scholarly journals A Parental Smoking Cessation Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8151
Author(s):  
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens ◽  
Robert T. Ammerman ◽  
Jane C. Khoury ◽  
Meredith E. Tabangin ◽  
Lili Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emergency Visit ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Mean

We examined the efficacy of a pediatric emergency visit-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) condition compared to a control condition (Healthy Habits Control, HHC) to help parental smokers quit smoking. We enrolled 750 parental smokers who presented to the pediatric emergency setting with their child into a two-group randomized controlled clinical trial. SBIRT participants received brief cessation coaching, quitting resources, and up to 12-weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). HHC participants received healthy lifestyle coaching and resources. The primary outcome was point-prevalence tobacco abstinence at six weeks (T1) and six months (T2). The mean (SD) age of parents was 31.8 (7.7) years, and 86.8% were female, 52.7% were Black, and 64.6% had an income of ≤$15,000. Overall abstinence rates were not statistically significant with 4.2% in both groups at T1 and 12.9% and 8.3% in the SBIRT and HHC groups, respectively, at T2. There were statistically significant differences in SBIRT versus HHC participants on the median (IQR) reduction of daily cigarettes smoked at T1 from baseline (−2 [−5, 0] versus 0 [−4, 0], p = 0.0008),at T2 from baseline (−4 [−9, −1] vs. −2 [−5, 0], p = 0.0006), and on the mean (SD) number of quit attempts at T2 from baseline (1.25 (6.5) vs. 0.02 (4.71), p = 0.02). Self-reported quitting rates were higher in SBIRT parents who received NRT (83.3% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.04). The novel use of the pediatric emergency visit to conduct cessation interventions helped parents quit smoking. The near equivalent abstinence rates in both the SBIRT and HHC groups may be due to underlying parental concern about their child’s health. Cessation interventions in this setting may result in adult and pediatric public health benefits.

scholarly journals Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Beard ◽  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Mirte A G Kuipers ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aim To quantify population-level associations between quit attempts and factors that have varied across 2007–2017 in England. Methods Data from 51 867 past-year smokers participating in the Smoking Toolkit Study (a monthly cross-sectional survey of individuals aged 16+) were aggregated over an 11-year period. Time series analysis was undertaken using ARIMAX modeling. The input series were: (1) prevalence of smoking reduction using (a) e-cigarettes and (b) nicotine replacement therapy; (2) prevalence of roll-your-own tobacco use; (3) prevalence of (a) smoking and (b) non-daily smoking; (4) mass media expenditure; (5) average expenditure on smoking; (6) characteristics in the form of (a) prevalence of high motivation to quit, (b) average age, (c) proportion from lower social grades, and (d) average number of cigarettes smoked; and (7) implementation of tobacco control policies. Results There was a decline in the prevalence of quit attempts from 44.6% to 33.8% over the study period. The partial point-of-sale ban was associated with a temporary increase in quit attempt prevalence (Badjusted = 0.224%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.061 to 0.388). Quit attempts were positively associated with the prevalence of high motivation to quit (Badjusted = 0.165%;95% CI 0.048 to 0.282) and negatively associated with the mean age of smokers (Badjusted = −1.351%; 95% CI −2.168 to −0.534). All other associations were nonsignificant. Conclusion Increases in the prevalence of high motivation to quit was associated with higher prevalence of attempts to quit smoking, while an increase in the mean age of smokers was associated with lower prevalence. The introduction of the partial point-of-sale ban appeared to have a temporary positive impact. Implications This study provides insight into how monthly changes in a wide range of population-level factors are associated with changes in quit attempts over an extended time period in a country with a strong tobacco control climate. The findings suggest a need for intervention or policy to stimulate quit attempts in older smokers. Otherwise, increases in the mean age of a smokers appears likely to undermine wider efforts to promote quit attempts in a population.

scholarly journals MASTERING HEALTH-PRESERVING TECHNOLOGIES BY HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS WITH THE HELP OF THE DISCIPLINE "GENERAL THEORY OF HEALTH AND FUNDAMENTALS OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE".

