scholarly journals Resistance Exercise Regulates Hepatic Lipolytic Factors as Effective as Aerobic Exercise in Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8307
Author(s):  
Ju Yong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity. The effect of resistance exercise without dietary restriction on the regulation of hepatic lipolytic factors is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on hepatic lipolytic factors of obese mice. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were divided into HFD + sedentary (HF), HFD + aerobic exercise, and HFD + resistance exercise groups. Exercise group mice were subjected to treadmill or ladder climbing exercise for 8 weeks. Fat mass and liver triglycerides were significantly decreased in both aerobic and resistance training groups. In the results of protein levels related to hepatic steatosis, HFD significantly increased liver cannabinoid receptor 1 and sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1). Both aerobic and resistance training significantly (p < 0.05) increased liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, phosphor-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and p-AMPK/AMPK and decreased liver SREBP-1. However, the type of exercise did not exert any significant effects on these protein levels. Thus, resistance exercise, similarly to aerobic exercise, effectively regulated hepatic lipolytic factors of obese mice. Therefore, a sustainable type of exercise selected based on the fitness level, disease type, musculoskeletal disorder status, and preference of the patients is the best exercise intervention for alleviating NAFLD.

scholarly journals Both Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Even in the Absence of Weight Reduction in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Yong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Abstract Background: This study aimed at analyzing how aerobic and resistance exercise without dietary restriction could affect fat accumulation in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods: Mice, divided into normal (CO) and high-fat diet (HF) groups, were fed normal or 60 % HFD diets for 8 weeks, respectively. The HF group was then subdivided into HFD + sedentary (HF), HFD + aerobic training (HFAT), and HFD + resistance training (HFRT) groups. The mice in the training groups underwent treadmill or ladder climbing training for 8 weeks.Results: Although the HFAT and HFRT group body weight did not decrease, fat mass significantly decreased in the training groups than that in the HF group. Liver triglyceride levels in the HF group significantly increased compared to the CO group while no significant difference was detected in the training groups. HFD significantly induced an increase of liver cannabinoid-1 receptor, Sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and fatty acid synthase. Both aerobic and resistance training significantly induced the increase of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase1, phosphor AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and p-AMPK/AMPK while inducing a decrease of liver SREBP-1. However, the type of exercise did not cause any significant difference.Conclusions: Both aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improved fat mass and NAFLD even without weight reduction in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, a selected sustainable type of exercise based on the fitness level, type of disease, musculoskeletal disorders status, and preference of subjects, would be the best exercise intervention for alleviating NAFLD.

scholarly journals Phloretin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through regulation of lipogenesis and Sirt1/AMPK signaling in obese mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chian-Jiun Liou ◽  
Shu-Ju Wu ◽  
Szu-Chuan Shen ◽  
Li-Chen Chen ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Phloretin is isolated from apple trees and could increase lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Previous studies have found that phloretin could prevent obesity in mice. In this study, we investigated whether phloretin ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and evaluated the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid to induce lipid accumulation, and then treated with phloretin to evaluate the molecular mechanism of lipogenesis. In another experiment, male C57BL/6 mice were fed normal diet or HFD (60% fat, w/w) for 16 weeks. After the fourth week, mice were treated with or without phloretin by intraperitoneal injection for 12 weeks. Results Phloretin significantly reduced excessive lipid accumulation and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, blocking the expression of fatty acid synthase in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Phloretin increased Sirt1, and phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase to suppress acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression, reducing fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes. Phloretin also reduced body weight and fat weight compared to untreated HFD-fed mice. Phloretin also reduced liver weight and liver lipid accumulation and improved hepatocyte steatosis in obese mice. In liver tissue from obese mice, phloretin suppressed transcription factors of lipogenesis and fatty acid synthase, and increased lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Furthermore, phloretin regulated serum leptin, adiponectin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid levels in obese mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that phloretin improves hepatic steatosis by regulating lipogenesis and the Sirt-1/AMPK pathway in the liver.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Exercise Intervention without Weight Loss and Dietary Changes in NAFLD-Related Clinical Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3135
Author(s):  
Ambrin Farizah Babu ◽  
Susanne Csader ◽  
Johnson Lok ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Kati Hanhineva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Dietary Changes

