scholarly journals Transformations of Landscape Topography of the Bełchatów Coal Mine (Central Poland) and the Surrounding Area Based on DEM Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Jaskulski ◽  
Tomasz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
German Army ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Dem Analysis ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Topographical Maps

The authors analyze topography changes related to the construction and operation of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Open Mine and Power Plant, one of Europe’s larger open-pit mines, situated in central Poland. In order to achieve this, a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is prepared, based on archival materials from the pre-investment period. Source materials include German topographical maps, issued in 1944 by the Supreme High Command of the German Army (Oberkommando des Heeres/Generalstab). The second model of the same area is prepared based on DEM data included in the Topographical Database available by CODGiK (Main Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation). The preparation of two terrain models from different periods make it possible to evaluate the changes in the morphometry. Both models are compared using ArcGIS (ESRI) tools. The comparative analysis of the models allows for observing topography changes resulting from anthropogenic transformations related to the construction of the Brown Coal Open Mine Bełchatów and Power Plant complex.

scholarly journals Numerical Modelling Based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Analysis of Debris Flow at Rinjani Volcano, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fatih Qodri ◽  
Noviardi Noviardi ◽  
Al Hussein Flowers Rizqi ◽  
Lindung Zalbuin Mase
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Particle Flows ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Dem Analysis ◽  
Elevation Model

Debris flow is a disaster occurring in cases where a sediment particle flows at high speed, down to the slope, and usually with high viscosity and speed. This disaster is very destructive and human life-threatening, especially in mountainous areas. As one of the world’s active volcanoes in the world, Rinjani had the capacity to produce over 3 million m3 volume material in the 2015 eruption alone. Therefore, this study proposes a numerical model analysis to predict the debris flow release area (erosion) and deposition, as well as the discharge, flow height, and velocity. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was analyzed in ArcGIS, to acquire the Cartesian coordinates and “hillshade” form. This was also used as a method to produce vulnerable areas in the Jangkok watershed. Meanwhile, the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMSS) numerical modeling was simulated using certain parameters including volume, friction, and density, derived from the DEM analysis results and assumptions from similar historical events considered as the best-fit rheology. In this study, the release volume was varied at 1,000,000 m3, 2,000,000 m3, and 3,000,000 m3, while the simulation results show movement, erosion, and debris flow deposition in Jangkok watershed. This study is bound to be very useful in mitigating debris flow as disaster anticipation and is also expected to increase community awareness, as well as provide a reference for structural requirements, as a debris flow prevention.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Szmidt
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Major River ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
River Valleys

The article presents an example of application of selected GIS methods for showing connections between the course of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys in Central Poland. The analysed area was shaped in the conditions of environment as early as the Palaeogene and Neogene, but the greatest impact on the present-day landscape came from the morphogenetic processes which operated in the Quaternary.Palaeogeographic studies of the analysed area often point to the possible dependencies between the contemporary landscape and its substrate, particularly as regards the valley system. In order to verify this hypothesis, on the basis of archival cartographic materials and a Digital Elevation Model of the current terrain, a procedure for conducting analyses with the use of commonly available GIS tools was proposed. Results of the conducted analysis allow for stating that the major river valleys of Central Poland in large part correspond to the arrangement of the fossil valley system, and the relationships are most easily noticeable for the largest valleys.

scholarly journals Progress in the Reconstruction of Terrain Relief Before Extraction of Rock Materials—The Case of Liban Quarry, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Zarychta ◽  
Adrian Zarychta ◽  
Katarzyna Bzdęga
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Topographical Relief

Open pit mining leads to irreversible changes in topographical relief, which makes a return to the original morphology virtually impossible. This is important for quarries that were part of former mining areas. This research presents an innovative approach to the reconstruction of the relief of anthropogenically transformed land on the example of Liban Quarry in Cracow, where operations began before 1873 to 1986. The basis for the reconstructed area was a Topographic Map of Poland with a scale 1:10,000 from 1997, from which a set of data was obtained to perform spatial analyses. The estimation was conducted using the ordinary kriging method, enabling a reconstruction of the morphology of the studied area and presenting it in the form of a hypsometric map and a digital elevation model. The correctness of the modelling was verified by cross-validation and a kriging standard deviation map (SDOK). These revealed low values of estimation errors in the places without contour lines on the base map. The comparison of the obtained maps and model with a Tactical Map of Poland with a scale 1:100,000 from 1934 indicated great similarities. The highest interpolation error value was recorded in the part of the pit where the difference between the actual and reconstructed elevation was about 30 m on average. In the exploited part, the SDOK did not exceed 0.52 m, and in the entire studied area, it reached a maximum of 0.56 m. The proposed approach fulfilled the assumptions of reconstruction, as the analysis revealed elements matching the historic relief in both forms of presentation of the topography of the quarry, on the obtained hypsometric map and on the tactical map. Our study is among the very few in the world concerning the application of geostatistics in the restoration of the relief of land transformed by open pit mining activities.

