43). Arterial stiffness was determined by Doppler pulse wave velocity analysis of the femoral artery. Pulse wave velocity was increased in APN KO mice fed a high fat diet relative to those fed the low fat diet (12.56±0.78 cm/s vs 9.47±0.95 cm/s, p=0.0035; n=8-10). Pulse wave velocity was not different between C57BL/6 control mice on the low or high fat diets (10.63±0.73 cm/s and 10.86±0.50 cm/s), thus revealing that only mice deficient in adiponectin developed arterial stiffness in response to high fat diet. Conclusions: Potentiation of the vascular stiffness in diet-induced obese APN KO mice indicates that adiponectin has a role in modulating vascular structure and the APN KO mouse models the vascular changes that occur in human obesity and metabolic disorders. Morphometric analysis of the aortic tissues for vessel thickness and expression of extracellular proteins will further validate the potential role of adiponectin on the maintenance of arterial elasticity in addition to its known effect on eNOS mediated vasoprotection.

scholarly journals Metabolic Flexibility: Interplay of Diet Composition and Intermittent Fasting on Healthspan (P08-053-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wong ◽  
Rafael de Cabo ◽  
Michel Bernier ◽  
Alberto Diaz-Ruiz ◽  
Tyler Rhinesmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives 4:10 periodic fasting schedule is proposed to improve biomarkers of healthspan through metabolic flexibility in mice on both standard and high fat diets. Methods Our study adopted the 4:10 fasting schedule using the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) as our model. FMD is a plant-based, low-protein, and low-sugar diet regime implemented for four days every two-week cycle. Its regenerative effect is observed in the refeeding phase following starvation, allowing for the breakdown of cells via increased autophagy. In comparison to stricter fasting regimes such as intermittent fasting, chronic caloric restriction, and periodic fasting, FMD is well-tolerated in the clinical setting. 74 12-month old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two diet groups: standard diet or high-fat diet. For 4 days out of every fourteen days, the mice were severely caloric restricted and refed with ad-libitum of either standard or high fat diets for the remaining 10 days, matching the controls who were fixed on the ad-libitum diet. The 4:10 fasting schedule was repeated 11 times before the mice were sacrificed. To measure metabolic flexibility, metabolic cages, ELISA, and glucose meters were used. Results Body weight and composition, metabolic flexibility, and insulin sensitivity indicate differences between fasting on diet composition. Not only did those on the fasting high-fat diet (FHFD) remain overweight, identical to their HFD controls, insulin sensitivity was also attenuated in FHFD groups. Fasting standard diet (FSD) had a reduction of 5% in body weight and 15% in body fat. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism differences indicated by the respiratory exchange ratio as well as motor function performance differences further support the positive impact of fasting on SD groups, not HFD groups. Characteristic of positive healthspan biomarkers, reduced leptin and improved insulin sensitivity was observed with FSD, not FHFD. Conclusions We found that while the FMD schedule improved healthspan as indicated by biomarkers of healthy aging for mice on the standard diet, it could not counteract the negative health effects of the obesogenic diet. These results demonstrate the importance of not only time of feeding but also diet composition in respect to healthspan. Funding Sources National Institute on Aging (NIA) – National Institutes of Health (NIH).

scholarly journals Effects of monobutyrin and tributyrin on liver lipid profile, caecal microbiota composition and SCFA in high-fat diet-fed rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Duy Nguyen ◽  
Olena Prykhodko ◽  
Frida Fåk Hållenius ◽  
Margareta Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

AbstractButyric acid has been shown to have suppressive effects on inflammation and diseases related to the intestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementation of two glycerol esters, monobutyrin (MB) and tributyrin (TB), would reach the hindgut of rats, thus having an effect on the caecal profile of SCFA, microbiota composition and some risk markers associated with chronic inflammation. For this purpose, rats were fed high-fat diets after adding MB (1 and 5 g/kg) and TB (5 g/kg) to a diet without any supplementation (high-fat control; HFC). A low-fat (LF) diet was also included. In the liver, total cholesterol concentrations, LDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL:HDL ratio, and succinic acid concentrations were reduced in rats given the MB and TB (5 g/kg) diets, compared with the group fed the HFC diet. These effects were more pronounced in MB than TB groups as also expressed by down-regulation of the gene Cyp8b1. The composition of the caecal microbiota in rats fed MB and TB was separated from the group fed the HFC diet, and also the LF diet, as evidenced by the absence of the phylum TM7 and reduced abundance of the genera Dorea (similar to LF-fed rats) and rc4-4. Notably, the caecal abundance of Mucispirillum was markedly increased in the MB group compared with the HFC group. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of MB and TB can be used to counteract disturbances associated with a HFC diet, by altering the gut microbiota, and decreasing liver lipids and succinic acid concentrations.

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