One of the focuses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment is exercise. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise without dietary changes on NAFLD-related clinical parameters (liver parameters, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites) were screened using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on 13 February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed on 10 studies with 316 individuals who had NAFLD across three exercise regimens: aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of both. No studies investigating the role of gut microbiota and exercise in NAFLD were found. A quality assessment via the (RoB)2 tool was conducted and potential publication bias, statistical outliers, and influential cases were identified. Overall, exercise without significant weight loss significantly reduced the intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content (SMD: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.04, −0.48) and concentrations of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.14), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (SMD: −0.68, 95% CI: −1.21, −0.15), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.66, −0.02), and triglycerides (TG) (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.02). The concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were non-significantly altered. Aerobic exercise alone significantly reduced IHL, ALT, and AST; resistance training alone significantly reduced TC and TG; a combination of both exercise types significantly reduced IHL. To conclude, exercise overall likely had a beneficial effect on alleviating NAFLD without significant weight loss. The study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020221168 and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813781.

Resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise combined with metformin therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12-week comparative clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Study Program

Backgrounds: Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while no previous studies have investigated the effect of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients Methods: Fifty-seven T2DM patients with a mean age of 46.2±8.3 years were randomized to three study groups, each group included nineteen patients. The first group conducted a resistance exercise program (REP, 50-60% of 1RM, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, the second group conducted an aerobic exercise program (AEP, 50-70% maxHR, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, and the third group received only metformin without exercise intervention (Met group). The study program was conducted trice weekly for executive twelve weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated before and after study intervention. Results: Significant differences were reported after the 12-week intervention inter-groups in the outcome variables (p˂0.05). FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max improved significantly in REP group (p˂0.001) and also in the AEP group (p=0.016, p=0.036, p=0.024, and p=0.019 respectively) while the Met group showed only significant reduction in FBG (p=0.049), and non-significant changes in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max (p˃0.05). REP group achieved greater improvements than AEP group (FBG, p=0.034; HbA1c%, p=0.002; HOMA-IR, p˂0.001; and VO2max, p=0.024). Conclusions: Both resistance and aerobic exercise programs combined with metformin are effective in controlling T2DM. Resistance exercise combined with metformin is more effective than aerobic exercise combined with metformin in the treatment of T2DM.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on the Psycho-cognitive Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Umar Zaman ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salleh ◽  
Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ◽  
Haliza Hasan ◽  
Mokhtar Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Single Bout

The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while others exhibited similar results with the control groups.

Gene expression signature of exercise and change of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. Melo ◽  
A. Hagar ◽  
J.E. Klaunig
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Expression Signature

Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are particularly prevalent in the general Western adult population, with around one third of the population suffering from the disease. Evidence shows that NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndromes such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Currently, the sole therapy for NAFLD involves exercise intervention. Studies showed that, with and without weight loss, exercise interventions produced a significant cutback in intrahepatic lipid content in humans, but better controlled studies that can investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms are still lacking. In the current study we perform RNA sequencing analysis on liver samples from C57BL/6 mice submitted to aerobic exercise and diet interventions that are human-translatable and determine the genetic expression signature of exercise in the NAFLD onset. We show that aerobic exercise affects genes and pathways related to liver metabolism, muscle contraction and relaxation, immune response and inflammation, and development of liver cancer, counteracting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma development. While genes and pathways implicating immune response are activated by aerobic exercise in all interventions, the most effective intervention in terms of improvement of NASH is the combination of aerobic exercise with change of diet.

