scholarly journals Exploring the Associations Between Urban Form and Neighborhood Vibrancy: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Lu ◽  
Yaping Huang ◽  
Chaoyang Shi ◽  
Xiping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Building Density ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

The design and optimization of urban form has always been a hot topic in urban planning and development research. Besides, the creation of continuous vitality in urban areas is of critical importance in the development of urbanization. However, due to the lack of data, it is difficult to measure the effects of urban form on neighborhood vibrancy. Additionally, no uniform conclusion has been drawn regarding to what degree urban form can contribute to neighborhood vibrancy. Taking advantage of emerging new data sources, the depth and breadth of related research can now be improved. Therefore, this paper uses high-precision positioning social media check-in data to approximate the vibrancy of 658 neighborhoods, and uses a geographical information system (GIS) to quantitatively measure the urban form indicators in the central area of Chengdu City, China. A quantitative exploration and analysis of the relationships between neighborhood vibrancy and urban form is conducted. The results of three regression models considering different explanatory variables show that socio-economic factors account for approximately 23% of neighborhood vibrancy. In addition, the correlation between the shape characteristics of a neighborhood and the vibrancy is weak. However, when the inner urban form indicators of neighborhoods are introduced into the regression model, the goodness of fit (R2) is nearly doubled. This finding indicates that strong associations exist between urban form and neighborhood vibrancy. Specifically, building density and functional diversity are positively correlated with neighborhood vibrancy. Unlike existing studies, this study finds that the road network within the neighborhood plays a positive role in the creation of neighborhood vibrancy. However, the impact of a road density indicator is not as powerful as the impacts of building density and functional diversity. This research can help urban designers to better design urban environments.

Spatial pattern analysis of address quality: A study on the impact of rapid urban expansion in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 239980831989527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lin ◽  
Mengjun Kang ◽  
Biao He
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Address Data ◽  
The Impact

Standard address data are essential geographical information that play an important role in urban management. However, due to the complex structures of Chinese addresses, poor address quality has long been a problem in China. Although several measures were established to improve the address quality, nonstandard address data are still common in new urban areas. To investigate the potential causes of the geographical disparities in address quality, in this paper, we hypothesize that the sprawling urban form caused by rapid urban expansion in China has hindered the generation of standard addresses in new urban areas. To test this hypothesis, the spatial pattern of address quality in Shenzhen, China, is analyzed, and the potential causal paths relating urban expansion, urban form, and address quality are examined using structural equation modeling. The results indicate poorer address quality in new urban areas in Shenzhen. Rapid urban expansion has an indirect negative relation with the address quality. In addition, both road compactness and land use compactness have a direct positive effect on address quality, but the latter is insignificant. In this case, to facilitate improvements in address quality, a plan with dense and small blocks is suggested in the planning of new urban areas.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Urban Form on Land Surface Temperature in Subtropical High-Density Urban Areas Using Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Sun ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Run Wang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment ◽  
The Impact

It is widely acknowledged that urban form significantly affects urban thermal environment, which is a key element to adapt and mitigate extreme high temperature weather in high-density urban areas. However, few studies have discussed the impact of physical urban form features on the land surface temperature (LST) from a perspective of comprehensive urban spatial structures. This study used the ordinary least-squares regression (OLS) and random forest regression (RF) to distinguish the relative contributions of urban form metrics on LST at three observation scales. Results of this study indicate that more than 90% of the LST variations were explained by selected urban form metrics using RF. Effects of the magnitude and direction of urban form metrics on LST varied with the changes of seasons and observation scales. Overall, building morphology and urban ecological infrastructure had dominant effects on LST variations in high-density urban centers. Urban green space and water bodies demonstrated stronger cooling effects, especially in summer. Building density (BD) exhibited significant positive effects on LST, whereas the floor area ratio (FAR) showed a negative influence on LST. The results can be applied to investigate and implement urban thermal environment mitigation planning for city managers and planners.

scholarly journals Depressed spaces as an instrument for transformation of urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, more and more often urban abandoned and depressed spaces that were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. These territories can occupy a significant part of the city. This paper examines the features of the formation of urban planning systems, as well as the impact of depressed spaces on the quality of the urban environment. This paper studies such depressed spaces as abandoned industrial areas and objects of unfinished construction. The paper assesses the impact of depressed spaces, identifies criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of their impact on the environment, on the safety and quality of the urban environment, as well as their role in the structure of the city as a whole. The principles and features of the formation of such urban depressed spaces, as well as the patterns of their development are revealed. The features of the formation of open public space of urban systems, as well as ways of transforming depressed spaces, aimed at increasing their social significance, integrating them into the general urban development, and improving the ecological and social situation are considered. The paper concludes that the problem of restoration of depressed spaces is very important and urgent today. The creation of a continuous urban tissue is impossible without the reorganization of such spaces, as well as the creation of an integral compositional, functional and communication urban planning system.

