scholarly journals The Effect of Pectinase-Assisted Extraction on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polysaccharides from Aster scaber

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ran Song ◽  
Su-Kyung Sung ◽  
Eun-Ju Shin ◽  
Chang-Won Cho ◽  
Chun-Ji Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages

The edible and medicinal perennial herb Aster scaber is known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the biological effects of its polysaccharides are not well understood. Here, we aimed to extract novel polysaccharides with enhanced biological properties from Aster scaber using enzyme-assisted methods. Amylase, cellulase, and pectinase were used to extract enzyme-assisted polysaccharide (ASEP)-A, ASEP-C, and ASEP-P, respectively. The yields, physicochemical properties, and immunostimulatory activities of the polysaccharides were investigated and compared with those of hot water extracted polysaccharide (ASWP). The highest yield (3.8%) was achieved for ASEP-P extracted using pectinase digestion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemical composition analysis revealed that ASWP and three ASEPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides, mainly comprising rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Immunostimulatory activity assays on RAW264.7 macrophages showed ASEP-P to have the greatest immunostimulatory potential in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions and phagocytic activity. ASEP-P administration improved immune-enhancing effects in normal mice by improving the spleen index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and in immunosuppressed mice by modulating lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and leukocyte counts. The ASEP-P derived from pectinase hydrolysate of Aster scaber demonstrated efficacious immunostimulatory properties and has potential applications as an immune stimulator.

N-acetylcysteine does not affect the lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity responses to exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. R1227-R1231
Author(s):  
H. B. Nielsen ◽  
N. H. Secher ◽  
M. Kappel ◽  
B. K. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergometer Rowing

This study evaluated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates the reduced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity responses to exercise in humans. Fourteen oarsmen were double-blind randomized to either NAC (6 g daily for 3 days) or placebo groups. During 6-min “all-out” ergometer rowing, the concentration of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased, with no significant difference between NAC and placebo as reflected in lymphocyte subsets: CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells. The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 9,112 ± 2,865 to 5,851 ± 1,588 cpm ( P < 0.05), but it was not affected by NAC. During exercise, the NK cell activity was elevated from 17 ± 3 to 38 ± 4% and it decreased to 7 ± 1% below the resting value 2 h into recovery. Yet, when evaluated as lytic units per CD16+ cell, the NK cell activity decreased during and after exercise without a significant effect of NAC. We conclude that NAC does not attenuate the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity associated with intense exercise.

NK Cell Activity and T-Lymphocyte Proliferation in Healthy Centenarians

1992 ◽  
Vol 663 (1 Aging and Cel) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SANSONI ◽  
V. BRIANTI ◽  
F. FAGNONI ◽  
G. SNELLI ◽  
A. MARCATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation

Effect of Acute Pain on Splenic NK Cell Activity, Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Production Activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sharify ◽  
Mahmoud Mahmoudi ◽  
Maryam Hosseinali Izad ◽  
Mir-Jamal Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Sharify
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Polysaccharide fromChlorophytum borivilianumRoots

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Thakur ◽  
Paul Connellan ◽  
Myrna A. Deseo ◽  
Carol Morris ◽  
Vinod K. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Nk Cell Activity

Chlorophytum borivilianumSantapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae) is an ayurvedicRasayanaherb with immunostimulating properties. The polysaccharide fraction (CBP) derived from hot water extraction ofC. borivilianum(CB), comprising of~31% inulin-type fructans and~25% acetylated mannans (of hot water-soluble extract), was evaluated for its effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity (in vitro). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from whole blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient, were tested in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of eachC. borivilianumfraction for modulation of NK cell cytotoxic activity toward K562 cells. Preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation against P388 cells was performed to establish non-cytotoxic concentrations of the different fractions.Testing showed the observed significant stimulation of NK cell activity to be due to the CBP ofC. borivilianum. Furthermore,in vivoevaluation carried out on Wistar strain albino rats for humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and immunoglobulin-level determination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), exhibited an effectiveness ofC. borivilianumaqueous extract in improving immune function. Present results provide useful information for understanding the role of CBP in modulating immune function.

scholarly journals Nutrition and cellular immunity in hospital patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline S. Dowd ◽  
J. Kelleher ◽  
B. E. Walker ◽  
P. J. Guillou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Con A

1. The interrelations between nutritional and ccllular immune function measurements were studied in seventy patients suffering from various degrees of malnutrition. They included patients with liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, neoplastic disease, neurological patients, post-operative surgical patients and patients with respiratory problems.2. Nutritional measurements included: anthropometry, serum proteins, various vitamins and trace elements, and a prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated.3. Immunological measurements included: (1) natural killer (NK) cell activity, (2) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), (3) lymphocyte proliferation in response to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in both AB and autologous serum.4. There was no association between anthropometric measurements and tests of immune function.5. The lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation in the malnourished patients was depressed in autologous serum compared with the response of the same lymphocytes in pooled AB serum. The lymphocyte proliferation in response to Con A correlated with transferrin in autologous serum (r 0.46, n 49, P < 0.0 I ) and to a lesser extent in AB serum (r 0.33, n 51, P < 0.05). There was a difference in the Con A-stimulated tritiated-thymidine uptake between patients with low and normal serum zinc levels (P < 0.05) for cultures performed in autologous serum, but not AB serum.6. There was a significant correlation between NK cell activity and vitamin C (r 0.43, n 60, P < 0.01). There was no relation between nutritional measurements and ADCC or the lymphocyte response to stimulation with PHA or PWM.7. The results suggest that the severity of overall malnutrition does not influence several different aspects of the cellular immune response. However, the results do suggest that certain individual nutrients, particularly vitamin C and Zn, do influence the immunoreactivity of different lymphocyte subpopulations.

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