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Svitlana Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Theory Of Health

The article substantiates the necessity of forming students' motivation to develop a way of life with health-preserving technologies. The purpose of the article is to substantiate for students the necessity to study the discipline "General Theory of Health and Fundamentals of Healthy Lifestyle ". The analysis of the available publications showed that the formation of motivation to be healthy, be harmoniously developed, lead a rational lifestyle from the point of view of maintaining health is an important factor in modern society, as the health of the population determines the country's national security and its national wealth. The study of the discipline provides for the formation of students' competencies: readiness for physical and mental self-development; the ability to independently analyze the state of health; the ability to make responsible decisions; the ability to make informed choices for a healthy lifestyle; the ability to act in the environment while maintaining own health; the ability to independently make decisions and be responsible for their results. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of somatic, mental, reproductive and spiritual health. Quantitative assessment of an individual's health has been determined; the methodology and methods of formation and preservation of health are considered. The article also presents the basics of healthy lifestyle and the formation of students' motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The research provides examples of practical exercises. The students investigated the risk of myocardial infarction in five people of different ages by nine parameters: age, gender, genetic predisposition, attitude to stress, blood pressure, dietary habits, physical activity, and body weight. Each of the parameters was assessed subjectively. The student had to analyze the results obtained and substantiate a program for the prevention of myocardial infarction. Also, students were asked to rank the priorities of family life. The students were particularly interested in the discussion on the topic: "Love is…" It is shown that health-preserving technologies positively influenced the attitude of students to their health: 30% started to engage in group sports activities, 39% began to do such activities on their own; two out of four quit smoking, while having moderate alcohol consumption before starting the course. According to the students the course is essential and contributes to the formation of healthy habits in everyday life.

A cluster-controlled clinical trial of two prophylactic silicone sacral dressings to prevent sacral pressure injuries in critically ill patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Stankiewicz ◽  
Jodie Gordon ◽  
Joel Dulhunty ◽  
Wendy Brown ◽  
Hamish Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean

Objective Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have increased risk of pressure injury (PI) development due to critical illness. This study compared two silicone dressings used in the Australian ICU setting for sacral PI prevention. Design A cluster-controlled clinical trial of two sacral dressings with four alternating periods of three months' duration. Setting A 10-bed general adult ICU in outer-metropolitan Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Participants Adult participants who did not have a sacral PI present on ICU admission and were able to have a dressing applied for more than 24 hours without repeated dislodgement or soiling in a 24-hour period (>3 times). Interventions Dressing 1 (Allevyn Gentle Border Sacrum™, Smith & Nephew) and Dressing 2 (Mepilex Border Sacrum™, Mölnlycke). Main outcomes measures The primary outcome was the incidence of a new sacral PI (stage 1 or greater) per 100 dressing days in the ICU. Secondary outcomes were the mean number of dressings per patient, the cost difference of dressings to prevent a sacral PI and product integrity. Results There was no difference in the incidence of a new sacral PI (0.44 per 100 dressing days for both products, p = 1.00), the mean number of dressings per patient per day (0.50 for both products, p = 0.51) and product integrity (85% for Dressing 1 and 84% for Dressing 2, p = 0.69). There was a dressing cost difference per patient (A$10.29 for Dressing 1 and A$28.84 for Dressing 2, p < 0.001). Conclusions Similar efficacy, product use and product integrity, but differential cost, were observed for two prophylactic silicone dressings in the prevention of PIs in the intensive care patient. We recommend the use of sacral prophylactic dressings for at-risk patients, with the choice of product based on ease of application, clinician preference and overall cost-effectiveness of the dressing.

Comparision of two fluoride varnishes for controlling white spot lesions. Randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Alberto Luengo - Fereira
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare two fluorinated varnishes for the control of white spot lesions.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 103 active whitespot lesions on permanent upper anterior teeth from 24 patients, aged 7 to 9 years were randomly assigned totwo groups, G1: Duraphat® (n=52) and G2: DuraShield® (n=51). Weekly applications were perform for fourconsecutive weeks. Fifth week the dimension, regression and activity of the lesions were evaluated. Student’sT test, Wilcoxon Ranks and Chi square were used at 5% significance. Results: At the end of the study, the lesion reduction was observed in 69.7%, finding significant differences(p<0.05) in the mean of the initial and final dimensions in general (2.74 mm to 1.91 mm) and in each group, G1(2.84 mm to 2.03 mm), G2 (2.64 mm to 1.78 mm). In the activity of the lesions, it was found in the G1, 12 active and6 inactive lesions; while in G2, there were 14 active and 29 inactive; these differences were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The two evaluated products showed similar clinical efficacy in the remineralization of activewhite spot lesions after 4 weeks of therapy.