scholarly journals Urban form and economic sustainability in housing projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed Abdel Ghaffar ◽  
Noha Ahmed Abd El Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUrban areas in metropolitan cities like Cairo suffer from economic, social, and environmental predicaments. Urban economic sustainability is an approach that reforms the urban performance to gain direct benefits such as minimizing costs and maximizing profits and indirect benefits as better social, environmental, and cultural aspects. This research suggests applying such an approach to enhance Egyptian housing projects. The main research question is how to evaluate the economic sustainability of urban forms?. The study presents a “Sustainable Urban Economy model” (SUE model) linking urban fabric, land use pattern, transportation, and street network design with economic sustainability. Research methods and tools include interviews (Delphi method) with 25 urban planning/design and urban economic experts to refine the model. Results show the most effective components of the urban form on economic sustainability (accessibility and degree of permeability, population density, built, and the impact of sub-indicators on the main components. Moreover, results indicate that the seven most influential indicators are the built-up to total space ratio, mixed-use ratio, built-up ratio, population density, floor area ratio, degree of accessibility, and public transportation. Experts suggested values for the seven indicators to measure how the urban form can achieve high economic, environmental, and social performance in the Egyptian context.

Assessing impacts of urban form on GHG emission with high-resolution spatial grids to implement nature-based solutions for carbon neutral cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Page ◽  
Haozhi Pan ◽  
Zahra Kalantari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Impact

<p>Globally, urban areas contribute significantly to the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) which are leading to anthropogenic climate change. To achieve long-term sustainable development goals, urban regions will need to grow and develop in such a way that they can both provide a good quality of life for all of their inhabitants, and also reduce and offset their GHG emissions to reach and maintain net-zero GHG emissions.</p><p>This work aims to further our understanding of the impact of urban form and growth on GHG emissions, to identify ways in which nature-based solutions (NBS) can be integrated into urban planning to help cities reach net zero emissions while continuing to grow sustainably. We will conduct a high-resolution (1x1km) spatial accounting and mapping of GHG emissions from selected urban anthropogenic activities (residential, commercial, transportation) for Stockholm, Sweden which includes those factors relevant to and impacted by urban form (such as density, land use pattern transportation networks, green spaces) to allow for the analysis of different types of city spatial patterns and planning decisions and their implications in GHG emissions. The results will be further expanded to cities across the European Union (EU) for comparison. Conclusions will be drawn about where and how NBS interventions should be used most effectively to reduce urban GHG emissions and facilitate sustainable city growth in the future.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Sustainable cities; Land-use; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nature-based Solutions</p>

A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION AND CASE STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART STORM DRAINAGE UNIT FOR COMPACT CITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedimuni Charmaine Nadeesha Chandraseana ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa ◽  
Zahiraniza Mustaffa ◽  
Salihi Ibrahim Umar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Storm Drainage ◽  
Effective Drainage ◽  
The Impact

A moderate rainfall event can lead to harsh flash floods in most of the compact cities. Present urbanization happening in these cities creates an imbalance between generated urban runoff volume and effective drainage capacity. For the survival of these, it is vital in enhancing the efficiency of an urban drainage system. However, it is a complicated task due to the accumulation of solid waste in drainage channels. These drainage systems are super sensitive to some external factors caused by their immediate surroundings. This study found out the impact of the urban form, population agglomeration, floating population, imminent prone areas of urban sprawl and waste disposing patterns of settlers can be highly influenced to the efficiency of a storm drainage system. Hence, Geographical Information System based computational techniques and weighted fussy sets are being used to track the attention need areas of the system. These particular zones to be treated through the design of "Smart Storm Drainage Unit". By this, it is expected to maintain a clear drainage channel for transportation of surface runoff all the time. Thus, by Smart Storm Drainage will be fixed into the breakdown areas or highly sensitive areas of a drainage system. This paper discusses the impact of surrounding urban area to the breakdown of drainage system and fixates the problem by bypassing “Smart Storm Drainage Unit”.

