scholarly journals Exploring Railway Network Dynamics in China from 2008 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Huang ◽  
Shiwei Lu ◽  
Xiping Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Stage 1

China’s high speed rail (HSR) network has been rapidly constructed and developed during the past 10 years. However, few studies have reported the spatiotemporal changes of railway network structures and how those structures have been affected by the operation of high speed rail systems in different periods. This paper analyzes the evolving network characteristics of China’s railway network during each of the four main stages of HSR development over a 10-year period. These four stages include Stage 1, when no HSR was in place prior to August 2008; Stage 2, when several HSR lines were put into operation between August 2008, and July 2011; Stage 3, when the network skeleton of most main HSR lines was put into place. This covered the period until January 2013. Finally, Stage 4 covers the deep intensification of several new HSR lines and the rapid development of intercity-HSR railway lines between January 2013, and July 2017. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the timetable-based statistical properties of China’s railway network, as well as the spatiotemporal patterns of the more than 2700 stations that have been affected by the opening of HSR lines and the corresponding policy changes. Generally, we find that the distribution of both degrees and strengths are characterized by scale-free patterns. In addition, the decreasing average path length and increasing network clustering coefficient indicate that the small world characteristic is more significant in the evolution of China’s railway network. Correlations between different network indices are explored, in order to further investigate the dynamics of China’s railway system. Overall, our study offers a new approach for assessing the growth and evolution of a real railway network based on train timetables. Our study can also be referenced by policymakers looking to adjust HSR operations and plan future HSR routes.

scholarly journals A study on small-world characteristics of Chinaäó»s high-speed railway networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Kun Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Space Method

The small-world model provides a useful perspective and method to study the topological structure and intrinsic characteristics of high-speed rail networks (HRNs). In this paper, the P-space method is used to examine global and local HRNs in China, meanwhile the adjacency matrix is developed, then the social network analysis and visualization tool UCINET is used to calculate the spatial and attribute data of HRNs at national and local levels in China. The small-world characteristics of whole HRNs are discussed, three networks which have different properties are determined, and a comparative analysis of the small-world effect is detected. Then, the relationship between the construction of high-speed rail and regional development of China is analysed. The results show that: 1) China's HRNs have small average path length ( L ) and large clustering coefficient (C ), representing a typical small-world network; 2) Local HRNs have a certain correlation with economic development. The reasons for the difference of HRNs with respect to characteristics among regions are eventually discussed.

scholarly journals Modeling Network Public Opinion Propagation with the Consideration of Individual Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6681
Author(s):  
Peihua Fu ◽  
Bailu Jing ◽  
Tinggui Chen ◽  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Guodong Cong
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small World ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Network Public Opinion

The occurrence of popular social events causes fluctuations and changes of public emotions, while the rapid development of online social platforms and networks has made individual interactions more intense and further escalated public emotions into public opinion. However, there is a lack of consideration of individual emotions in the current research on online public opinion. Based on this, this paper firstly expounds the quantitative representation of attitude and emotion, analyzes the formation and propagation process of online public opinion by combining individual’s expression willingness, individual’s expression ability, attitude perception value, attitude change probability and other factors, and constructs a network public opinion propagation model that takes individual emotion into consideration. Finally, the main factors affecting the formation and propagation of network public opinion are discussed through simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that: (1) fear is conducive to the formation of online public opinion, but the speed is relatively slow; sadness is not conducive to the formation, but once enough people participate in the exchange of views, the formation of online public opinion will be faster; (2) the influence of online public opinion on individual emotions expands with the increase of the number of individual interactions; (3) different network structures impact differently on the propagation of public opinion. Among them, BA (BA network is a scale-free network model proposed by Barabasi and Albert in order to explain the generation mechanism of power law, BA model has two characteristics: growth and priority connection mechanism) and ER (ER network is a network with random connectivity proposed by Erdös-Renyi) random networks can promote the propagation of online public opinion, which is prone to “one-sided” online public opinion. WS small-world networks (proposed by Watts and Strogatz. It is a kind of network with short average path length and high clustering coefficient) and fully-connected networks have an inhibitory effect on the spread of online public opinion, easily maintaining the multi-dimensional nature of online public opinion.

scholarly journals Complex network characteristics of the planned subway station network in Hangzhou (2005-2022)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05052
Author(s):  
Wu Fang ◽  
Zhu Yue ◽  
Zhu Wei ◽  
Hu Xiaojun ◽  
Shen Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Density Clustering

The complex network characteristic of the planned subway station system is of great significance to the centrality layout of the existing urban areas. The three phases of the Hangzhou subway plan from 2005-2022 are selected as a case, and the complex network analysis method is used to study the centrality characteristic of the planned subway station system. The study found that with construction, the network density, clustering coefficient, average shortcut distance, all centrality indicators of the network gradually decreased; but in phase Ⅲadjustment, the average shortcut distance, three centrality potential indicators have all rebounded substantially. The newly-added airport rail express line has greatly increased the overall cohesion of the original subway network. The subway station networks of five planning stages all have smaller clustering coefficients and larger average shortcut distances, but none of them have a small-world characteristic, and the scale-free characteristic is still not obvious.

