scholarly journals Combining the Two-Layers PageRank Approach with the APA Centrality in Networks with Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Agryzkov ◽  
Francisco Pedroche ◽  
Leandro Tortosa ◽  
José Vicent
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks is a fundamental and practical topic at the moment. In this paper, a new centrality measure for complex networks is proposed based on two contrasting models that have their common origin in the well-known PageRank centrality. On the one hand, the essence of the model proposed is taken from the Adapted PageRank Algorithm (APA) centrality, whose main characteristic is that constitutes a measure to establish a ranking of nodes considering the importance of some dataset associated to the network. On the other hand, a technique known as two-layers PageRank approach is applied to this model. This technique focuses on the idea that the PageRank centrality can be understood as a two-layer network, the topological and teleportation layers, respectively. The main point of the proposed centrality is that it combines the APA centrality with the idea of two-layers; however, the difference now is that the teleportation layer is replaced by a layer that collects the data present in the network. This combination gives rise to a new algorithm for ranking the nodes according to their importance. Subsequently, the coherence of the new measure is demonstrated by calculating the correlation and the quantitative differences of both centralities (APA and the new centrality). A detailed study of the differences of both centralities, taking different types of networks, is performed. A real urban network with data randomly generated is evaluated as well as the well-known Zachary’s karate club network. Some numerical results are carried out by varying the values of the α parameter—known as dumping factor in PageRank model—that varies the importance given to the two layers (topology and data) within the computation of the new centrality. The proposed algorithm takes the best characteristics of the models on which it is based: on the one hand, it is a measure of centrality, in complex networks with data, whose calculation is stable numerically and, on the other hand, it is able to separate the topological properties of the network and the influence of the data.

scholarly journals Extending the Adapted PageRank Algorithm Centrality to Multiplex Networks with Data Using the PageRank Two-Layer Approach

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Agryzkov ◽  
Manuel Curado ◽  
Francisco Pedroche ◽  
Leandro Tortosa ◽  
José Vicent
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Networks ◽  
Similar Reasoning ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Multiplex Networks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Pagerank Centrality ◽  
Google Search

Usually, the nodes’ interactions in many complex networks need a more accurate mapping than simple links. For instance, in social networks, it may be possible to consider different relationships between people. This implies the use of different layers where the nodes are preserved and the relationships are diverse, that is, multiplex networks or biplex networks, for two layers. One major issue in complex networks is the centrality, which aims to classify the most relevant elements in a given system. One of these classic measures of centrality is based on the PageRank classification vector used initially in the Google search engine to order web pages. The PageRank model may be understood as a two-layer network where one layer represents the topology of the network and the other layer is related to teleportation between the nodes. This approach may be extended to define a centrality index for multiplex networks based on the PageRank vector concept. On the other hand, the adapted PageRank algorithm (APA) centrality constitutes a model to obtain the importance of the nodes in a spatial network with the presence of data (both real and virtual). Following the idea of the two-layer approach for PageRank centrality, we can consider the APA centrality under the perspective of a two-layer network where, on the one hand, we keep maintaining the layer of the topological connections of the nodes and, on the other hand, we consider a data layer associated with the network. Following a similar reasoning, we are able to extend the APA model to spatial networks with different layers. The aim of this paper is to propose a centrality measure for biplex networks that extends the adapted PageRank algorithm centrality for spatial networks with data to the PageRank two-layer approach. Finally, we show an example where the ability to analyze data referring to a group of people from different aspects and using different sets of independent data are revealed.

Scenarios as Tools of the Scientific Imagination: The Case of Climate Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Michael Poznic ◽  
Rafaela Hillerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Imagination

Climatologists have recently introduced a distinction between projections as scenario-based model results on the one hand and predictions on the other hand. The interpretation and usage of both terms is, however, not univocal. It is stated that the ambiguities of the interpretations may cause problems in the communication of climate science within the scientific community and to the public realm. This paper suggests an account of scenarios as props in games of make-belive. With this account, we explain the difference between projections that should be make-believed and other model results that should be believed.

scholarly journals THE CULTIVATION OF TRICHOMONAS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH (TETRATRICHOMONAS HOMINIS)

