scholarly journals Plant Hormone Signaling Crosstalks between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Shan Ku ◽  
Mariz Sintaha ◽  
Ming-Yan Cheung ◽  
Hon-Ming Lam
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Calcium Sensors ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

In the natural environment, plants are often bombarded by a combination of abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat or cold) and biotic (necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens) stresses simultaneously. It is critical to understand how the various response pathways to these stresses interact with one another within the plants, and where the points of crosstalk occur which switch the responses from one pathway to another. Calcium sensors are often regarded as the first line of response to external stimuli to trigger downstream signaling. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone regulating stress responses, and it interacts with the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways to channel resources into mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses versus defending against pathogens. The signal transduction in these pathways are often carried out via GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which comprise of a large group of proteins that are varied in structures and functions. Deciphering the combined actions of these different signaling pathways in plants would greatly enhance the ability of breeders to develop food crops that can thrive in deteriorating environmental conditions under climate change, and that can maintain or even increase crop yield.

scholarly journals Plant Autophagy: An Intricate Process Controlled by Various Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Jingyi Han ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yanxiu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling ◽  
External Signals

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process used widely across plant cells to degrade cellular material and is an important regulator of plant growth and various environmental stress responses in plants. The initiation and dynamics of autophagy in plant cells are precisely controlled according to the developmental stage of the plant and changes in the environment, which are transduced into intracellular signaling pathways. These signaling pathways often regulate autophagy by mediating TOR (Target of Rapamycin) kinase activity, an important regulator of autophagy initiation; however, some also act via TOR-independent pathways. Under nutrient starvation, TOR activity is suppressed through glucose or ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling, thereby promoting the initiation of autophagy. Under stresses, autophagy can be regulated by the regulatory networks connecting stresses, ROS and plant hormones, and in turn, autophagy regulates ROS levels and hormone signaling. This review focuses on the latest research progress in the mechanism of different external signals regulating autophagy.

scholarly journals Evolution of Plant Hormone Response Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Blázquez ◽  
David C. Nelson ◽  
Dolf Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

This review focuses on the evolution of plant hormone signaling pathways. Like the chemical nature of the hormones themselves, the signaling pathways are diverse. Therefore, we focus on a group of hormones whose primary perception mechanism involves an Skp1/Cullin/F-box-type ubiquitin ligase: auxin, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid, and strigolactone. We begin with a comparison of the core signaling pathways of these four hormones, which have been established through studies conducted in model organisms in the Angiosperms. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and advanced tools for genetic manipulation, the door to understanding the origins of hormone signaling mechanisms in plants beyond these few model systems has opened. For example, in-depth phylogenetic analyses of hormone signaling components are now being complemented by genetic studies in early diverging land plants. Here we discuss recent investigations of how basal land plants make and sense hormones. Finally, we propose connections between the emergence of hormone signaling complexity and major developmental transitions in plant evolution.

ZmCLA4 regulates leaf angle through multiple hormone signaling pathways in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Dou ◽  
Shengbo Han ◽  
Liru Cao ◽  
Lixia Ku ◽  
Huafeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

Abstract Leaf angle (LA) is an important agronomic trait in cereals that shares a close relationship with crop architecture and grain yield. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCLA4 can influence LA, the underlying mechanism of it remains unclear. In this study, we used Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transactivation analysis to demonstrate that ZmCLA4 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates LA. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmCLA4 mainly binds to the promoters containing the EAR motif (CACCGGAC) as well as two motifs (CCGARGS and CDTCNTC) to inhibit the expression of its target genes. Further analysis of ZmCLA4 target genes indicated that ZmCLA4 functions as a hub of multiple plant hormone signaling pathways because ZmCLA4 was found to directly bind to the promoters of multiple genes including ZmARF22 and ZmIAA26 in the auxin transport pathway, ZmBZR3 in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, two ZmWRKY genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism, ZmCYP genes (ZmCYP75B1, ZmCYP93D1) related to jasmonic acid metabolism, and ZmABI3 involved in the ethylene response pathway. Overall, our work provides deep insights into the regulatory network of ZmCLA4 in controlling LA in maize.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Plant Natriuretic Peptide Is a Novel Interactor of Rubisco Activase

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ilona Turek ◽  
Chris Gehring ◽  
Helen Irving
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Affinity Isolation ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Identification ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens

Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are a group of systemically acting peptidic hormones affecting solute and solvent homeostasis and responses to biotrophic pathogens. Although an increasing body of evidence suggests PNPs modulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress, which could lead to their potential biotechnological application by conferring increased stress tolerance to plants, the exact mode of PNPs action is still elusive. In order to gain insight into PNP-dependent signalling, we set out to identify interactors of PNP present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, termed AtPNP-A. Here, we report identification of rubisco activase (RCA), a central regulator of photosynthesis converting Rubisco catalytic sites from a closed to an open conformation, as an interactor of AtPNP-A through affinity isolation followed by mass spectrometric identification. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses reveals that the full-length recombinant AtPNP-A and the biologically active fragment of AtPNP-A bind specifically to RCA, whereas a biologically inactive scrambled peptide fails to bind. These results are considered in the light of known functions of PNPs, PNP-like proteins, and RCA in biotic and abiotic stress responses.

Something ancient and something neofunctionalized—evolution of land plant hormone signaling pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L Bowman ◽  
Liam N Briginshaw ◽  
Tom J Fisher ◽  
Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

scholarly journals CaSBP11 Participates in the Defense Response of Pepper to Phytophthora capsici through Regulating the Expression of Defense-Related Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9065
Author(s):  
Huai-Xia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Feng ◽  
Jing-Hao Jin ◽  
Abid Khan ◽  
Wei-Li Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein ◽  
Family Gene

Squamosa promoter binding protein (SBP)-box genes are plant-specific transcription factors involved in plant growth and development, morphogenesis and biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, these genes have been understudied in pepper, especially with respect to defense responses to Phytophthora capsici infection. CaSBP11 is a SBP-box family gene in pepper that was identified in our previous research. Silencing CaSBP11 enhanced the defense response of pepper plants to Phytophthora capsici. Without treatment, the expression of defense-related genes (CaBPR1, CaPO1, CaSAR8.2 and CaDEF1) increased in CaSBP11-silenced plants. However, the expression levels of these genes were inhibited under transient CaSBP11 expression. CaSBP11 overexpression in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana decreased defense responses, while in Arabidopsis, it induced or inhibited the expression of genes in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. CaSBP11 overexpression in sid2-2 mutants induced AtNPR1, AtNPR3, AtNPR4, AtPAD4, AtEDS1, AtEDS5, AtMPK4 and AtNDR1 expression, while AtSARD1 and AtTGA6 expression was inhibited. CaSBP11 overexpression in coi1-21 and coi1-22 mutants, respectively, inhibited AtPDF1.2 expression and induced AtPR1 expression. These results indicate CaSBP11 has a negative regulatory effect on defense responses to Phytophthora capsici. Moreover, it may participate in the defense response of pepper to Phytophthora capsici by regulating defense-related genes and the salicylic and jasmonic acid-mediated disease resistance signaling pathways.

Calcium sensors and their stress signaling pathways in plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Zhong ZHENG ◽  
Jin-Qiu SHEN ◽  
Wei-Huai PAN ◽  
Jian-Wei PAN
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Calcium Sensors
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