Technical advances, innovation and challenges of developing high-speed rail in China

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Man Zhou ◽  
Yonghong Peng ◽  
Lin An
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Underground Caverns ◽  
Train Operation ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Automatic Train Operation

After little more than a decade of development, China’s 29 000 km high-speed railway network is by far the largest in the world. This paper describes the technological advances and innovations regarding trains, stations, ballastless track, automatic train operation and signalling that made such rapid development possible, as well as setting new global standards for safety, efficiency and reliability. The engineering challenges of building and operating high-speed railways in diverse environments are also discussed, including areas with high winds, low temperatures, underground caverns and debris flows.

scholarly journals Dynamical Topology Analysis Of Vanet Based On Complex Networks Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Topology Analysis ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Dynamic Topology

Abstract A Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is a special subset of multi-hop Mobile Ad hoc Networks, in which the vehicles wireless interfaces can communicate with each other, as well as with fixed equipments alongside city roads or highways. Vehicular mobility dynamic characteristics, including high speed, predictable, restricted mobility pattern significantly affect the performance of routing protocols in a real VANET. Based on the existing studies, here we propose a testing network according to the preferential attachment on the degree of nodes and analyze VANET model characteristics for finding out the dynamic topology from the instantaneous degree distribution, instantaneous clustering coefficient and average path length. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate that VANET has a small world network features and is characterized by a truncated scale-free degree distribution with power-law degree distribution. The dynamic topology analysis indicates a possible mechanism of VANET, which might be helpful in the traffic congestion, safety and management.

scholarly journals Robustness assessment of China's high-speed railway transportation network

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Haowen Yan ◽  
Yuhan Huang ◽  
Yazhen Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Passenger Traffic

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The robustness of the high-speed rail transportation network is closely related to the passenger transportation efficiency, and is also a concrete manifestation of the anti-jamming capability of the high-speed railway transportation system. By the end of 2017, the business mileage of Chinese high-speed railway has reached 25,164 km, the number of passengers has reached 175.216 million, accounting for 56.8% of railway passenger traffic; the number of passenger turnover has reached 587.56 billion person-km, accounting for 43.7% of railway passenger traffic turnover.As of 2018 On December 4th, the country operate 4,251 high-speed railway trains every day. At the same time, passenger transportation efficiency of high-speed railways is highly susceptible to sudden events such as natural disasters. Therefore, quantitative assessment of anti-jamming capability of high-speed railway network, and the propose of specific improvements, are of great practical significance to improve passenger transport efficiency, enhance scientific decision-making high-speed rail transport infrastructure investments.</p><p>This paper used the the high-speed train running data on December 4, 2018 to analyze the work.Its high-speed railway network schematic is shown in Figure 1.</p><p>The Scale-free property of networks means that the node degree of networks obeys power-law distribution. It is generally believed that scale-free networks exhibit robustness against random faults and vulnerability to deliberate attacks. In this paper, the regularity of node degree change is expressed by distribution function P(k). As shown in the degree distribution of double logarithmic coordinate system as shown in Figure 2, the network has a great goodness of fit and better obeys power law score.That is to say, the network is a scale-free network.</p><p>In this paper, random attacks and deliberate attack simulations are used to observe the condition of the structure of China's high-speed railway network, and in order to measure the robustness of high-speed rail network. Among them, the formula refers to random delete a node from the network; deliberate attack is to delete nodes according to their importance. Attack strategies for node degree and intermediate centrality are used to determine which nodes are selected for each simulated attack (the lower the importance, the smaller the impact on the network). According to the three attack strategies for the high-speed railway transportation network, experiments are carried out to carry out continuous simulation attacks on the network: in each time, a node in the network and all its connected edges are deleted, the relative average shortest path and average clustering coefficient of the network at this time are counted. And the degree of fragmentation, looping until all nodes in the network are deleted, that is to say, the network is completely invalid. In Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the X axis represents the number of attack nodes, and the Y axis represents the current network structure feature metric.</p><p>It can be seen that the intentional attack based on the centrality of node mediation has the most serious damage to the network, that is, in other word, the state of splitting and crashing of the network.. For deliberate attacks, China's high-speed railway transport network is very fragile, and attacking nodes with high intermediary centrality value is the most destructive to China's high-speed railway transport network. Therefore,in order to ensure the normal operation of passenger transport we need to focus on ensuring the stability of the sites with the highest intermediary value. This paper ranks the sites according to the value of intermediary centrality. Figure 6 shows the top 10 sites in China's high-speed rail transport network with centrality as intermediaries.</p>

