scholarly journals Low-Power LoRa Signal-Based Outdoor Positioning Using Fingerprint Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wongeun Choi ◽  
Yoon-Seop Chang ◽  
Yeonuk Jung ◽  
Junkeun Song
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Fingerprint Algorithm

Positioning is an essential element in most Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Global Positioning System (GPS) chips have high cost and power consumption, making it unsuitable for long-range (LoRa) and low-power IoT devices. Alternatively, low-power wide-area (LPWA) signals can be used for simultaneous positioning and communication. We summarize previous studies related to LoRa signal-based positioning systems, including those addressing proximity, a path loss model, time difference of arrival (TDoA), and fingerprint positioning methods. We propose a LoRa signal-based positioning method that uses a fingerprint algorithm instead of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) proximity or TDoA method. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usability of the fingerprint algorithm for large areas in the real world. We estimated the locations using probabilistic means based on three different algorithms that use interpolated fingerprint RSSI maps. The average accuracy of the three proposed algorithms in our experiments was 28.8 m. Our method also reduced the battery consumption significantly compared with that of existing GPS-based positioning methods.

scholarly journals Robust Trilateration Based Algorithm for Indoor Positioning Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1195-1210
Author(s):  
Simeon Pande ◽  
Kwame S Ibwe
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Distance Relationship ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

Abstract Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) plays crucial roles in indoor environment items positioning used in self-navigating robots and helping hands. To obtain position information, positioning algorithms employing Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) are of great benefits since they reuse the existing radio wireless infrastructures for indoor positioning. However, the changes in the indoor environment decrease the overall accuracy of the developed indoor positioning algorithms. To cope with the challenge of environmental dependency in indoor positioning, a robust algorithm using radio signal identification was developed. The algorithm uses circle expansion and reduction mechanism to achieve better RSSI-Distance relationship. The distances from RSSI-Distance relationship are used in trilateration algorithm for position estimation. Experiments were performed to compare position accuracy of the basic RSSI-Based and the proposed algorithm. Simulation results showed that proposed algorithm showed less average positioning errors by 11.2066% and 3.7279% at path loss coefficients of 3.11 and 3.21, respectively compared to the existing algorithms. Likewise, the proposed algorithm showed 2.7282% increase in positioning error when environment was changed from that of path loss coefficient 3.11 to 3.21. The existing basic algorithms show error fluctuation of 10% with the same environment changes. Keywords: Indoor Positioning System; RFID; RSSI; Trilateration

Confiabilidad de los registros obtenidos por medio de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global en actividades de desplazamiento humano

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3 - 4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jeison Daniel Salazar Pachón ◽  
David Armando Chaparro Obando ◽  
Nicolás Tordi
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
El Sistema

<p>El presente estudio examinó  la confiabilidad de los registros de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global (<em>global positioning systems  </em>[GPS]), Garmin310XT y FRWDB600,  sobre  las distancias  recorridas a diferentes  velocidades,  tras un protocolo a pie y otro  en bicicleta realizados  en una pista atlética.  Esta información se comparó con el trayecto  real de recorrido, hecho a partir  del cálculo: <em>ritmo de recorrido (r) = distancia recorrida (d) x tiempo  de recorri- do, </em>y se controló con un metrónomo Sport Beeper. Los participantes fueron dos jóvenes de edad  media  22 años  ± 1, activos  físicamente. En los resultados, se observaron diferencias  entre los registros de ambos sistemas GPS; el protocolo a pie Garmin tuvo un porcentaje de concordancia de 101,1%, mientras que FRWD presentó  103%. En el protocolo en bicicleta se obtuvo 103,4% y 101,6%, respectivamente. Se concluyó  que el uso de GPS es más fiable cuando  las velocidades  de desplazamiento humano son bajas  o moderadas  para  el sistema Garmin  (7-14 km/h), ya que al ser más altas la fiabilidad  de la información podría  ser menor, mientras  que el sistema FRWD presentó  mayor confiabilidad en velocidades moderadas (14-22 km/h).</p>

Confiabilidad de los registros obtenidos por medio de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global en actividades de desplazamiento humano

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jeison Daniel Salazar Pachón ◽  
David Armando Chaparro Obando ◽  
Nicolás Tordi
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
El Sistema

El presente estudio examinó  la confiabilidad de los registros de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global (<em>global positioning systems  </em>[GPS]), Garmin310XT y FRWDB600,  sobre  las distancias  recorridas a diferentes  velocidades,  tras un protocolo a pie y otro  en bicicleta realizados  en una pista atlética.  Esta información se comparó con el trayecto  real de recorrido, hecho a partir  del cálculo: <em>ritmo de recorrido (r) = distancia recorrida (d) x tiempo  de recorrido, </em>y se controló con un metrónomo Sport Beeper. Los participantes fueron dos jóvenes de edad  media  22 años  ± 1, activos  físicamente. En los resultados, se observaron diferencias  entre los registros de ambos sistemas GPS; el protocolo a pie Garmin tuvo un porcentaje de concordancia de 101,1%, mientras  que FRWD presentó  103%. En el protocolo en bicicleta se obtuvo 103,4% y 101,6%, respectivamente. Se concluyó  que el uso de GPS es más fiable cuando  las velocidades  de desplazamiento humano son bajas  o mo- deradas  para  el sistema Garmin  (7-14 km/h), ya que al ser más altas la fiabilidad  de la información podría  ser menor, mientras  que el sistema FRWD presentó  mayor confiabilidad en velocidades moderadas (14-22 km/h).