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuzo Ohira ◽  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Trichomonades from the mouth were studied by Steinberg who proposed to group them into three distinct types; namely, Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata, and Trichomonas flagellata. Doflein (3) regards them as probably identical with Trichomonas hominis. Opinions differ as to whether or not Trichomonas vaginalis Donné and Trichomonas hominis Grassi are the same species. Lynch, for instance, believes that they are the same species, while von Prowazek (4), Bensen (5), and others (6, 7) insist that they are different types. Bensen's view seems to be well supported by the difference alleged to be found between the mode of encystment in the two trichomonades, were it not for the fact that our knowledge about the so called cyst of trichomonades is still obscure. According to Alexeieff (8) many of the so called cysts were evidently blastomyces contained in the cell body of the trichomonas. An autogamy alleged to take place in cysts as described by Bohne and von Prowazek (9) has not been confirmed by Dobell (10). And Wenyon (11) contends that it has never been found possible to produce any development of these cysts outside the body on the warm stage as can be done with the cysts of Entamœba coli. Therefore, it is still premature to take the process of encystment into consideration as far as the classification of trichomonas is concerned. On the other hand, Rodenwaldt (12) seems to think that there are many species of trichomonas in the human intestines, and Wenyon has described a new trichomonas from the human intestines (Macrostoma mesnili Wenyon). Further cultural studies in the morphology and biology of these organisms must be carried out in order to solve these problems. In the light of modern investigations there are five subgenera to be included under the genus Trichomonas Donné. They are as follows: (1) Protrichomonas Alexeieff, with three anterior flagella, without an undulating membrane. (2) Trichomastix Biitschli) with three anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum (Schleppgeissel) without an undulating membrane. (3) Trichomonas Donné, with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. (4) Macrostoma Alexeieff, Amend, Wenyon (11), with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane wedged in a deep groove (peristome). (5) Tetratrichomonas Parisi (13), with four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. As far as our culture trichomonas from the human mouth is concerned, it has been shown that it is not strictly a trichomonas and that it should be classed under the subgenus Tetratrichomonas.

scholarly journals Bayesian over-dispersed Poisson model and the Bornhuetter & Ferguson claims reserving method

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. England ◽  
Richard J. Verrall ◽  
Mario V. Wüthrich
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prior Distributions ◽  
Prediction Uncertainty ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chain Ladder ◽  
The One ◽  
Classical Chain

AbstractWe consider the Bayesian over-dispersed Poisson (ODP) model for claims reserving in general insurance. We choose two different types of prior distributions for the parameters and then study the different Bayesian predictors. This study leads, on the one hand, to the classical chain ladder predictor and, on the other hand, to Bornhuetter & Ferguson predictors. We highlight (either analytically or numerically) how these predictors are obtained and how their prediction uncertainty can be determined.

“The Day after the Sabbath” (Lev 23:15): Traces and Origin of an Inter-Sectarian Polemic

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-247
Author(s):  
David Henshke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

AbstractThe date of the Festival of Weeks (Shavu'ot) has been the focus of an ancient controversy between the sectarian halakhah and Pharisaic halakhah. However, from an analysis of the Book of Jubilees and Judean desert documents on the one hand, and from Tannaitic Midrashim on the other hand, it is clear that there was a third position suggested, and rejected, by both sides. This third approach clarifies that the background of the controversy was the difference in the description of the festival found in Leviticus in contrast to its portrayal in Deuteronomy.

scholarly journals Probabilistic kingdom: problem of objectivity in contemporary science

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
Paweł Pruski
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Degrees Of Belief ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Objective Interpretation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One

In modern science, the theory of probability is one of the basic tools. Scientists using probability often refer to its objective interpretation. They emphasize that their probabilistic hypotheses concern objective facts, not degrees of belief. Accordingly, the following questions arise: What is the meaning of this type of probabilistic hypothesis? Is the assumption of objectivity necessary? The paper addresses these questions by analyzing objective probability in the context of the scientific debate on determinism. Two types of arguments will be presented. On the one hand, there is the assertion that objective probability can exist only in an indeterministic world. Then, on the other hand — I analyze the assertions of those who believe in the co‑existence of objective probability and determinism. As a result I show that the acceptance of deterministic and indeterministic fields as possible areas where objective probability can occur is extremely problematic. Depending on the chosen area we encounter different types of problems. Therefore, I show that a significant number of these problems are associated with the acceptance of incorrect metaphysical assumptions. And finally, I postulate that the objectivity of probability (and assumptions pertaining to it) can be reduced (without any losses) to the epistemic variant.

scholarly journals Colonialidad como emparentamiento y limpieza de sangre: un breve estudio sobre los aportes de Santiago Castro-Gómez.