STRUKTUR NARASI NOVEL CA BAU KAN, KARYA REMY SYLADO ANALISIS SEMIOTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sri Sabakti
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Scheme ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Mean

This research is aimed to expose the narrative structure of the novel Ca Bau Kan by using semiotical theory. The source of the data is the novel Ca Bau kan written by Remy Silado and published by KPG, eight edition, 2004. The data is collected by doing the library research. The teory applied in this research is the emiotical theory, especially the literary analysis of Subur Laksono Wardoyo that the analysis of the text of prose can be applied by using three fases; the analysis of the basic scheme narrative, the analysis of mean signifier, and the analysis of syntagmatics and pragmatics. The result of this research showed that the narrative structure in the novel CBK that (1) the life of Tinung before being a ca bau kan, (2) the life of Tinung as a ca bau kan, and (3) the life of Tinung after not being a ca bau kan anymore. Based on the narrative structure, it was found that “ Love is only one. No measurement is needed” is the mean signifier and able to be clarified by the analysis of syntagmatics-paradigmatics based on the biner oposition of weak x strong.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan stuktur narasi dalam novel Ca Bau Kan (CBK) dengan menggunakan teori semiotika. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data novel CBK karya Remy Silado yang diterbitkan oleh KPG, cetakan kedelapan tahun 2004. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan teknik kepustakaan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori semiotika, khususnya analisis sastra menurut Subur Laksono Wardoyo bahwa analisis teks prosa dapat dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: analisis skema naratif dasar, analisis signifier utama, dan analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa struktur narasi pada novel CBK adalah sebagai berikut: 1) kehidupan Tinung sebelum menjadi ca bau kan, 2) kehidupan Tinung sebagai ca bau kan, dan 3) kehidupan Tinung setelah tidak menjadi ca bau kan. Berdasarkan struktur narasi, maka didapatkan bahwa “Cinta cuma satu, kagak perlu takaran” merupakan penanda utama dan dapat diperjelas melalui analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik yang didasarkan atas sebuah oposisi biner lemah x kuat.

scholarly journals Novel Radiographic Indexes for Elbow Stability Assessment: Part B—Preliminary Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Luceri ◽  
Davide Cucchi ◽  
Enrico Rosagrata ◽  
Carlo Eugenio Zaolino ◽  
Alessandra Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Joint Congruency ◽  
Radiological Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction The coronoid process plays a key-role in preserving elbow stability. Currently, there are no radiographic indexes conceived to assess the intrinsic elbow stability and the joint congruency. The aim of this study is to present new radiological parameters, which will help assess the intrinsic stability of the ulnohumeral joint and to define normal values of these indexes in a normal, healthy population. Methods Four independent observers (two orthopaedic surgeons and two radiologists) selected lateral view X-rays of subjects with no history of upper limb disease or surgery. The following radiographic indexes were defined: trochlear depth index (TDI); anterior coverage index (ACI); posterior coverage index (PCI); olecranon–coronoid angle (OCA); radiographic coverage angle (RCA). Inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility were assessed for each index. Results 126 subjects were included. Standardized lateral elbow radiographs (62 left and 64 right elbows) were obtained and analysed. The mean TDI was 0.46 ± 0.06 (0.3–1.6), the mean ACI was 2.0 ± 0.2 (1.6–3.1) and the mean PCI was 1.3 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.9). The mean RCA was 179.6 ± 8.3° (normalized RCA: 49.9 ± 2.3%) and the mean OCA was 24.6 ± 3.7°. The indexes had a high-grade of inter-observer and intra-observer reliability for each of the four observers. Significantly higher values were found for males for TDI, ACI, PCI and RCA. Conclusion The novel radiological parameters described are simple, reliable and easily reproducible. These features make them a promising tool for radiographic evaluation both for orthopaedic surgeons and for radiologists in the emergency department setting or during outpatient services. Level of evidence Basic Science Study (Case Series). Clinical relevance The novel radiological parameters described are reliable, easily reproducible and become handy for orthopaedic surgeons as well as radiologists in daily clinical practice.