Prediction of soil salinity risk by digital terrain modeling in the Canadian prairies

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Florinsky ◽  
R. G. Eilers ◽  
G. W. Lelyk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Soil Salinisation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Terrain Modeling

Soil salinisation is a typical problem for the Canadian prairies. At macro-topographic scale, build-up of salts occurs in depressions. However, this relationship is not displayed on existing small-scale maps of soil salinity. To improve these maps, one can use a concept of accumulation, transition and dissipation zones of the landsurface. The concept allows one to reveal depressions (topographically expressed accumulation zones) using digital models of horizontal and vertical curvatures, or accumulation and mean curvatures derived from a digital elevation model. We applied the concept of accumulation, transition and dissipation zones to improve an existing small-scale map of the salinity risk index for the prairies and adjacent areas. A comparison of the old and the improved maps demonstrated that once data on depressions have been taken into account, areas marked by salinity risk decreased significantly. We suggest that the method used may prevent an overestimation in predictions of soil cover degradation due to salinisation. The method used can also reveal saline areas linked with discharges of saline aquifers. This is because sites marked by high discharges of groundwater usually relate to sites of intensive fracturing of geological materials, which are closely associated with topographically expressed accumulation zones. Key words: Digital terrain models, topography, soil salinisation, mapping

scholarly journals The ecology of Harwood’s Francolin Pternistis harwoodi (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) at Merhabete District, central highlands of Ethiopia: implications for conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 10633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abadi Mehari Abrha ◽  
Habtu Kiros Nigus
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Firewood Collection ◽  
Dem Analysis ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Joint Contribution

This paper investigates the abundance, density and habitat preference of Harwood’s Francolin, and considers threats posed to this species at Merhabete District, Ethiopia. A total of 20 line transects ranging from 0.5–1.2 km, each 150–400 m apart, were placed in four study blocks. Habitat preferences were evaluated by digital elevation model (DEM) analysis and slope. Human pressures were also quantified based on circular plot placements along each line transect. Hence, distance sampling survey was used to count population data. The estimated population size and density were 184±26.46 birds and 43.48±6.25 birds/km2, respectively, with an overall encounter rate of 8.52 birds/km in Jema and Jara valleys. This species mainly preferred dry evergreen scrublands mixed with grassy, rock areas and dispersed acacia woodlands. However, based on stepwise regression model, the main threats to this species were burning, cutting, firewood collection and grazing. Generally, only cutting and firewood collection were the most important predictors that affected the focal species. This finding could be used to plan conservation of the species with the joint contribution of scientists, government and local communities.

scholarly journals Durability of forest cover in the Ochotnica Valley (Gorce Mts.) and in the Solinka Valley (Bieszczady Mts.) in the 18th-21st centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Godziek ◽  
Bartłomiej Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Topographical Maps

Forests in the Carpathians are increasing their range mainly due to the expansion in former agricultural areas. In this study conducted for two valleys (88 and 69 km2 ) topographical maps from 18th to 20th century and an orthophotomap were used in order to determine the durability of forest cover. This durability is understood as the period of time during which a given area was presumably occupied by forest. A digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM) of 1x1m resolution were applied to investigate the relationship between forest cover durability and altitude, slope, aspect and the mean height of trees. The variety of spatial structure of forest cover durability results mainly from the differences of the examined valleys accessibility. Positive correlation between forest cover durability and the mean height of trees and altitude found for both valleys. A directly proportional relationship between forest cover durability and slopes also occurs in the Solinka Valley.

scholarly journals The possible use of ancient tower tombs as watchtowers in Syro-Mesopotamia

2015 ◽  
Vol II-5/W3 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Silver ◽  
M. Törmä ◽  
K. Silver ◽  
J. Okkonen ◽  
M. Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Euphrates Valley ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Data