Living on Past Glories and Future Dreams The Effects of Depopulation on Early Modern Urban Development in the Former Castle Town of Kanazawa

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Phillipps
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractDepopulation of urban areas is a serious issue in twenty-first century Japan, as shown by the recent large-scale amalgamation of municipalities and programmes to combat declining central city areas. However, this is not the first time depopulation has had a significant effect on urban development: the decline in castle towns after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 had profound effects on both urban form and development concepts. Kanazawa, once one of the largest cities in Japan, suffered from an initial and long-lasting drop and then a more insidious decline as its Japan Sea coast location cut it off from the bulk of industrial and trade development. This article uses a two-fold approach to examine depopulation: first, an examination of the physical effects of depopulation based on statistical analysis of pre-war land registers shows the patterns of decline and regrowth throughout the modern period. Second, the impact of depopulation on the city's image of itself is examined through period documents such as council records and local newspapers. The need to regain status through population rank became an overarching goal of the urban leaders, and formed the basis of Kanazawa's reactions to the modern era and eventually towards imperialism.

scholarly journals The Relationship between On-Road FFCO2 Emissions and Socio-Economic/Urban Form Factors for Global Cities: Significance, Robustness and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6028
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Kevin R. Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

Transportation accounts for 18% of global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions, especially in urban areas. An improved understanding of on-road FFCO2 emissions is essential to both carbon science and mitigation policy. Previous studies have identified the driving factors and quantified their relationship to on-road FFCO2 emissions. However, they have been primarily based on case studies conducted in individual cities, and the research results remain inconclusive due to the considerable heterogeneity of cities and associated outcomes. In order to achieve more general results and to further understand their uncertainties, this study explored the relationships between socio-economic/urban form data and self-reported on-road FFCO2 emissions for a sample of global cities based on the adjusted Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. The robustness and sensitivity of these relationships was evaluated by introducing artificial errors, conducting cross-validation, and examining various model specifications. Results indicated that fuel economy (p-value < 3.1 × 10−8), vehicle ownership (p-value < 3.0 × 10−4), road density (p-value < 4.4 × 10−3) and population density (p-value < 3.1 × 10−3) were statistically significant factors that correlate with on-road FFCO2 emissions. Of these four variables, fuel economy and vehicle ownership had the most robust relationships. These results offer potential policy insights into on-road FFCO2 emissions mitigation in cities, in addition to offering a means to generate emissions estimates without detailed bottom-up information.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Builtup Areas on Development of Urban Heat Island in Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali Shirazi ◽  
Khadija Shakrullah ◽  
Saadia Sultan Wahla ◽  
Mareena Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

The aim of present study is to evaluate and assess the impact of built-up areas on development of the urbanheat island (UHI).The study mainly focused on Lahore, which is one of the mega cities of Pakistan. In terms ofpopulation size, Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan with 11.13 million inhabitants. The geospatial techniques(Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System) along with statistical applications were applied to find out theLand Cover Land Uses changes and consequent development of builtup areas over the period of 2000 and 2015. Tostudy the UHI, the meteorological data of each 30 minutes for 36 days starting from 30th June 2015 to 4th August 2015were collected through direct on site observation by using digital weather station. The results of UHI were crosschecked by obtaining land surface temperature by using thermal infrared (TIR) band 6 of the Landsat-7 TM. The resultsshow that the LCLU and built environment have direct impact on development of UHI. The areas where there wasmore vegetation cover had less temperature while in urban areas, the temperature was measured higher. Over the periodof 36 days, the average UHI remained 5.5°C and the highest intensity of UHI was observed as 8.3°C thus augmentedresearch rationale. The study suggests establishment of a thick network of automatic weather stations in Lahore togauge the urban heat island intensity and to plant indigenous trees on vacant swaths and develop urban forest tomitigate city’s rising temperature.

scholarly journals Human Activity Affects Forest Fires: The Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on the Density of Forest Fires in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kolanek ◽  
Mariusz Szymanowski ◽  
Andrzej Raczyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Forest fires, due to climate change, are a growing threat to human life, health, and property, especially in temperate climates. Unfortunately, the impact of individual factors on forest fires varies, depending on the geographical region and its natural and socio-economic conditions. The latter are rarely introduced into fire warning systems, which significantly reduces their effectiveness. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to quantify the impact of a wide range of anthropogenic factors on forest fires, using Poland as a representative example of a Central European country. Data were analyzed in relation to districts for the period 2007–2017, using correlation analysis and regression modeling applying global and local/mixed regression methods. It was found that almost all of the 28 variables taken for analysis significantly determined the density of forest fires, but the greatest role was played by the length of the border between forests and built-up areas, and road density. In addition, the impact of most of the analyzed variables on forest fires varied over the study area, so implementing non-stationarity in geographically weighted regression models significantly improved the goodness-of-fit compared to global models.

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