scholarly journals Testing Different Interpolation Methods Based on Single Beam Echosounder River Surveying. Case Study: Siret River

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arseni ◽  
Voiculescu ◽  
Georgescu ◽  
Iticescu ◽  
Rosu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elevation Model

Bathymetric measurements play an important role in assessing the sedimentation rate, deposition of pollutants, erosion rate, or monitoring of morphological changes in a river, lake, or accumulation basin. In order to create a coherent and continuous digital elevation model (DEM) of a river bed, various data interpolation methods are used, especially when single-beam bathymetric measurements do not cover the entire area and when there are areas which are not measured. Interpolation methods are based on numerical models applied to natural landscapes (e.g., meandering river) by taking into account various morphometric and morphologies and a wide range of scales. Obviously, each interpolation method, used in standard or customised form, yields different results. This study aims at testing four interpolation methods in order to determine the most appropriate method which will give an accurate description of the riverbed, based on single-beam bathymetric measurements. The four interpolation methods selected in the present research are: inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF) with completely regularized spline (CRS) which uses deterministic interpolation, simple kriging (KRG) which is a geo-statistical method, and Topo to Raster (TopoR), a particular method specifically designed for creating continuous surfaces from various elevation points, contour, or polygon data, suitable for creating surfaces for hydrologic analysis. Digital elevation models (DEM’s) were statistically analyzed and precision and errors were evaluated. The single-beam bathymetric measurements were made on the Siret River, between 0 and 35 km. To check and validate the methods, the experiment was repeated for five randomly selected cross-sections in a 1500 m section of the river. The results were then compared with the data extracted from each elevation model generated with each of the four interpolation methods. Our results show that: 1) TopoR is the most accurate technique, and 2) the two deterministic methods give large errors in bank areas, for the entire river channel and for the particular cross-sections.

scholarly journals A comparison of interpolation methods on the basis of data obtained from a bathymetric survey of Lake Vrana, Croatia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 3653-3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Šiljeg ◽  
S. Lozić ◽  
S. Šiljeg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Bathymetric Survey ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract. The bathymetric survey of Lake Vrana included a wide range of activities that were performed in several different stages, in accordance with the standards set by the International Hydrographic Organization. The survey was conducted using an integrated measuring system which consisted of three main parts: a single-beam sonar HydroStar 4300 and GPS devices; a Ashtech ProMark 500 base, and a Thales Z-Max® rover. A total of 12 851 points were gathered. In order to find continuous surfaces necessary for analysing the morphology of the bed of Lake Vrana, it was necessary to approximate values in certain areas that were not directly measured, by using an appropriate interpolation method. The main aims of this research were as follows: (a) to compare the efficiency of 14 different interpolation methods and discover the most appropriate interpolators for the development of a raster model; (b) to calculate the surface area and volume of Lake Vrana, and (c) to compare the differences in calculations between separate raster models. The best deterministic method of interpolation was multiquadric RBF (radio basis function), and the best geostatistical method was ordinary cokriging. The root mean square error in both methods measured less than 0.3 m. The quality of the interpolation methods was analysed in two phases. The first phase used only points gathered by bathymetric measurement, while the second phase also included points gathered by photogrammetric restitution. The first bathymetric map of Lake Vrana in Croatia was produced, as well as scenarios of minimum and maximum water levels. The calculation also included the percentage of flooded areas and cadastre plots in the case of a 2 m increase in the water level. The research presented new scientific and methodological data related to the bathymetric features, surface area and volume of Lake Vrana.