Sincronía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol XXV (80) ◽  
pp. 160-175
Author(s):  
Celeste Florencia Ramirez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Limpieza De Sangre ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
The Way

In the present work, in the light of the reading of the philosopher Santiago Castro-Gómez, we will try to elucidate his theory about the coloniality of power and the way in which such a device codified the bodies according to the discourse of blood cleansing. So, first, we will briefly develop two different types of theories about power: on the one hand, the theory of the coloniality of power, presented by the Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano; on the other hand, the analytics of power, developed by Michel Foucault. Both theories, which seem incommensurable, are put into dialogue by our philosopher. In the second part of our work, we will prepare to present the practices and modus operandi corresponding to the coloniality of power to manifest its uniqueness in comparison to other types of powers. Likewise, we will show how a certain sector of the population, in an attempt to consolidate their family and personal interests, used these practices to limit corporality. Third, and by way of conclusion, we will make a brief sketch about the link between the coloniality of power and the political practices of current Colombia.

scholarly journals PARADIGMA KRITIS PANCASILA DALAM DIMENSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Rahman
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

<div class="Section1"><p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji  pancasila dalam dimensi pendidikan Islam. falsafah Pancasila belum dijadikan primadona utama  dalam setiap diskusi pendidikan.  Pendekatan dalam peneltian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Lembaga-lembaga pendidikan belum begitu banyak memaknai Pancasila  bagian hal terpenting dan menjiwainya secara sadar. Apa yang digagas kemudian  adalah  bagaimana falsafah Pancasila   selayaknya dijadikan paradigma kritis dalam kondisi pendidikan saat ini. Hal yang demikian bisa jadi akan melahirkan sebuah pandangan yang genuine yang menawarkan sebuah gerakan dan kesadaran untuk menyelesaikan berbagai problem pendidikan. Perbedaan kondisi di bagian negara lain memberikan kita kesempatan menampilkan sebuah gagasan paradigma kritis pancasila.  Dalam kehidupan masyarakat  yang lebih luas Pancasila  yang menggema hanya sebatas nama kurang terlihat bentuknya seperti apa jika menjadi penawar obat kesembuhan pendidikan saat ini. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa posisi pancasila seharusnya memang mendapat ruang yang berarti, di satu sisi karena prinsip-prinsip Pancasila  terilhami dari Islam, disisi lain  Islam memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi terlaksananya prinsip Pancasila yang sejalan dengan landasan Islam.</p><p>Kata kunci: paradigma, kritis, Pancasila, pendidikan, Islam</p></div><p><em>CRITICAL PARADIGM  OF  PANCASILA IN THE DIMEN- SIONS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION. This study aims to examine the Pancasila in the Islamic educational dimension.The philosophy of Pancasila  has not made a prima donna in any discussion  of education. This study  uses library research. Institutions  have not so many interpret Pancasila as the most important thing and make it as the spirit consciously. What was conceived then is how the philosophy of Pancasila should be made as a critical paradigm in the condition of education today. Such things could be going to deliver a view that offers a genuine movement  and awareness to resolve various problems in education. The difference of conditions in others countries gives us a chance to display a critical paradigm of Pancasila. In the life of the wider community, Pancasila that echoes only as the name. Its shape is less visible if it be the antidote to cure a disease of the current education. The result of tihis articel shows that the position of Pancasila indeed should get a meaning space, on the one hand it because the principles of Pancasila was inspired from Islam, on the other hand Islam gave strong legitimacy to the implementation  of the principles of Pancasila which is in line with Islam.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>critical, paradigm, Pancasila, Islamic, </em><em>e</em><em>d</em><em>u</em><em>c</em><em>a</em><em>t</em><em>io</em><em>n</em></p>

Ergativity and Differential Case Marking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej L. Malchukov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Differential Object Marking ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
The One

The present chapter discusses patterns of differential case marking in ergative languages, focusing on differential subject marking, which is more prominent in ergative languages (in contrast to accusative languages, where differential object marking is more prominent). It is argued that patterns of (differential) case marking can be accounted two general constraints related to (role)-indexing, on the one hand, and distinguishability (or markedness) on the other hand. This approach correctly predicts asymmetries between differential object marking (DOM) and differential subject marking (DSM) with regard to animacy, definiteness, as well as discourse features. I also show how this approach can be extended to capture a relation between case and voice alternation, as well as briefly outline diachronic scenarios leading to different types of differential case marking in ergative and split intransitive languages.

scholarly journals The grammar of syntactic coreference

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Milivoj Alanovic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Propositional Function ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Main Language

Since the notions of semantic and syntactic coreference, in the conceptual, terminological and theoretical sense, have long been known to the linguistic public, we consider it appropriate and worthwhile to point out the ways in which this type of connection between the grammatical units in the sentence is materialized. We especially wanted to draw attention to the inherent mechanisms of language which directly signal that the two forms, not necessarily different, are connected with the same meaning, and related to the same semantic role, for which it is directly responsible - the same propositional function they have. Although it may seem that the difference between semantic and syntactic coreference is not so significant, it has been revealed that in the latter case, the syntactic relations are the main language means of expressing propositional functions and corresponding semantic roles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to highlight the syntagmatic mechanisms of language, with the help of which the structural, informative and informative hierarchy of the sentence members is carried out. The purpose of such hierarchization is not so much to streamline or rethink the structure of the sentence, but rather to ensure the integration of complex content on the one hand, and settle the situational significance of individual participants on the other hand.

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