scholarly journals Microscopic Investigation of Reversible Nanoscale Surface Size Dependent Protein Conjugation

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2348-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige Yokoyama ◽  
Hyunah Cho ◽  
Sean Cullen ◽  
Matthew Kowalik ◽  
Nicole Briglio ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Schmid ◽  
Matthew H. Bakalar ◽  
Kaushik Choudhuri ◽  
Julian Weichsel ◽  
Hyoung Sook Ann ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2865-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha-Matti Alakoskela ◽  
Apurba L. Koner ◽  
Dominika Rudnicka ◽  
Karsten Köhler ◽  
Mark Howarth ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (42) ◽  
pp. 18040-18046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Ya-Hong Zhang ◽  
Nan Ren ◽  
Yi Tang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsuk Kwak ◽  
Kaden M. Southard ◽  
Nam Hyeong Kim ◽  
Ramu Gopalappa ◽  
Woon Ryoung Kim ◽  
...  

Aberrant cleavage of Notch and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) by γ-secretase is implicated in numerous diseases, but how cleavage is regulated in space and time is unclear. Here, we report that cadherin-based adherens junctions (cadAJs) are sites of high cell-surface γ-secretase activity, while simultaneously excluding these γ-secretase substrates by a size-dependent mechanism, prohibiting enzyme-substrate interactions. Upon activation, Notch and APP undergo drastic spatial rearrangements to cadAJs, concentrating them with γ-secretase, wherein they are further processed for downstream signaling. Spatial mutation by decreasing (or increasing) the size of Notch extracellular domain promotes (or inhibits) signaling, respectively. Dysregulation of this spatial switch also promotes formation of more amyloidogenic Aβ. Therefore, cadAJs creates distinct biochemical compartments regulating signaling events involving γ-secretase and prevent pathogenic activation of its substrates.


ACS Omega ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 4772-4778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Malekian ◽  
Ivan Maximov ◽  
Rainer Timm ◽  
Tommy Cedervall ◽  
Dan Hessman

Author(s):  
M. A. Listvan ◽  
R. P. Andres

Knowledge of the function and structure of small metal clusters is one goal of research in catalysis. One important experimental parameter is cluster size. Ideally, one would like to produce metal clusters of regulated size in order to characterize size-dependent cluster properties.A source has been developed which is capable of producing microscopic metal clusters of controllable size (in the range 5-500 atoms) This source, the Multiple Expansion Cluster Source, with a Free Jet Deceleration Filter (MECS/FJDF) operates as follows. The bulk metal is heated in an oven to give controlled concentrations of monomer and dimer which were expanded sonically. These metal species were quenched and condensed in He and filtered to produce areosol particles of a controlled size as verified by mass spectrometer measurements. The clusters were caught on pre-mounted, clean carbon films. The grids were then transferred in air for microscopic examination. MECS/FJDF was used to produce two different sizes of silver clusters for this study: nominally Ag6 and Ag50.


Author(s):  
Lawrence W. Ortiz ◽  
Bonnie L. Isom

A procedure is described for the quantitative transfer of fibers and particulates collected on membrane filters to electron microscope (EM) grids. Various Millipore MF filters (Millipore AA, HA, GS, and VM; 0.8, 0.45, 0.22 and 0.05 μm mean pore size) have been used with success. Observed particle losses have not been size dependent and have not exceeded 10%. With fibers (glass or asbestos) as the collected media this observed loss is approximately 3%.


Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.


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