Tobacco use, knowledge of harms, and cessation support among patients with non-tobacco related cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24029-e24029
Author(s):  
Laura Vater ◽  
Anup Trikannad Ashwini Kumar ◽  
Neha Sehgal ◽  
Maria Khan ◽  
Kelsey Bullens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Prescribe Medication ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quit Attempts

e24029 Background: Continued cigarette smoking among patients with cancer leads to numerous adverse health outcomes, even among patients with non-tobacco-related cancers such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Continued smoking is associated with poorer response to cancer treatment, increased risk for treatment-related toxicities, and shorter overall survival. While some patients with a smoking-related cancer make efforts to quit smoking at the time of diagnosis, patients with other forms of cancer might not understand the negative effects of continued smoking. In this study, we assessed patient knowledge of the harms of continued smoking, previous cessation attempts, and cessation support. Methods: We surveyed 102 adults with breast, colon, and prostate cancer at three locations: an NCI-designated cancer center, an urban safety-net medical center, and a rural cancer center. Patients were asked about current smoking behaviors, beliefs about the harms of continued smoking, quit attempts and resources used, and cessation support. We also surveyed seven oncologists to assess beliefs about harms of continued smoking, cessation support provided to patients, training and confidence in cessation counseling, and barriers to providing cessation support. Results: Most patients (82%) agreed or strongly agreed that continued smoking may shorten life expectancy, and 70% agreed or strongly agreed that continued smoking increased the risk of getting a different type of cancer. Only 41% of patients agreed or strongly agreed that continued smoking may cause more side effects from cancer treatment, and only 40% agreed or strongly agreed that ongoing smoking may affect treatment response. The majority of patients (86%) had tried to quit smoking for good, with an average 4.1 quit attempts per patient. Patients reported that physicians advised them to quit the majority of the time (92%), prescribed medication 33% of the time, and followed up on cessation attempts 43% of the time. Overall, oncologists had higher knowledge of the harms of continued smoking on treatment outcomes and survival. Those in practice for 20 years or more had higher confidence in cessation counseling than those in practice less than 4 years. Oncologists described lack of time and lack of confidence in cessation counseling as barriers to providing more cessation support. Conclusions: Among 102 patients with breast, colon, and prostate cancer who currently smoke, there was incomplete knowledge of the harms of continued smoking. Oncologists believe that tobacco cessation is important and frequently advise patients to quit, however they less frequently prescribe medication or follow up on cessation efforts. Interventions are needed to educate patients with cancer about the harms of continued smoking and to provide further cessation support.

scholarly journals Association Between Lifestyle and Hypertension in Patients Referred to Health Care Centers of Ilam City in 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shafieyan ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Babak Rastegari Mehr ◽  
Mohammad Mahboubi ◽  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Care Centers

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Lifestyle is referred to an individual’s healthy and unhealthy behaviors that can affect their health statues. The present study aim was association between lifestyle and hypertension in patients referred to healthcare centers of Ilam city in 2014.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS:</strong> This research study was a case-control study. The data were collected through a standard questionnaire of health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII) as well as the researcher’s direct visit to the health care centers in the city of Ilam. After the questionnaires were collected and classified, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, T-Tests and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The mean and the standard deviation of the age of the main and the control groups were 57.1 (2.22) and 56.5 (2.99) years old, respectively. 10.9%of the control group and 25.5. % of the cases was smoking cigarettes or hookah. The results of the data analysis showed that the mean scores obtained by the main and the control groups on measures of physical activity, psychological growth, stress and total lifestyleare significantly different, so that the obtained score in the dimensions in patients with hypertension was significantly lower than the score obtained among the healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>According to the results it seems that educational interventions in the field of healthy lifestyle for individuals with hypertension risk can have an effect on controlling this disease and reducing its incidence.</p>

scholarly journals Psychosocial and Behavioral Characteristics among Subgroups of Nondaily College Student Smokers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. TUI.S13440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devan R. Romero ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
College Student ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Public University ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

Nondaily smoking is becoming common in young adults and there appear to be different characteristics associated with past month smoking frequency among nondaily smokers. The present study examines behavioral and psychosocial correlates of smoking among subgroups of nondaily college student smokers ( N = 80; 18–25 years of age) attending a large, public university. Nondaily smokers were categorized based on the frequency of days smoked in the past month and were divided into two subgroups: 1–5 days and 6–29 days. A quarter of nondaily smokers considered themselves as a smoker and significantly more 6–29 nondaily smokers were identified as a smoker and smoked more cigarettes per day (CPD). Almost half (45%) of nondaily smokers have attempted to quit smoking completely and 71% of the 6–29 nondaily smokers reported significantly higher quit attempts. The 6–29 nondaily smokers had significantly higher perceived risk related to smoking. Self-efficacy to abstain from smoking was significantly higher for 1–5 nondaily smokers. These results suggest heterogeneity among subgroups of nondaily college student smokers exists in a number of behavioral and psychosocial factors. Prevention and cessation strategies may be improved by considering frequency of nondaily smoking and targeting subgroups differently.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document