scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Generation of Building Stock Data from Remote Sensing for Urban Heat Demand Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Michael Wurm ◽  
Ariane Droin ◽  
Thomas Stark ◽  
Christian Geiß ◽  
Wolfgang Sulzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Construction Type

Cities are responsible for a large share of the global energy consumption. A third of the total greenhouse gas emissions are related to the buildings sector, making it an important target for reducing urban energy consumption. Detailed data on the building stock, including the thermal characteristics of individual buildings, such as the construction type, construction period, and building geometries, can strongly support decision-making for local authorities to help them spatially localize buildings with high potential for thermal renovations. In this paper, we present a workflow for deep learning-based building stock modeling using aerial images at a city scale for heat demand modeling. The extracted buildings are used for bottom-up modeling of the residential building heat demand based on construction type and construction period. The results for DL-building extraction exhibit F1-accuracies of 87%, and construction types yield an overall accuracy of 96%. The modeled heat demands display a high level of agreement of R2 0.82 compared with reference data. Finally, we analyze various refurbishment scenarios for construction periods and construction types, e.g., revealing that the targeted thermal renovation of multi-family houses constructed between the 1950s and 1970s accounts for about 47% of the total heat demand in a realistic refurbishment scenario.

scholarly journals TOPOI RESOURCES: Quantification and Assessment of Global Warming Potential and Land-Uptake of Residential Buildings in Settlement Types along the Urban–Rural Gradient—Opportunities for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4099
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Mühlbach ◽  
Olaf Mumm ◽  
Ryan Zeringue ◽  
Oskars Redbergs ◽  
Elisabeth Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Residential Building Stock ◽  
Urban Rural

The METAPOLIS as the polycentric network of urban–rural settlement is undergoing constant transformation and urbanization processes. In particular, the associated imbalance of the shrinkage and growth of different settlement types in relative geographical proximity causes negative effects, such as urban sprawl and the divergence of urban–rural lifestyles with their related resource, land and energy consumption. Implicitly related to these developments, national and global sustainable development goals for the building sector lead to the question of how a region can be assessed without detailed research and surveys to identify critical areas with high potential for sustainable development. In this study, the TOPOI method is used. It classifies settlement units and their interconnections along the urban–rural gradient, in order to quantify and assess the land-uptake and global warming potential driven by residential developments. Applying standard planning parameters in combination with key data from a comprehensive life cycle assessment of the residential building stock, a detailed understanding of different settlement types and their associated resource and energy consumption is achieved.

scholarly journals Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Boukarta ◽  
Ewa Berezowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Residential Building Stock ◽  
Gas Consumption

AbstractIn the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.

Empirical assessment of the Hellenic non-residential building stock, energy consumption, emissions and potential energy savings

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina G. Gaglia ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras ◽  
Sevastianos Mirasgedis ◽  
Elena Georgopoulou ◽  
Yiannis Sarafidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Residential Building Stock

scholarly journals Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Do-Young Choi ◽  
Donghyun Seo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Building Stock

In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.

scholarly journals Assigning Energetic Archetypes to a Digital Cadastre and Estimating Building Heat Demand. An Example from Hamburg, Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Ivan Dochev ◽  
Hannes Seller ◽  
Irene Peters
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Building Heat ◽  
The City ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn view of the relatively large energy consumption of national building stocks, many cities and municipalities start to prepare energetic building stock models to monitor energy efficiency and plan policies at city or regional scales. In many cases, data on individual buildings is not available. A usual approach to this is the “archetype” approach – classifying the building stock into energetic types (archetypes). This classification is usually based on non-energetic properties available in digital cadastres (construction type, year of construction etc.) and can be a large source of error. We present our research into the difficulties and pitfalls associated with such an approach using the city of Hamburg as an example. In the end, we compare the modelled estimates with consumption data at three different levels to evaluate model performance.

scholarly journals Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM) for Energy Consumption Predictions in Dwellings under Current and Future Climate Conditions: A Case Study Located in Spain

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez-García ◽  
David Bienvenido-Huertas ◽  
Mónica Tristancho-Carvajal ◽  
Carlos Rubio-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Predictive Method ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Adaptive Comfort

Currently, the knowledge of energy consumption in buildings of new and existing dwellings is essential to control and propose energy conservation measures. Most of the predictions of energy consumption in buildings are based on fixed values related to the internal thermal ambient and pre-established operation hypotheses, which do not reflect the dynamic use of buildings and users’ requirements. Spain is a clear example of such a situation. This study suggests the use of an adaptive thermal comfort model as a predictive method of energy consumption in the internal thermal ambient, as well as several operation hypotheses, and both conditions are combined in a simulation model: the Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM). The behavior of ACCIM is studied in a representative case of the residential building stock, which is located in three climate zones with different characteristics (warm, cold, and mild climates). The analyses were conducted both in current and future scenarios with the aim of knowing the advantages and limitations in each climate zone. The results show that the average consumption of the current, 2050, and 2080 scenarios decreased between 23% and 46% in warm climates, between 19% and 25% in mild climates, and between 10% and 29% in cold climates by using such a predictive method. It is also shown that this method is more resilient to climate change than the current standard. This research can be a starting point to understand users’ climate adaptation to predict energy consumption.

scholarly journals Selection of Favourable Concept of Energy Retrofitting Solution for Social Housing in the Czech Republic Based on Economic Parameters, Greenhouse Gases, and Primary Energy Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Katerina Sojkova ◽  
Martin Volf ◽  
Antonin Lupisek ◽  
Roman Bolliger ◽  
Tomas Vachal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Residential Building Stock

Energy retrofitting of existing building stock has significant potential for the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Roughly half of the CO2 emissions from Czech building stock are estimated to be allocated to residential buildings. Approximately one-third of the Czech residential building stock have already been retrofitted, but retrofitting mostly takes place in large cities due to greater income. A favourable concept for the mass retrofitting of residential building stock, affordable even in low-income regions, was of interest. For a reference building, multi-criteria assessment of numerous retrofitting measures was performed. The calculation involved different building elements, materials, solutions, and energy-efficiency levels in combination with various heating systems. The assessment comprised environmental impact, represented by operational and embodied primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and investment and operational costs using the annuity method. Analysis resulted in the identification of favourable retrofitting measures and showed that complex building retrofitting is advantageous from both a cost and an environmental point of view. The environmental burden could be decreased by approximately 10–30% even without photovoltaic installation, and costs per year could be decreased by around 40%.

Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission of Buildings Built with Industrialized Technology: The Case of Debrecen and Future Trends

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Tamás Csoknyai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Inefficient Operation

The residential buildings built with prefabricated technology (also called panel buildings) represent a significant part of the building stock, particularly in Eastern Europe. These buildings are typically 30-40 years old and due to their poor energy performance they have been in the focus of energy policy makers over the recent years. These buildings are typically connected to district heating systems and the continuously decreasing heat demand caused by the renovation subsidy programs resulting in risks of inefficient operation and on the long term it questions the viability of the district heating systems. Therefore it is particularly important to have a clear picture on the energy consumption trends about this segment of the building stock. In this paper, the building stock of the city of Debrecen connected to district heating is analysed. The current energy consumption figures of the buildings are analysed. In Debrecen, the share of retrofitted buildings is relatively low (appr. 15%), therefore a future trend analysis was also carried out. The results of this study can be interesting for other cities as well, particularly those with a significant share of “panel buildings”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document