scholarly journals A comparison of interpolation methods on the basis of data obtained from a bathymetric survey of Lake Vrana, Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 13931-13979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Šiljeg ◽  
S. Lozić ◽  
S. Šiljeg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Bathymetric Survey ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract. The bathymetric survey of Lake Vrana included a wide range of activities that were performed in several different stages, in accordance with the standards set by the International Hydrographic Organization. The survey was conducted using an integrated measuring system which consisted of three main parts: a single-beam sonar Hydrostar 4300, GPS devices Ashtech Promark 500 – base, and a Thales Z-Max – rover. A total of 12 851 points were gathered. In order to find continuous surfaces necessary for analysing the morphology of the bed of Lake Vrana, it was necessary to approximate values in certain areas that were not directly measured, by using an appropriate interpolation method. The main aims of this research were as follows: to compare the efficiency of 16 different interpolation methods, to discover the most appropriate interpolators for the development of a raster model, to calculate the surface area and volume of Lake Vrana, and to compare the differences in calculations between separate raster models. The best deterministic method of interpolation was ROF multi-quadratic, and the best geostatistical, ordinary cokriging. The mean quadratic error in both methods measured less than 0.3 m. The quality of the interpolation methods was analysed in 2 phases. The first phase used only points gathered by bathymetric measurement, while the second phase also included points gathered by photogrammetric restitution. The first bathymetric map of Lake Vrana in Croatia was produced, as well as scenarios of minimum and maximum water levels. The calculation also included the percentage of flooded areas and cadastre plots in the case of a 2 m increase in the water level. The research presented new scientific and methodological data related to the bathymetric features, surface area and volume of Lake Vrana.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Pre-Industrial Long Distance Roads in a Hilly Region in Germany, Based on Historical and Archaeological Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmela Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Local Accuracy ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The One

The aim of this contribution is on the one hand to map pre-industrial long distance roads located in a hilly region east of Cologne, Germany, as exactly as possible and on the other hand to assess the accuracy of least-cost approaches that are increasingly applied by archaeologists for prehistoric road reconstruction. Probably the earliest map covering the study area east of Cologne dates back to 1575. The map is distorted so that rectification is difficult. But it is possible to assess the local accuracy of the map and to transfer the approximate routes to a modern map manually. Most of the area covered by the 1575 map is also depicted on a set of more accurate maps created in the early 19th century and a somewhat later historical map set (ca. 1842 AD). The historical roads on these rectified historical maps close to the approximate roads were digitized and compared to the outcomes of least-cost analysis, specifically least-cost paths and accessibility maps. Based on these route reconstructions with limited accuracy, Lidar data is checked to identify remains of these roads. Several approaches for visualizing Lidar data are tested to identify appropriate methods for detecting sunken roads. Possible sunken roads detected on the Lidar images were validated by checking cross sections in the digital elevation model and in the field.

scholarly journals High spatial resolution digital elevation model (DEM) production using different interpolations techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Israa Jameel Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Natural Neighbor ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Accuracy Assessments ◽  
Inverse Distance

DEMs, thus, simply regular grids of elevation measurements over the land surface.The aim of the present work is to produce high resolution DEM for certain investigated region (i.e. Baghdad University Campus\ college of science). The easting and northing of 90 locations, including the ground-base and buildings of the studied area, have been obtained by field survey using global positioning system (GPS). The image of the investigated area has been extracted from Quick-Bird satellite sensor (with spatial resolution of 0.6 m). It has been geo-referenced and rectified  using 1st order polynomial transformation. many interpolation methods have been used to estimate the elevation such as ordinary Kriging, inverse distance weighted (IDW) and  natural neighbor methods. The mosaic  algorithm has then been applied between the base and building layers of studied area in order to perform the final DEM. The accuracy assessments of the interpolation methods have been calculated using the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) criterion. Finally, the estimated DEMs have been used to constructing 3-D views of the original image.

scholarly journals Effect of DEM Interpolation Neighbourhood on Terrain Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Jianjun Cao ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Slope Error ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mls Method

Topographic factors such as slope and aspect are essential parameters in depicting the structure and morphology of a terrain surface. We study the effect of the number of points in the neighbourhood of a digital elevation model (DEM) interpolation method on mean slope, mean aspect, and RMSEs of slope and aspect from the interpolated DEM. As the moving least squares (MLS) method can maintain the inherent properties and other characteristics of a surface, this method is chosen for DEM interpolation. Three areas containing different types of topographic features are selected for study. Simulated data from a Gauss surface is also used for comparison. First, the impact of the number of points on the DEM root mean square error (RMSE) is analysed. The DEM RMSE in the three study areas decreases gradually with the number of points in the neighbourhood. In addition, the effect of the number of points in the neighbourhood on mean slope and mean aspect was studied across varying topographies through regression analysis. The two variables respond differently to changes in terrain. However, the RMSEs of the slope and aspect in all study areas are logarithmically related to the number of points in the neighbourhood and the values decrease uniformly as the number of points in the neighbourhood increases. With more points in the neighbourhood, the RMSEs of the slope and aspect are not sensitive to topography differences and the same trends are observed for the three studied quantities. Results for the Gauss surface are similar. Finally, this study analyses the spatial distribution of slope and aspect errors. The slope error is concentrated in ridges, valleys, steep-slope areas, and ditch edges while the aspect error is concentrated in ridges, valleys, and flat regions. With more points in the neighbourhood, the number of grid cells in which the slope error is greater than 15° is gradually reduced. With similar terrain types and data sources, if the calculation efficiency is not a concern, sufficient points in the spatial autocorrelation range should be analysed in the neighbourhood to maximize the accuracy of the slope and aspect. However, selecting between 10 and 12 points in the neighbourhood is economical.