scholarly journals A Time-Based Objective Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Scully ◽  
Anne Moudon ◽  
Philip Hurvitz ◽  
Anju Aggarwal ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to food environments has mainly been limited to counting food outlets near participants’ homes. This study considers food environment exposures in time and space using global positioning systems (GPS) records and fast food restaurants (FFRs) as the environment of interest. Data came from 412 participants (median participant age of 45) in the Seattle Obesity Study II who completed a survey, wore GPS receivers, and filled out travel logs for seven days. FFR locations were obtained from Public Health Seattle King County and geocoded. Exposure was conceptualized as contact between stressors (FFRs) and receptors (participants’ mobility records from GPS data) using four proximities: 21 m, 100 m, 500 m, and ½ mile. Measures included count of proximal FFRs, time duration in proximity to ≥1 FFR, and time duration in proximity to FFRs weighted by FFR counts. Self-reported exposures (FFR visits) were excluded from these measures. Logistic regressions tested associations between one or more reported FFR visits and the three exposure measures at the four proximities. Time spent in proximity to an FFR was associated with significantly higher odds of FFR visits at all proximities. Weighted duration also showed positive associations with FFR visits at 21-m and 100-m proximities. FFR counts were not associated with FFR visits. Duration of exposure helps measure the relationship between the food environment, mobility patterns, and health behaviors. The stronger associations between exposure and outcome found at closer proximities (<100 m) need further research.

scholarly journals Using Different Combinations of Body-Mounted IMU Sensors to Estimate Speed of Horses—A Machine Learning Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Hamed Darbandi ◽  
Filipe Serra Bragança ◽  
Berend Jan van der Zwaag ◽  
John Voskamp ◽  
Annik Imogen Gmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Speed Estimation ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Measurement Units

Speed is an essential parameter in biomechanical analysis and general locomotion research. It is possible to estimate the speed using global positioning systems (GPS) or inertial measurement units (IMUs). However, GPS requires a consistent signal connection to satellites, and errors accumulate during IMU signals integration. In an attempt to overcome these issues, we have investigated the possibility of estimating the horse speed by developing machine learning (ML) models using the signals from seven body-mounted IMUs. Since motion patterns extracted from IMU signals are different between breeds and gaits, we trained the models based on data from 40 Icelandic and Franches-Montagnes horses during walk, trot, tölt, pace, and canter. In addition, we studied the estimation accuracy between IMU locations on the body (sacrum, withers, head, and limbs). The models were evaluated per gait and were compared between ML algorithms and IMU location. The model yielded the highest estimation accuracy of speed (RMSE = 0.25 m/s) within equine and most of human speed estimation literature. In conclusion, highly accurate horse speed estimation models, independent of IMU(s) location on-body and gait, were developed using ML.

scholarly journals Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7660
Author(s):  
Ace Dimitrievski ◽  
Sonja Filiposka ◽  
Francisco José Melero ◽  
Eftim Zdravevski ◽  
Petre Lameski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
Iot Devices

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.

scholarly journals Reliability Improvement of LoRa with ARQ and Relay Node

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocksan Choi ◽  
SeungGwan Lee ◽  
Sungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Automatic Repeat Request ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Iot Devices

In our modern world, many Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are being researched and developed. IoT devices are currently being used in many fields. IoT devices use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, however, communication distance is short and battery consumption is high. In areas such as smart cities and smart farms, IoT technology is needed to support a wide coverage with low power consumption. Low Power Wide Area (LPWA), which is a transmission used in IoT supporting a wide area with low power consumption, has evolved. LPWA includes Long Range (LoRa), Narrowband (NB-IoT), and Sigfox. LoRa offers many benefits as it communicates the longest distances, is cheap and consumes less battery. LoRa is used in many countries and covers a range of hundreds of square kilometers (km2) with a single gateway. However, if there are many obstacles to smart cities and smart farms, it causes communication problems. This paper proposes two (2) solutions to this problem: the relay method which is a multi-hop method and the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) system that detects packet loss in real-time and requests retransmission for LoRa. In this study, the actual performance of LoRa in the problematic environment was measured and the proposed method was applied. It was confirmed that the transmission rate of LoRa dropped when there were many obstacles such as trees. To use LoRa in a smart farm with a lot of space, multi-hop was observed to be better. An ARQ system is needed to compensate for the unexpected drop in the forward rate due to the increase in IoT devices. This research focused on reliability, however, additional network methods and automatic repeat request (ARQ) systems considering battery time should be researched in symmetry. This study covers the interdisciplinary field of computer science and wireless low power communication engineering. We have analyzed the LoRa/LoRaWAN technology in an experimental approach, which has been somewhat less studied than cellular network or WiFi technology. In addition, we presented and improved the performance evaluation results in consideration of various local and climatic environments.

INS/GNSS Integration with Account for Timing Skew and Displacement of GNSS Antenna. Experience of Practical Realization

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
N.B. Vavilova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Golovan ◽  
A.V. Kozlov ◽  
I.A. Papusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Inertial Navigation Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Antenna Phase ◽  
Antenna Phase Center ◽  
Timing Skew

We examine two aspects specific to complex data fusion algorithms in integrated strapdown inertial navigation systems aided by global positioning systems, with their inherent spatial separation between the GNSS antenna phase center and the inertial measurement unit, as well as with the timing skew between their measurements. The first aspect refers to modifications of mathematical models used in INS/GNSS integration. The second one relates to our experience in their application in onboard airborne navigation algorithms developed by Moscow Institute of Electromechanics and Automatics.

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