ZmCLA4 regulates leaf angle through multiple hormone signaling pathways in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Dou ◽  
Shengbo Han ◽  
Liru Cao ◽  
Lixia Ku ◽  
Huafeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

Abstract Leaf angle (LA) is an important agronomic trait in cereals that shares a close relationship with crop architecture and grain yield. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCLA4 can influence LA, the underlying mechanism of it remains unclear. In this study, we used Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transactivation analysis to demonstrate that ZmCLA4 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates LA. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmCLA4 mainly binds to the promoters containing the EAR motif (CACCGGAC) as well as two motifs (CCGARGS and CDTCNTC) to inhibit the expression of its target genes. Further analysis of ZmCLA4 target genes indicated that ZmCLA4 functions as a hub of multiple plant hormone signaling pathways because ZmCLA4 was found to directly bind to the promoters of multiple genes including ZmARF22 and ZmIAA26 in the auxin transport pathway, ZmBZR3 in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, two ZmWRKY genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism, ZmCYP genes (ZmCYP75B1, ZmCYP93D1) related to jasmonic acid metabolism, and ZmABI3 involved in the ethylene response pathway. Overall, our work provides deep insights into the regulatory network of ZmCLA4 in controlling LA in maize.

scholarly journals Plant Hormone Signaling Crosstalks between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Shan Ku ◽  
Mariz Sintaha ◽  
Ming-Yan Cheung ◽  
Hon-Ming Lam
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Calcium Sensors ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

In the natural environment, plants are often bombarded by a combination of abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat or cold) and biotic (necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens) stresses simultaneously. It is critical to understand how the various response pathways to these stresses interact with one another within the plants, and where the points of crosstalk occur which switch the responses from one pathway to another. Calcium sensors are often regarded as the first line of response to external stimuli to trigger downstream signaling. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone regulating stress responses, and it interacts with the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways to channel resources into mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses versus defending against pathogens. The signal transduction in these pathways are often carried out via GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which comprise of a large group of proteins that are varied in structures and functions. Deciphering the combined actions of these different signaling pathways in plants would greatly enhance the ability of breeders to develop food crops that can thrive in deteriorating environmental conditions under climate change, and that can maintain or even increase crop yield.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Ahmed Malki ◽  
Rasha Abu ElRuz ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Asma Allouch ◽  
Semir Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Colon Cancer Progression ◽  
Crc Management

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality rates worldwide. Although modern research was able to shed light on the pathogenesis of CRC and provide enhanced screening strategies, the prevalence of CRC is still on the rise. Studies showed several cellular signaling pathways dysregulated in CRC, leading to the onset of malignant phenotypes. Therefore, analyzing signaling pathways involved in CRC metastasis is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism of CRC progression and pharmacotherapy. This review focused on target genes as well as various cellular signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, p53, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Notch, VEGF, and JAKs/STAT3, which are associated with CRC progression and metastasis. Additionally, alternations in methylation patterns in relation with signaling pathways involved in regulating various cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, transcription, apoptosis, and angiogenesis as well as invasion and metastasis were also reviewed. To date, understanding the genomic and epigenomic instability has identified candidate biomarkers that are validated for routine clinical use in CRC management. Nevertheless, better understanding of the onset and progression of CRC can aid in the development of early detection molecular markers and risk stratification methods to improve the clinical care of CRC patients.

scholarly journals Nociceptor translational profiling reveals the RagA-mTORC1 network as a critical generator of neuropathic pain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Megat ◽  
Pradipta R. Ray ◽  
Jamie K. Moy ◽  
Tzu-Fang Lou ◽  
Paulino Barragan-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Mtorc1 Activation

AbstractPain sensing neurons, nociceptors, are key drivers of neuropathic pain. We used translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to comprehensively characterize up-and down-regulated mRNA translation in Scn10a-positive nociceptors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. We provide evidence that an underlying mechanism driving these changes in gene expression is a sustained mTORC1 activation driven by MNK1-eIF4E signaling. RagA, a GTPase controlling mTORC1 activity, is identified as a novel target of MNK1-eIF4E signaling, demonstrating a new link between these distinct signaling pathways. Neuropathic pain and RagA translation are strongly attenuated by genetic ablation of eIF4E phosphorylation, MNK1 elimination or treatment with the MNK inhibitor eFT508. We reveal a novel translational circuit for the genesis of neuropathic pain with important implications for next generation neuropathic pain therapeutics.One Sentence SummaryCell-specific sequencing of translating mRNAs elucidates signaling pathology that can be targeted to reverse neuropathic pain

scholarly journals Evolution of Plant Hormone Response Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Blázquez ◽  
David C. Nelson ◽  
Dolf Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