scholarly journals Mobility characteristics of debris slides and flows triggered by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Bessette-Kirton ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coe ◽  
William H. Schulz ◽  
Corina Cerovski-Darriau ◽  
Mason M. Einbund
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Landslides And Debris Flows

Abstract Mobility is an important element of landslide hazard and risk assessments yet has been seldom studied for shallow landslides and debris flows in tropical environments. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria triggered > 70,000 landslides across Puerto Rico. Using aerial imagery and a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), we mapped and characterized the mobility of debris slides and flows in four different geologic materials: (1) mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone; (2) submarine basalt and chert; (3) marine volcaniclastics; and (4) granodiorite. We used the ratio of landslide-fall height (H) to travel length (L), H/L, to assess the mobility of landslides in each material. Additionally, we differentiated between landslides with single and multiple source areas and landslides that either did or did not enter drainages. Overall, extreme rainfall contributed to the mobility of landslides during Hurricane Maria, and our results showed that the mobility of debris slides and flows in Puerto Rico increased linearly as a function of the number of source areas that coalesced. Additionally, landslides that entered drainages were more mobile than those that did not. We found that landslides in soils developed on marine volcaniclastics were the most mobile and landslides in soils on submarine basalt and chert were the least mobile. While landslides were generally small (< 100 m2) and displayed a wide range of H/L values (0.1–2), coalescence increased the mobility of landslides that transitioned to debris flows. The high but variable mobility of landslides that occurred during Hurricane Maria and the associated hazards highlight the importance of characterizing and understanding the factors influencing landslide mobility in Puerto Rico and other tropical environments.

scholarly journals DEM Void Filling Based on Context Attention Generation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Chunsen Zhang ◽  
Shu Shi ◽  
Yingwei Ge ◽  
Hengheng Liu ◽  
Weihong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Feature Expression

The digital elevation model (DEM) generates a digital simulation of ground terrain in a certain range with the usage of 3D point cloud data. It is an important source of spatial modeling information. Due to various reasons, however, the generated DEM has data holes. Based on the algorithm of deep learning, this paper aims to train a deep generation model (DGM) to complete the DEM void filling task. A certain amount of DEM data and a randomly generated mask are taken as network inputs, along which the reconstruction loss and generative adversarial network (GAN) loss are used to assist network training, so as to perceive the overall known elevation information, in combination with the contextual attention layer, and generate data with reliability to fill the void areas. The experimental results have managed to show that this method has good feature expression and reconstruction accuracy in DEM void filling, which has been proven to be better than that illustrated by the traditional interpolation method.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR METHODS OF BUILDING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FROM TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS USING GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Vadim Belenok ◽  
Yuriy Velikodsky ◽  
Oleksandr Nikolaienko ◽  
Nataliia Rul ◽  
Sergiy Kryachok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Elevation Model

The article considers the question of estimating the accuracy of interpolation methods for building digital elevation models using Soviet topographic maps. The territory of the Kursk region of the Russian Federation was used as the study area, because it is located on the Central Russian Upland and characterized by the complex structure of the vertical and horizontal dissection of the relief. Contour lines automatically obtained using a Python algorithm were used as the initial elevation data to build a digital elevation model. Digital elevation models obtained by thirteen different interpolation methods in ArcGIS and Surfer software were built and analyzed. Special attention is paid to the ANUDEM method, which allows to obtain hydrologically correct digital elevation models. Recommendations for the use of one or another method of interpolation are given. The results can be useful for professionals who use topographic maps in their work and deals with the design using digital elevation models.

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