SCALE-FREE AND SMALL-WORLD PROPERTIES OF A SPECIAL HIERARCHICAL NETWORK

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950010
Author(s):  
DAOHUA WANG ◽  
YUMEI XUE ◽  
QIAN ZHANG ◽  
MIN NIU
Keyword(s):  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Small World ◽  
Average Path Length ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Hierarchical Network ◽  
Scale Free

Many real systems behave similarly with scale-free and small-world structures. In this paper, we generate a special hierarchical network and based on the particular construction of the graph, we aim to present a study on some properties, such as the clustering coefficient, average path length and degree distribution of it, which shows the scale-free and small-world effects of this network.

scholarly journals How Does the Spatial Structure of High-Speed Rail Station Areas Evolve? A Case Study of Zhengzhou East Railway Station, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11132
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Jingyu Liu ◽  
Wenxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
And Diffusion

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and station areas has shortened the spatial and temporal distances among cities, improved the accessibility of cities, and affected the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of populations and of social and economic activities. This has led to spatial reconfiguration of production factors within cities, which has the potential to drive the reconstruction of urban spatial structures. Based on POI and land-use data, this paper defines the spatial scope of the HSR station area and explores the characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial structure from the perspective of industry. The study area i is set at 2000 m. Since the opening of the HSR, the industrial distribution has exhibited a significant circular, multi-core, and axial belt spatial structure. The spatial structure of each sub-industry is different. On the whole, internal and external transport and agglomeration economies have significant impacts on the industrial spatial distribution, and land rent has gradually decreased in importance with the development of HSR station areas. The intensity of the effects of different factors varies among different industries. The mechanisms by which the spatial structure of the station area is formed are discussed and include location accessibility, micro-market factors, node station attributes, the availability of a sufficient amount of undeveloped land, the characteristics and needs of HSR passengers, and policies and systems.

scholarly journals Infrastructure costs and benefits of European high-speed rail

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Nedžad Branković ◽  
Aida Kalem
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
Conventional Rail ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

The development of new technologies has significantly influenced railways modernization and has caused the appearance of high-speed rail which represent a safe, comfortable and ecologically sustainable way of transportation. The high-speed rail present a big step in a relation to conventional railways, where the biggest difference is speed which even entails a change of other organizational and operational parameters, better utilization of trains, higher performance of manpower and better service to users.  That is visible in many cities around the world where high-speed trains are used by billions of users. In the EU there is no unique high-speed railway network, besides that in many EU member countries various operational models are applied. The future of the high-speed railways market depends on political, economical and technical factors and challenges as high infrastructure costs, various rates of return on investment and the negative effects of economic crises. The main objective of the paper is to analyze infrastucture costs of high-speed rail in Europe and benefits such us  time savings, higher reliability, comfort, safety, reducing pollution and the release of capacity in the conventional rail network, roads and airport infrastructure.

scholarly journals Studies on the Decrease Mechanisms of Typical Complex Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhu Qiu ◽  
Tianyang Lyu ◽  
Xizhe Zhang ◽  
Ruozhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Complex Network Models ◽  
High Degree

Network decrease caused by the removal of nodes is an important evolution process that is paralleled with network growth. However, many complex network models usually lacked a sound decrease mechanism. Thus, they failed to capture how to cope with decreases in real life. The paper proposed decrease mechanisms for three typical types of networks, including the ER networks, the WS small-world networks and the BA scale-free networks. The proposed mechanisms maintained their key features in continuous and independent decrease processes, such as the random connections of ER networks, the long-range connections based on nearest-coupled network of WS networks and the tendency connections and the scale-free feature of BA networks. Experimental results showed that these mechanisms also maintained other topology characteristics including the degree distribution, clustering coefficient, average length of shortest-paths and diameter during decreases. Our studies also showed that it was quite difficult to find an efficient decrease mechanism for BA networks to withstand the continuous attacks at the high-degree nodes, because of the unequal status of nodes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document