scholarly journals Network Characteristics and Vulnerability Analysis of Chinese Railway Network under Earthquake Disasters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Lingzhi Yin ◽  
Yafei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The internal structure and operation rules of railway network have become increasingly complex along with the expansion of the network, putting a higher demand on the development of the railway and the reliability and adaptability of the railway under earthquake disasters. The theory and method concerning complex railway network can well capture the internal structure of railway facilities system and the relationship between subsystems. However, most of the research focuses on the vulnerability based on the logical network of railway, deviating from the actual spatial location of railway network. Additionally, only random attacks and deliberate attacks are factored in, ignoring the impact of earthquake disasters on actual railway lines. Therefore, this paper built a geographic railway network and analyzed topological structure of the network and its vulnerability under earthquake disasters. First, the geographic network of Chinese railway was built based on the methods of complex network, linear reference and dynamic segmentation. Second, the spatial distribution of railway network flow was analyzed by node degree, betweenness and clustering coefficient. Finally, the vulnerability of the geographic railway network in areas with high seismic hazards were assessed, aiming to improve the capacity to prevent and resist earthquake disasters.

scholarly journals Ranking the critical sections of railway networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440972092568
Author(s):  
Ratthaphong Meesit ◽  
John Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Network Flow ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Network Simulation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Sections

Railway systems are now facing an increasing number of threats such as aging infrastructures and climate changes. The identification of critical network sections provides infrastructure managers with the ability to understand the impact of a disruption and creates a suitable preventive strategy to counter such threats. To this end, various vulnerability analysis methods have been proposed for railway networks. Two main types of methods, network topological analysis and network flow-based analysis, have been developed. Both approaches are constructed based on macroscopic models, which take only some railway properties such as network structure, train and passenger flow into account. Thus, the results obtained are high level approximations. This study proposes a new analysis method, which is developed based on the stochastic-microscopic railway network simulation model. The method can be applied to identify the critical sections of a railway network. The effect of impact levels and occurrence times of a disruption on the network section criticality is presented. An application of the proposed model is demonstrated using the Liverpool railway network in the UK.

Structure

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-248
Author(s):  
Gordon Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Personal Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the ownership of the Furness Group and the impact of closely-knit shipping companies on the group’s overall administrative structure. It uses Alfred Chandler’s patterns of expansion - vertical integration and horizontal combination - to provide an overview of the growth of large companies in both British and American markets, before turning attention to the structural dynamics of the Furness Group itself. It explores the patterns of internal ownership beginning with Christopher Furness’ holdings over time before moving into discussion of consolidation under the Furness Group, and through to the management of new subsidiaries. It also explores the company’s decision-making and administrative processes in the shipping sector between 1901 and 1912, and the course of administrative adjustment between 1900 and 1919. The relationship between the Furness Group, British Maritime Trust (BMT), and Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) comes under close scrutiny throughout the chapter, and the management structure after Christopher Furness’ death in 1912 also comes under analysis. It concludes that much of the company was shaped by Furness’ personal influence and stature, so much so that his succession would undoubtedly necessitate change to its internal structure and a shift toward a more ‘businessman-like’ management.

scholarly journals A Spread Willingness Computing-Based Information Dissemination Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojing Huang ◽  
Zhiming Cui ◽  
Shukui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper constructs a kind of spread willingness computing based on information dissemination model for social network. The model takes into account the impact of node degree and dissemination mechanism, combined with the complex network theory and dynamics of infectious diseases, and further establishes the dynamical evolution equations. Equations characterize the evolutionary relationship between different types of nodes with time. The spread willingness computing contains three factors which have impact on user’s spread behavior: strength of the relationship between the nodes, views identity, and frequency of contact. Simulation results show that different degrees of nodes show the same trend in the network, and even if the degree of node is very small, there is likelihood of a large area of information dissemination. The weaker the relationship between nodes, the higher probability of views selection and the higher the frequency of contact with information so that information spreads rapidly and leads to a wide range of dissemination. As the dissemination probability and immune probability change, the speed of information dissemination is also changing accordingly. The studies meet social networking features and can help to master the behavior of users and understand and analyze characteristics of information dissemination in social network.