Resistance Training, But Not Aerobic Exercise Training Attenuates The IGFBP-1 Response To Acute Resistance Exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S59
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Joseph A. Alemany ◽  
Alexander P. Tuckow ◽  
Jeffery S. Staab ◽  
Kevin R. Rarick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

scholarly journals Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Santa Mina ◽  
Michael K. Connor ◽  
Shabbir M.H. Alibhai ◽  
Paul Toren ◽  
Crissa Guglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Igfbp 3

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has significant deleterious effects on body composition that may be accompanied by unfavourable changes in adipokine levels. While exercise has been shown to improve a number of side effects associated with ADT for prostate cancer, no studies have assessed the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels, which have been shown to alter the mitogenic environment.Methods: Twenty-six men with prostate cancer treated with ADT were randomized to home-based aerobic exercise training or resistance exercise training for 24 weeks. Adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), in addition to physical activity volume, peak aerobic capacity, and anthropometric measurements, at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.Results: Resistance exercise significantly reduced IGF-1 after 3 months (p = 0.019); however, this change was not maintained at 6 months. At 6 months, IGFBP-3 was significantly increased compared to baseline for the resistance training group (p = 0.044). In an exploratory analysis of all exercisers, favourable changes in body composition and aerobic fitness were correlated with favourable levels of leptin, and favourable leptin:adiponectin and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratios at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: Home-based exercise is correlated with positive changes in adipokine levels and the IGF-axis that may be related to healthy changes in physical fitness and body composition. While the improvements of adipokine markers appear to be more apparent with resistance training compared to aerobic exercise, these findings must be considered cautiously and require replication from larger randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of exercise on adipokines and IGF-axis proteins for men with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Resistance Training in Hypoxia as a New Therapeutic Modality for Sarcopenia—A Narrative Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Won-Sang Jung ◽  
Sung-Woo Kim ◽  
Jeong-Weon Kim ◽  
Hun-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
Low Altitude

Hypoxic training is believed to be generally useful for improving exercise performance in various athletes. Nowadays, exercise intervention in hypoxia is recognized as a new therapeutic modality for health promotion and disease prevention or treatment based on the lower mortality and prevalence of people living in high-altitude environments than those living in low-altitude environments. Recently, resistance training in hypoxia (RTH), a new therapeutic modality combining hypoxia and resistance exercise, has been attempted to improve muscle hypertrophy and muscle function. RTH is known to induce greater muscle size, lean mass, increased muscle strength and endurance, bodily function, and angiogenesis of skeletal muscles than traditional resistance exercise. Therefore, we examined previous studies to understand the clinical and physiological aspects of sarcopenia and RTH for muscular function and hypertrophy. However, few investigations have examined the combined effects of hypoxic stress and resistance exercise, and as such, it is difficult to make recommendations for implementing universal RTH programs for sarcopenia based on current understanding. It should also be acknowledged that a number of mechanisms proposed to facilitate the augmented response to RTH remain poorly understood, particularly the role of metabolic, hormonal, and intracellular signaling pathways. Further RTH intervention studies considering various exercise parameters (e.g., load, recovery time between sets, hypoxic dose, and intervention period) are strongly recommended to reinforce knowledge about the adaptational processes and the effects of this type of resistance training for sarcopenia in older people.

scholarly journals AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) CHANGE IN PERSON WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muriyati Muriyati ◽  
Patima Patima ◽  
A. Suswani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Introduction. Aerobic Gymnastics is one type of exercise that increases fatty acid oxidation so that can lose weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on body mass index (BMI) changes in person with obesity. Methods. This study was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-post test design. Individuals with obesity / overweight do aerobic exercise for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Before aerobic exercise, the body mass index (BMI) measured and then after aerobic exercise done reassess the Body Mass Index (BMI). The number of sample studied were 30 women aged between 17-22 years old.Results.The results showed that BMI scores before aerobic exercise intervention is average of 27.54 and the average BMI of the respondents after attending aerobics for 6 weeks was 26.65 with a probability value (p = 0.000) smaller than (p = 0.05), which means that there is effect of aerobic exercise with BMI change. Discussion. BMI levels have changed significantly after aerobic exercise for 6 weeks.Keywords: BMI, aerobic, obesity

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