This review focuses on the evolution of plant hormone signaling pathways. Like the chemical nature of the hormones themselves, the signaling pathways are diverse. Therefore, we focus on a group of hormones whose primary perception mechanism involves an Skp1/Cullin/F-box-type ubiquitin ligase: auxin, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid, and strigolactone. We begin with a comparison of the core signaling pathways of these four hormones, which have been established through studies conducted in model organisms in the Angiosperms. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and advanced tools for genetic manipulation, the door to understanding the origins of hormone signaling mechanisms in plants beyond these few model systems has opened. For example, in-depth phylogenetic analyses of hormone signaling components are now being complemented by genetic studies in early diverging land plants. Here we discuss recent investigations of how basal land plants make and sense hormones. Finally, we propose connections between the emergence of hormone signaling complexity and major developmental transitions in plant evolution.

scholarly journals Small RNAs, Degradome, and Transcriptome Sequencing Provide Insights into Papaya Fruit Ripening Regulated by 1-MCP

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Jiahui Cai ◽  
Ziling Wu ◽  
Yanwei Hao ◽  
Yuanlong Liu ◽  
Zunyang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Signal Pathways

As an inhibitor of ethylene receptors, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) can delay the ripening of papaya. However, improper 1-MCP treatment will cause a rubbery texture in papaya. Understanding of the underlying mechanism is still lacking. In the present work, a comparative sRNA analysis was conducted after different 1-MCP treatments and identified a total of 213 miRNAs, of which 44 were known miRNAs and 169 were novel miRNAs in papaya. Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal pathways play an important role in fruit ripening. Through the comparative analysis of sRNAs and transcriptome sequencing, a total of 11 miRNAs and 12 target genes were associated with the ethylene and auxin signaling pathways. A total of 1741 target genes of miRNAs were identified by degradome sequencing, and nine miRNAs and eight miRNAs were differentially expressed under the ethylene and auxin signaling pathways, respectively. The network regulation diagram of miRNAs and target genes during fruit ripening was drawn. The expression of 11 miRNAs and 12 target genes was verified by RT-qPCR. The target gene verification showed that cpa-miR390a and cpa-miR396 target CpARF19-like and CpERF RAP2-12-like, respectively, affecting the ethylene and auxin signaling pathways and, therefore, papaya ripening.

scholarly journals Cross-Species Root Transcriptional Network Analysis Highlights Conserved Modules in Response to Nitrate between Maize and Sorghum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Hongyang Du ◽  
Lihua Ning ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Yuancong Wang ◽  
Min Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Transcriptional Repressors ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to respond to the fluctuation of available nitrogen (N) in soil, but the genetic mechanisms underlying the N response in crops are not well-documented. In this study, we generated a time series of NO3−-mediated transcriptional profiles in roots of maize and sorghum, respectively. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified modules of co-expressed genes that related to NO3− treatments. A cross-species comparison revealed 22 conserved modules, of which four were related to hormone signaling, suggesting that hormones participate in the early nitrate response. Three other modules are composed of genes that are mainly upregulated by NO3− and involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, including NRT, NIR, NIA, FNR, and G6PD2. Two G2-like transcription factors (ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1), induced by NO3− stimulation, were identified as hub transcription factors (TFs) in the modules. Transient assays demonstrated that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are transcriptional repressors. We identified the target genes of ZmNIGT1 by DNA affinity-purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) and found that they were significantly enriched in catalytic activity, including carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrient metabolism. A set of ZmNIGT1 targets encode transcription factors (ERF, ARF, and AGL) that are involved in hormone signaling and root development. We propose that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are negative regulators of nitrate responses that play an important role in optimizing nutrition metabolism and root morphogenesis. Together with conserved N responsive modules, our study indicated that, to encounter N variation in soil, maize and sorghum have evolved an NO3−-regulatory network containing a set of conserved modules and transcription factors.

Something ancient and something neofunctionalized—evolution of land plant hormone signaling pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L Bowman ◽  
Liam N Briginshaw ◽  
Tom J Fisher ◽  
Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Plant Hormone Signaling

scholarly journals ZmIBH1-1 regulates plant architecture in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2943-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Cao ◽  
Haixia Zeng ◽  
Lixia Ku ◽  
Zhenzhen Ren ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Regulatory Model

Abstract Leaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait in maize, with more upright leaves allowing higher planting density, leading to more efficient light capture and higher yields. A few genes responsible for variation in LA have been identified by map-based cloning. In this study, we cloned maize ZmIBH1-1, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor with both a basic binding region and a helix-loop-helix domain, and the results of qRT-PCR showed that it is a negative regulator of LA. Histological analysis indicated that changes in LA were mainly caused by differential cell wall lignification and cell elongation in the ligular region. To determine the regulatory framework of ZmIBH1-1, we conducted RNA-seq and DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq analyses. The combined results revealed 59 ZmIBH1-1-modulated target genes with annotations, and they were mainly related to the cell wall, cell development, and hormones. Based on the data, we propose a regulatory model for the control of plant architecture by ZmIBH1-1 in maize.

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