Traditionally polygonal tower tombs dating from the Greco-Roman era, especially found in the area of Syro-Mesopotamia, have only been treated as funerary structures without discussion of their other possible purposes. In this paper we wish to inquire whether they had other functions as well. The most famous examples of these types of tombs are situated in Palmyra in Syria. They are built of limestone, follow a square layout, and some exceed the height of 20 m. Similar structures are found in the Euphrates valley of Syria. The Finnish project SYGIS that worked in the neighbourhood of the Euphrates and Palmyra during the previous decade studied some of the structures in the region. As far as the tower tombs are concerned, our research suggests that new structural, topographical and spatial aspects can be raised, and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) can be applied for analysing their properties for visibility. The tendency to locate tower tombs along roads and the entrance areas of a city as well as at a mountain edge seems to indicate that the tombs may have had observational functions serving as watch towers. The aspects of the location in terrains are emphasized in the present study, and digital terrain models were utilized using SRTM DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data for carrying out viewshed analyses in order to survey the observational qualities of the towers in Palmyra, on Halabiya, on Jebel Bishri in Syria and Hatra in Iraq.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DATA DIGITAL UNTUK MONITORING AREA TERLUAR KEGIATAN PERTAMBANGAN BLOK 7 BINUNGAN MINE OPERATION 2 – PT. BERAU COAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Aldi Agus Setiawan ◽  
Iwan Widiadmoko ◽  
Hifzil Kirmi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Monitoring Area

ABSTRAK PT. Berau Coal melakukan penambangan dengan sistem penambangan terbuka untuk menyesuaikan dengan model geologi batubara area Binungan yang berlapis-lapis (multi seam) dengan kemiringan perlapisan batubara 23o - 40o. Pada penambangan terbuka (Open Cut Mining) pengelolaan lingkungan disesuaikan dengan metode penambangan gali-sisi kembali (backfilling-method) yang terdapat dalam rencana pengelolaan Lingkungan PT. Berau Coal. Kegiatan penambangan dengan sistem Open Pit sangat bergantung dengan bukaan lahan baru/original untuk dijadikan area disposal (out pit dump). Pada tahun 2019 rencana penimbunan pada area Out Pit sebesar 133,5 juta bcm. Daerah tangkapan air yang berupa area terbuka (disposal), berdampingan dengan area original, hal ini berpotensi terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan akibat air limbah tambang. Pengelolaan dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup merupakan kewajiban bagi perusahaan sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dalam pengelolaan lingkungan dalam upaya melestarikan serta mengendalikan pencemaran yang berpotensi merusak lingkungan. Oleh karena itu monitoring area terluar merupakan kegiatan yang sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Untuk mempermudah monitoring, digunakan data digital yang sudah tersedia untuk diolah lebih lanjut agar dapat dianalisa dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pemanfaatan foto udara terbaru yang diambil secara berkala kemudian dilakukan permodelan elevasi digital (Digital Elevation Model) akan di peroleh informasi terbaru mengenai kondisi area terluar kegiatan pertambangan. Kegagalan sistem drainase air limbah tambang yang mengalami perubahan kondisi bangunan dan berpotensi menyebabkan air rilis tanpa melalui titik penaatan akan dapat segera diketahui, sehingga dapat segera dilakukan perbaikan.  Pemanfaatan data digital di area Blok 7 Site Binungan Mine Operation 2 memperoleh informasi pengklasifikasian risiko kegagalan akibat perubahan pola aliran air yang kemudian disajikan dalam peta identifikasi risiko aliran air untuk area terluar pertambangan. Peta risiko tersebut menjadi acuan dan menjadi prioritas untuk dilakukan perbaikan dilapangan. Kata Kunci : pengelolaan lingkungan,  area terluar,  operasional pertambangan,  improvement, optimum.    

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Development of surface ruptures by hanging-wall extension over a thrust ramp along the Ragged Mountain fault, Katalla, Alaska, USA: Applications of high-resolution three-dimensional terrain models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Heinlein ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Elevation Model

<div>Video S1: Grayscale digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale. Video S2: False-color digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale.<br></div>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Development of surface ruptures by hanging-wall extension over a thrust ramp along the Ragged Mountain fault, Katalla, Alaska, USA: Applications of high-resolution three-dimensional terrain models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Heinlein ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Elevation Model

<div>Video S1: Grayscale digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale. Video S2: False-color digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale.<br></div>

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