GAME-MODEL RESEARCH ON COOPETITION BEHAVIOR OF PARRONDO'S PARADOX BASED ON NETWORK

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN-GANG WANG ◽  
NENG-GANG XIE ◽  
GANG XU ◽  
CHAO WANG ◽  
YUN CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average Fitness

The paper devises a Parrondo's game model of biotic population with the network as its spatial carrier, trying to analyze individual's coopetition behavior and investigate the degree distribution of the heterogeneity on the impact of coopetition. The populational Parrondo's game model consists of a zero-sum game among individuals and a negative sum game between individuals and environment. In terms of relations of zero-sum game, four patterns are defined: cooperation, competition, harmony, and poor-competition-rich-cooperation. The simulation result shows that: (1) Cooperation and competition in any forms are adaptive behaviors. Cooperative and competitive behavior could convert the losing games combined into winning. The positive average fitness of the population represents the paradoxical feature that the Parrondo's game is counterintuitive. (2) BA Network is conducive to cooperation. (3) The relationships of individual fitness with node degree and with clustering coefficient are disclosed. As for cooperation and poor-competition-rich-cooperation pattern, the greater the node degree is, the greater the individual fitness is. (4) The heterogeneity has a positive impact on cooperation. (5) Population average fitness is the largest when the probability of playing zero-sum game is 1/3 in the Parrondo's game model.

Network Characteristics Analysis of the Xinjiang Regional Logistic Based on Complex Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yan Liu ◽  
Yi Ping Yuan ◽  
Shu Guang Tian ◽  
Xiao Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Regional Logistics ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Straight Line Distance

Reasonable logistics system plays a fundamental role in the process of regional economic development. With the development of Xinjiang's energy resources conversion strategy is ceaseless and thorough, as the country imported energy and scarce mineral resources international channel, Xinjiang internal and external logistics hub action are highlighted with each passing day. In this paper the complex network theory is applied to the Xinjiang regional logistics network, important cities, ports, warehousing point for a node to connect these nodes highway straight-line distance of the railway side, constructed the Xinjiang regional characteristics of the logistics network model. Select the node degree distribution, betweenness, average path length, clustering coefficient as a measure, static statistical properties of the network are analyzed. Provide basic data for the Xinjiang regional logistics network.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship between Verbal and Nonverbal Cognitive Abilities Using Resting-State EEG Functional Connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Inna Feklicheva ◽  
Ilya Zakharov ◽  
Nadezda Chipeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Maslennikova ◽  
Svetlana Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Eeg Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigates the relationship between individual differences in verbal and non-verbal cognitive abilities and resting-state EEG network characteristics. We used a network neuroscience approach to analyze both large-scale topological characteristics of the whole brain as well as local brain network characteristics. The characteristic path length, modularity, and cluster coefficient for different EEG frequency bands (alpha, high and low; beta1 and beta2, and theta) were calculated to estimate large-scale topological integration and segregation properties of the brain networks. Betweenness centrality, nodal clustering coefficient, and local connectivity strength were calculated as local network characteristics. We showed that global network integration measures in the alpha band were positively correlated with non-verbal intelligence, especially with the more difficult part of the test (Raven’s total scores and E series), and the ability to operate with verbal information (the “Conclusions” verbal subtest). At the same time, individual differences in non-verbal intelligence (Raven’s total score and C series), and vocabulary subtest of the verbal intelligence tests, were negatively correlated with the network segregation measures. Our results show that resting-state EEG functional connectivity can reveal the functional architecture associated with an individual difference in cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Huang ◽  
Shiwei Lu ◽  
Xiping Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Stage 1

China’s high speed rail (HSR) network has been rapidly constructed and developed during the past 10 years. However, few studies have reported the spatiotemporal changes of railway network structures and how those structures have been affected by the operation of high speed rail systems in different periods. This paper analyzes the evolving network characteristics of China’s railway network during each of the four main stages of HSR development over a 10-year period. These four stages include Stage 1, when no HSR was in place prior to August 2008; Stage 2, when several HSR lines were put into operation between August 2008, and July 2011; Stage 3, when the network skeleton of most main HSR lines was put into place. This covered the period until January 2013. Finally, Stage 4 covers the deep intensification of several new HSR lines and the rapid development of intercity-HSR railway lines between January 2013, and July 2017. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the timetable-based statistical properties of China’s railway network, as well as the spatiotemporal patterns of the more than 2700 stations that have been affected by the opening of HSR lines and the corresponding policy changes. Generally, we find that the distribution of both degrees and strengths are characterized by scale-free patterns. In addition, the decreasing average path length and increasing network clustering coefficient indicate that the small world characteristic is more significant in the evolution of China’s railway network. Correlations between different network indices are explored, in order to further investigate the dynamics of China’s railway system. Overall, our study offers a new approach for assessing the growth and evolution of a real railway network based on train timetables. Our study can also be referenced by policymakers looking to adjust HSR operations and plan future HSR routes.

