scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Mediated Modulation of Energy Expenditure

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 16158-16175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Vaitkus ◽  
Jared Farrar ◽  
Francesco Celi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals The Small Polyphenolic Molecule Kaempferol Increases Cellular Energy Expenditure and Thyroid Hormone Activation

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. da-Silva ◽  
J. W. Harney ◽  
B. W. Kim ◽  
J. Li ◽  
S. D.C. Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cellular Energy

Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 439 (7075) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Sander M. Houten ◽  
Chikage Mataki ◽  
Marcelo A. Christoffolete ◽  
Brian W. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bile Acids

scholarly journals Liver X receptor β controls thyroid hormone feedback in the brain and regulates browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (45) ◽  
pp. 14006-14011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Miao ◽  
Wanfu Wu ◽  
Yubing Dai ◽  
Laure Maneix ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

The recent discovery of browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has raised great research interest because of its significant potential in counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes. Browning is the result of the induction in WAT of a newly discovered type of adipocyte, the beige cell. When mice are exposed to cold or several kinds of hormones or treatments with chemicals, specific depots of WAT undergo a browning process, characterized by highly activated mitochondria and increased heat production and energy expenditure. However, the mechanisms underlying browning are still poorly understood. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are one class of nuclear receptors, which play a vital role in regulating cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose metabolism. Following our previous finding that LXRs serve as repressors of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in classic brown adipose tissue in female mice, we found that LXRs, especially LXRβ, also repress the browning process of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in male rodents fed a normal diet. Depletion of LXRs activated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-releasing hormone (TRH)-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus area of the hypothalamus and thus stimulated secretion of TSH from the pituitary. Consequently, production of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland and circulating thyroid hormone level were increased. Moreover, the activity of thyroid signaling in SAT was markedly increased. Together, our findings have uncovered the basis of increased energy expenditure in male LXR knockout mice and provided support for targeting LXRs in treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals The Role of Nuclear Receptor Corepressors NCoR1 and SMRT on Physiologic Function in the Adult Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A979-A979
Author(s):  
Megan J Ritter ◽  
Izuki Amano ◽  
Lorraine Soares De Oliveira ◽  
Kristen R Vella ◽  
Anthony Neil Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lethal Phenotype ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Physiologic Function

Abstract Thyroid hormone (TH) plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolism in all organ systems beginning with embryogenesis and continuing throughout life. TH action is mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor (TR), which is a nuclear receptor, and it’s coregulators. The nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) and the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) are two critical corepressors of the TR that inhibit gene transcription in the absence of TH. Repression is mediated by complexing with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), which is stabilized by NCoR1 and SMRT. NCoR1 and SMRT are critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and act to mediate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and body weight. We sought to elucidate the roles of NCoR1 and SMRT in maintaining global physiologic function in the adult mouse. In order to study the post-natal role of these corepressors, we used a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (UBC-Cre-ERT2) to knock-out (KO) NCoR1, SMRT, or NCoR1 and SMRT together in adult mice because global deletion of either corepressor during embryogenesis is lethal. Mice were injected with tamoxifen at 8 weeks of age to KO either NCoR1 (NCoR1-KO; NKO), SMRT (SMRT-KO; SKO), or both NCoR1 and SMRT (double KO; DKO) and metabolic parameters were analyzed. While postnatal deletion of either NCoR1 or SMRT did not impact mortality, KO of both NCoR1 and SMRT resulted in a rapidly lethal phenotype heralded by weight loss, hypoglycemia and hypothermia. Metabolic phenotyping confirmed a loss of body mass and in particular fat mass in addition to a reduction in energy expenditure and increase in fecal caloric density. Further analysis showed the rapid development of hepatosteatosis and disturbances in lipid metabolism with a profound increase in beta-oxidation. We also found a reduction in HDAC3 protein levels in the DKO mice but no rapidly lethal phenotype in HDAC3 KO mice. Overall, we show that NCoR1 and SMRT together are critical for life as their deletion results in a rapidly lethal phenotype. While NCoR1 and SMRT are required to stabilize the corepressor complex, including HDAC3, HDAC3 KO resulted in a distinct and separate phenotype.

scholarly journals Quantifying energy expenditure in childhood: utility in managing pediatric metabolic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191
Author(s):  
Laura P E Watson ◽  
Katherine S Carr ◽  
Michelle C Venables ◽  
Carlo L Acerini ◽  
Greta Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACT Background Energy expenditure prediction equations are used to estimate energy intake based on general population measures. However, when using equations to compare with a disease cohort with known metabolic abnormalities, it is important to derive one's own equations based on measurement conditions matching the disease cohort. Objective We aimed to use newly developed prediction equations based on a healthy pediatric population to describe and predict resting energy expenditure (REE) in a cohort of pediatric patients with thyroid disorders. Methods Body composition was measured by DXA and REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry in 201 healthy participants. A prediction equation for REE was derived in 100 healthy participants using multiple linear regression and z scores were calculated. The equation was validated in 101 healthy participants. This method was applied to participants with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) disorders, due to mutations in either thyroid hormone receptor β or α (β: female n = 17, male n = 9; α: female n = 1, male n = 1), with deviation of REE in patients compared with the healthy population presented by the difference in z scores. Results The prediction equation for REE = 0.061 * Lean soft tissue (kg) − 0.138 * Sex (0 male, 1 female) + 2.41 (R2 = 0.816). The mean ± SD of the residuals is −0.02 ± 0.44 kJ/min. Mean ± SD REE z scores for RTHβ patients are −0.02 ± 1.26. z Scores of −1.69 and −2.05 were recorded in male (n = 1) and female ( n = 1) RTHα patients. Conclusions We have described methodology whereby differences in REE between patients with a metabolic disorder and healthy participants can be expressed as a z score. This approach also enables change in REE after a clinical intervention (e.g., thyroxine treatment of RTHα) to be monitored.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Induced Brown Adipose Tissue and Amelioration of Diabetes in a Patient with Extreme Insulin Resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Skarulis ◽  
Francesco S. Celi ◽  
Elisabetta Mueller ◽  
Marina Zemskova ◽  
Rana Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Context: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) found by positron emission/computed tomography (PET-CT) using flouro-deoxyglucose (FDG) is inducible by cold exposure in men. Factors leading to increased BAT are of great interest for its potential role in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Objective: We tested whether thyroid hormone (TH) levels are related to the volume and activity of BAT in a patient with a mutation in the insulin receptor gene. Design/Setting/Intervention: Our work was based on the case report of a patient in an observational study at the National Institutes of Health. Patient: The patient discontinued insulin and oral antidiabetics after thyroidectomy and suppressive-dose levothyroxine therapy for thyroid cancer. PET-CT uptake in BAT was confirmed by histology and molecular analysis. Outcomes: PET-CT studies were performed, and we measured hemoglobin A1c and resting energy expenditure before and after levothyroxine discontinuation for thyroid cancer testing. Molecular studies of BAT and white adipose samples are presented. Result: Supraclavicular and periumbilical sc adipose tissue demonstrated molecular features of BAT including uncoupling protein-1, type 2 deiodinase, and PR domain containing 16 by quantitative PCR. Activity of type 2 deiodinase activity was increased. The discontinuation of levothyroxine resulted in decreased FDG uptake and diminished volume of BAT depots accompanied by worsening of diabetic control. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the TH effect on BAT activity and volume in this patient and an association between BAT activity and glucose levels in this patient. Because the contribution of TH on skeletal muscle energy expenditure and fuel metabolism was not assessed, an association between BAT activity and glucose homeostasis can only be suggested.

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