scholarly journals A New Agent-Based Methodology for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Greco ◽  
Alessandro Pluchino ◽  
Luca Barbarossa ◽  
Giovanni Barreca ◽  
Ivo Caliò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Earthquake Simulator ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Combine Information

In order to estimate the seismic vulnerability of a densely populated urban area, it would in principle be necessary to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of individual and aggregate buildings. These detailed seismic analyses, however, are extremely cost-intensive and require great processing time and expertise judgment. The aim of the present study is to propose a new methodology able to combine information and tools coming from different scientific fields in order to reproduce the effects of a seismic input in urban areas with known geological features and to estimate the entity of the damages caused on existing buildings. In particular, we present a new software called ABES (Agent-Based Earthquake Simulator), based on a Self-Organized Criticality framework, which allows to evaluate the effects of a sequence of seismic events on a certain large urban area during a given interval of time. The integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) data sets, concerning both geological and urban information about the territory of Avola (Italy), allows performing a parametric study of these effects on a real context as a case study. The proposed new approach could be very useful in estimating the seismic vulnerability and defining planning strategies for seismic risk reduction in large urban areas

scholarly journals Estimation of the Buildings Seismic Vulnerability: A Methodological Proposal for Planning Ante-Earthquake Scenarios in Urban Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ródenas ◽  
Salvador García-Ayllón ◽  
Antonio Tomás
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
The City

In spite of the enhancements related to building construction, many regions still present a major level of seismic risk as a consequence of the high vulnerability of the urban configuration of their cities. An improved method to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings in urban areas is proposed in this contribution in order to advance the management of seismic emergency scenarios. The methodology, mainly based on the cadastral database, allows for a more standardized implementation as a function on the typological, structural, and urban parameters of the buildings, reducing the level of uncertainties linked to these methodologies and giving continuity to the different RISK-UE published works. The generalization of the method to any urban area has also been improved by means of removing the parameters whose calibration is associated with a specific area. The methodology has been put into practice in the urban area of the city of Lorca (SE Spain), in the aftermath of the earthquake of 11 May 2011, due to the availability of well-documented data reported from this seismic event. The proposal, when it is combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, provides valuable information for the planning and management of post-earthquake emergency situations.

scholarly journals Proposal of a Conceptual Model to Represent Urban-Industrial Systems from the Analysis of Existing Worldwide Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9292
Author(s):  
Carmen Ruiz-Puente
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Perspective Analysis

The adoption of Industrial Symbiosis (IS) practices within urban areas is gaining interest due to the environmental impacts entailed by the development of cities. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about how the relationships between industrial and urban areas can be modelled. In this context, this research aimed at posing a conceptual model to understand and represent Urban-Industrial Systems (UIS). To this end, a set of worldwide previous UIS experiences were overviewed to identify the agents, dynamics, and collaboration opportunities that characterize them. The multi-perspective analysis of these cases indicated that UIS are complex systems, which means that they are autonomous, self-organized, responsive, nonlinear, and willing to consolidate their resilience. As such, Agent-Based Models (ABM) were suggested to be the most suitable approach for their representation.

scholarly journals Scaling and singularity characteristics of solar wind and magnetospheric fluctuations

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vörös ◽  
D. Jankovičová ◽  
P. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Magnetic Fluctuations ◽  
Mhd Turbulence ◽  
Magnetic Turbulence ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Ae Index ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

Abstract. Preliminary results are presented which suggest that scaling and singularity characteristics of solar wind and ground-based magnetic fluctuations appear to be a significant component in the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction processes. Of key importance is the intermittence of the "magnetic turbulence" as seen in ground-based and solar wind magnetic data. The methods used in this paper (estimation of flatness and multifractal spectra) are commonly used in the studies of fluid or MHD turbulence. The results show that single observatory characteristics of magnetic fluctuations are different from those of the multi-observatory AE-index. In both data sets, however, the influence of the solar wind fluctuations is recognizable. The correlation between the scaling/singularity features of solar wind magnetic fluctuations and the corresponding geomagnetic response is demonstrated in a number of cases. The results are also discussed in terms of patchy reconnection processes in the magnetopause and forced and/or self-organized criticality (F/SOC) of internal magnetosphere dynamics.

scholarly journals FRACTAL FLUCTUATIONS AND STATISTICAL NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Fractals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. SELVAM
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Inverse Power ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Inverse Power Law ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Fractal Fluctuations

Dynamical systems in nature exhibit self-similar fractal fluctuations and the corresponding power spectra follow inverse power law form signifying long-range space-time correlations identified as self-organized criticality. The physics of self-organized criticality is not yet identified. The Gaussian probability distribution used widely for analysis and description of large data sets underestimates the probabilities of occurrence of extreme events such as stock market crashes, earthquakes, heavy rainfall, etc. The assumptions underlying the normal distribution such as fixed mean and standard deviation, independence of data, are not valid for real world fractal data sets exhibiting a scale-free power law distribution with fat tails. A general systems theory for fractals visualizes the emergence of successively larger scale fluctuations to result from the space-time integration of enclosed smaller scale fluctuations. The model predicts a universal inverse power law incorporating the golden mean for fractal fluctuations and for the corresponding power spectra, i.e., the variance spectrum represents the probabilities, a signature of quantum systems. Fractal fluctuations therefore exhibit quantum-like chaos. The model predicted inverse power law is very close to the Gaussian distribution for small-scale fluctuations, but exhibits a fat long tail for large-scale fluctuations. Extensive data sets of Dow Jones index, human DNA, Takifugu rubripes (Puffer fish) DNA are analyzed to show that the space/time data sets are close to the model predicted power law distribution.

scholarly journals Landscape Preferences and Distance Decay Analysis for Mapping the Recreational Potential of an Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Iulia Năstase ◽  
Ileana Pătru-Stupariu ◽  
Felix Kienast
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Green infrastructure plays an important role in recreation and human well-being, especially in urban and peri-urban areas. Our study aimed to evaluate and map the recreational potential of an urban area (Brașov, Romania) using two data sets: (a) people’s preferred landscape features and (b) preferred locations where outdoor activities and recreation take place. The latter was gathered through participatory mapping techniques. For each location, we computed explanatory variables, e.g., the distance to 19 landscape elements known to be important for recreation. Based on (b), we determined the recreational activity profiles for each participant and evaluated how well these profiles matched the participant’s preferences for landscape features (dataset a). Finally, recreational potential was mapped by computing a recreational index using dataset b. Two preference profiles (P1: urban, infrastructure-oriented; P2: nature-oriented) were identified based on people’s preferred landscape features, and three recreational activity profiles were identified based on the preferred locations, i.e., an “urban”, a “nature”, and an “ubiquist” type. The importance of green infrastructures for recreation in both preference profiles was striking. Many persons belonging to the urban and infrastructure-oriented group indicated that they recreate in locations with a high amount of green infrastructure and nature. The map of the recreational potential shows hotspots for recreation but also areas lacking recreational provisions, giving useful insight for future urban planning.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Self-Organized Criticality in the Autowave Model of Speciation

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-408
Author(s):  
A. Y. Garaeva ◽  
A. E. Sidorova ◽  
N. T. Levashova ◽  
V. A. Tverdislov
Keyword(s):  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Chhabi Ram Baral
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

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