scholarly journals Knowledge Brokering in an Era of Communication Visibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 232948842093734
Author(s):  
Ward van Zoonen ◽  
Anu Sivunen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Knowledge Brokering ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study presents an analysis of the extent to which enterprise social media (ESM) use enhances visibility of content (message transparency) and connections (network translucence) in organizations, and how this affects knowledge brokering. The findings support the theory of communication visibility by demonstrating that ESM use is associated with perceptions of message transparency and network translucence. Furthermore, the findings suggest that employees, regardless of their position within a network, are provided with a vision advantage and thus have the ability to engage in knowledge brokering. Future work needs to examine the impact of network characteristics on these effects. This article contributes to our understanding of knowledge brokering in contemporary networked and mediated workplaces. Specifically, this article offers an analysis of the theory of communication visibility and demonstrates the mediating role of communication visibility in the relationship between ESM use and intraorganizational knowledge brokering activities.

scholarly journals A New Dynamical Index for India-Burma Trough

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Liu ◽  
Jinlin Zha ◽  
Ruowen Yang ◽  
Jilong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Precipitation Field ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the vertical velocity field of reanalysis datasets, this study defines a new dynamical index for the India-Burma trough and supports this index’s advantages by analyzing reanalysis and observational datasets. For a convenient understanding, the vertical velocities of 5 levels ranging from 700 hPa to 500 hPa within the area of 15.625°N–24.375°N and 90.625°E–100.625°E are multiplied by −1 and summed up into a time series involving each year from 1979 to 2012. The standardized value of the time series is defined as the index of India-Burma trough (IIBT). IIBT can reflect the characteristics of the annual strength and the interdecadal variation of the India-Burma trough. IIBT can also well reveal the relationship between the India-Burma trough and its upstream teleconnection. What is more, through a correlation analysis on the grid point precipitation field, respectively, with the IIBT and the India-Burma trough indices defined with vorticity and geopotential height, over southern Asia the correlation pattern between the IIBT and the precipitation field is found to nearly be the sum of the correlation patterns of the latter 2 indices with the precipitation. To the south of the TP, the correlation field between the IIBT and the grid point precipitation shows dipolar distribution, which is consistent with the correlation patterns of the IIBT with the vertical velocity, specific humidity, and the mid-level geopotential height in the same spatial location. IIBT is beneficial for more accurate study of the impact of the India-Burma trough on the associated weather and climate.

scholarly journals Macro Perspective Research on Transportation Safety: An Empirical Analysis of Network Characteristics and Vulnerability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Huapu Lu ◽  
Mingyu Chen ◽  
Jianyu Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

The layout of the China Comprehensive Transportation Corridors and Hubs (CCTCH), depicted in the 13th Five Year Plan of Transportation, revolves around transport integration and economic globalization. With the aim of improving the sustainability of the entire national transportation system, this paper studies the sustainability of the CCTCH from the perspective of network characteristics and network invulnerability. The topological properties of the CCTCH were quantitatively analyzed, based on graph theory and complex network theory. The relationship between the node degree, betweenness, socioeconomic factors (i.e., GDP, population, GDP per capita) and hub type was explored using correlation analysis. A vulnerability assessment model was developed to investigate the influence of node disruption on the whole network, as well as specific origin–destination paths, and a simulation analysis was conducted to examine the variations in the network performances faced with different attack scenarios. The results show that, among several factors, the hub type has a strong relationship with the node degree and a moderate correlation with GDP. We conclude that the CCTCH is relatively fragile from the viewpoint of network efficiency, and for the purpose of international transportation from the domestic border hubs to the economically developed cities.

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