scholarly journals The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Metabolic Syndrome Components amongst Young Adults Aged 21 to 31 Years: Ellisras Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki ◽  
Hlengani James Siweya ◽  
Han C. G. Kemper ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
Geofrey Musinguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Evidence is lacking on the effects of binge alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome in the rural South African population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between binge drinking and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) amongst Ellisras rural young adults aged 21 to 31 years who are part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Methods: Logistic regression analysis was applied to a total of 624 participants (306 males and 318 females) aged 21 to 31 years who took part in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS). The model was adjusted for covariates, including smoking, age, and gender. Binge alcohol consumption was assessed using a standardised questionnaire that was validated for the Ellisras rural community. A standardised method of determining the components MetS was used after fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants. Results: Binge drinking remained significantly associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.23–5.65), after being adjusted for smoking, age, and gender. Other MetS components were not predicted. Instead, gender remained significantly associated with all MetS components, except triglycerides, at multivariate analysis. Age retained significance at multivariate analysis with waist girth (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.37–3.34), triglycerides (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.05–5.02), and the MetS composite (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.12–2.41). Conclusion: Binge drinking was significantly associated with lower levels of HDL-C. Future studies should investigate the relationship between alcohol abuse and the components of incident MetS in this population.

scholarly journals Differences in drinking patterns between men and women in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia C Wolle ◽  
Marcos Sanches ◽  
Monica L Zilberman ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Marcos Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in alcohol consumption according to age groups, and to assess gender and age effects on several aspects of alcohol consumption patterns. METHOD: Based on a Brazilian nationwide representative sample (n = 3,007), we analysed the differences in drinking patterns between genders. We also assessed the effects of gender, age, and gender by age interaction for alcohol consumption dimensions (frequent drinking, usual intake, binge drinking, and frequent binge drinking), using logistic and negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Gender, age, and gender by age interaction had significant effects on the predictive models for all studied drinking patterns, except for the 'usual' dosage. The effect of gender on drinking patterns varies with age. While gender has a greater effect in older age groups, the difference between men and women decreased in the younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gender convergence regarding alcohol use is a trend that might be influenced by environmental factors and should be addressed in prevention and treatment programs, as well as in public health policies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Employees’ Current Salary: Multivariate analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Vranješ
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Experience Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Using a sample size of 200 R&D employees, this paper examines the relationship between the current salary and starting salary, previous experience, education, employees’ age and gender. The results provided by this study show that current salary is positively associated with employees’ salary at the beginning of the career and years of education. The author finds strong evidence that current salary is negatively associated with employees’ age, previous experience and gender. Furthermore, conducting cluster analysis, results provide two different groups. The first group consists of employees who are more likely to be included in the clerical type of jobs and the second group is specific to the other types of job.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Gender on the Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Serum GGT: Time to Recalibrate Goals for Normal Ranges

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Tynjälä ◽  
Päivikki Kangastupa ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
Mauri Aalto ◽  
Onni Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Use: The Mediating Role of Perceptions of Harm and Peer and Parental Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jérémie Richard ◽  
Loredana Marchica ◽  
Anthony Sciola ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Peer Attitudes ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to the development of a range of mental health problems and risky behaviors. Generally, adolescents who experienced a greater number of ACEs have been found to be at increased risk of substance use behaviors. This study investigated the association between ACEs and substance use (i.e., cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and cannabis use) as mediated by perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes towards each substance. Methods: A survey was completed by 6,304 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.75, SD = 1.76) in Wood County, Ohio, assessing ACEs, substance use behaviors, perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes towards each substance. Mediation models controlling for age and gender were conducted for each substance use behavior including perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes specific to each substance. Results: Controlling for age and gender, perceptions of harm and peer attitudes towards binge drinking partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and past month binge-drinking. For past month cannabis and cigarette smoking, peer and parental attitudes, but not perceptions of harm, partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and past month engagement in these substances. Implications: Greater perceptions of harm and negative attitudes by parents or peers may be protective against substance use behaviors among youth that have experienced ACEs. Early interventions focusing on increasing perceptions of harm along with promoting negative parental and peer attitudes towards substance use could decrease rates of use among those who experienced ACEs.

scholarly journals Study Regarding the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 3018-3022
Author(s):  
Dana Emilia Velimirovici ◽  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Mira Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
Milan Daniel Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between the serum level of uric acid (UA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to age and gender. The study included 395 patients (200 women and 195 men), with a mean age of 53.6�18 years. Hyperucemia (HU) was defined by a serum level UA �7mg/dL in men and � 6mg/dL in women (according to the EULAR guide), and MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study lot was 17.21%, and MetS was 35.44%. In women, the prevalence of HU and MetS increases with age: 13.88% of women over 65 years show HU, and 44.44% of them comprise the elements of MetS. In men, HU and MetS do not vary significantly depending on age. MetS has a higher prevalence in HU patients than in HU-free patients. HU prevalence in MetS patients was 32.65% in women versus 46.15% in men. In conclusions, the prevalence of HU and MetS differs significantly according to gender and age. The prevalence of MetS was higher in male subjects of medium age and HU did not vary significantly depending on age. In women, the prevalence of HU and MetS was higher in those over 65 years. Hyperuricemia in middle-aged female patients can predict the MetS development.

scholarly journals Age- and Gender-Related Differences in LDL-Cholesterol Management in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Russo ◽  
Basilio Pintaudi ◽  
Carlo Giorda ◽  
Giuseppe Lucisano ◽  
Antonio Nicolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Gender

Background. Dyslipidemia contribute to the excess of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk observed in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is the major target for CHD prevention, and T2DM women seem to reach LDL-C targets less frequently than men.Aim. To explore age- and gender-related differences in LDL-C management in a large sample of outpatients with T2DM.Results. Overall, 415.294 patients (45.3% women) from 236 diabetes centers in Italy were included. Women were older and more obese, with longer diabetes duration, higher total-cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C serum levels compared to men (P<0.0001). Lipid profile was monitored in ~75% of subjects, women being monitored less frequently than men, irrespective of age. More women did not reach the LDL-C target as compared to men, particularly in the subgroup treated with lipid-lowering medications. The between-genders gap in reaching LDL-C targets increased with age and diabetes duration, favouring men in all groups.Conclusions. LDL-C management is worst in women with T2DM, who are monitored and reach targets less frequently than T2DM men. Similarly to men, they do not receive medications despite high LDL-C. These gender discrepancies increase with age and diabetes duration, exposing older women to higher CHD risk.

scholarly journals No Self Without Salience: Affective and Self-relevance Ratings of 552 Emotionally Valenced and Neutral Dutch Words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora I. Dimitrova ◽  
Eline M. Vissia ◽  
Hanneke Geugies ◽  
Hedwig Hofstetter ◽  
Sima Chalavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is unknown how self-relevance is dependent on emotional salience. Emotional salience encompasses an individual's degree of attraction or aversion to emotionally-valenced information. The current study investigated the interconnection between self and salience through the evaluation of emotional valence and self-relevance. 56 native Dutch participants completed a questionnaire assessing valence, intensity, and self-relevance of 552 Dutch nouns and verbs. One-way repeated-measures ANCOVA investigated the relationship between valence and self, age and gender. Repeated-measures ANCOVA also tested the relationship between valence and self with intensity ratings and effects of gender and age. Results showed a significant main effect of valence for self-relevant words. Intensity analyses showed a main effect of valence but not of self-relevance. There were no significant effects of gender and age. The most important finding presents that self-relevance is dependent on valence. These findings concerning the relationship between self and salience opens avenues to study an individual's self-definition.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

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