scholarly journals Unplanned Readmission within 28 Days of Hospital Discharge in a Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort of Older Australian Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3136
Author(s):  
Dinberu S. Shebeshi ◽  
Xenia Dolja-Gore ◽  
Julie Byles
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Unplanned Readmission ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
English Speaking

This study aimed to estimate the incidence of 28-day unplanned readmission among older women, and associated factors. Data were used from the 1921–1926 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Linkage of self-reported survey data with the Admitted Patient Data Collection allowed the identification of hospital admissions for each woman and the corresponding baseline characteristics. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to identify factors associated with time to unplanned readmission, using SAS software V 9.4. (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Of 2056 women with index unplanned admission, 363 (17.5%) were readmitted within 28 days of discharge, and of these 229 (11.14%) had unplanned readmission. Among women with unplanned readmission, 24% were for the same condition as for the index hospitalisation. Cardiovascular diseases were the main diagnoses for the index admission and readmission. Unplanned readmission risk was higher if not partnered (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.95), of non-English speaking background (HR = 1.62%, 95% CI: 1.07–2.47), more than three days length of stay on index admission (HR = 1.41%, 95% CI: 1.04–1.90) and one or two of the assessed chronic diseases (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.19–2.36). At least one in ten women had unplanned readmission at some time between ages 75–95 years. Women who are not partnered, not of English-speaking background, with longer hospital stay and those with multi-morbidity, may need further efforts during their stay and on discharge to mitigate unplanned readmission.

Inter-pregnancy interval and later pediatric cardiovascular health of the offspring – a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Majdi Imterat ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Gali Pariente
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that a long inter-pregnancy interval (IPI: time interval between live birth and estimated time of conception of subsequent pregnancy) poses a risk for adverse short-term perinatal outcome. We aimed to study the effect of short (<6 months) and long (>60 months) IPI on long-term cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring. A population-based cohort study was performed in which all singleton live births in parturients with at least one previous birth were included. Hospitalizations of the offspring up to the age of 18 years involving cardiovascular diseases and according to IPI length were evaluated. Intermediate interval, between 6 and 60 months, was considered the reference. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare the cumulative morbidity incidence between the groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders. During the study period, 161,793 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 14.1% (n = 22,851) occurred in parturient following a short IPI, 78.6% (n = 127,146) following an intermediate IPI, and 7.3% (n = 11,796) following a long IPI. Total hospitalizations of the offspring, involving cardiovascular morbidity, were comparable between the groups. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated similar cumulative incidences of cardiovascular morbidity in all groups. In a Cox proportional hazards model, short and long IPI did not appear as independent risk factors for later pediatric cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.80–1.18; adjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.37, for short and long IPI, respectively). In our population, extreme IPIs do not appear to impact long-term cardiovascular hospitalizations of offspring.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and Outcome of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2825
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Yang ◽  
Chi-Chih Wang ◽  
Ming-Chang Tsai ◽  
Yao-Tung Wang ◽  
Ming-Hseng Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Hazards Model

The prognosis of different etiologies of liver cirrhosis (LC) is not well understood. Previous studies performed on alcoholic LC-dominated cohorts have demonstrated a few conflicting results. We aimed to compare the outcome and the effect of comorbidities on survival between alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC in a viral hepatitis-dominated LC cohort. We identified newly diagnosed alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC patients, aged ≥40 years old, between 2006 and 2011, by using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 472 alcoholic LC and 4313 non-alcoholic LC patients were identified in our study cohort. We found that alcoholic LC patients were predominantly male (94.7% of alcoholic LC and 62.6% of non-alcoholic LC patients were male) and younger (78.8% of alcoholic LC and 37.4% of non-alcoholic LC patients were less than 60 years old) compared with non-alcoholic LC patients. Non-alcoholic LC patients had a higher rate of concomitant comorbidities than alcoholic LC patients (79.6% vs. 68.6%, p < 0.001). LC patients with chronic kidney disease demonstrated the highest adjusted HRs of 2.762 in alcoholic LC and 1.751 in non-alcoholic LC (all p < 0.001). In contrast, LC patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia had a decreased risk of mortality. The six-year survival rates showed no difference between both study groups (p = 0.312). In conclusion, alcoholic LC patients were younger and had lower rates of concomitant comorbidities compared with non-alcoholic LC patients. However, all-cause mortality was not different between alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC patients.

scholarly journals Hyperlipidemia and Statins Use for the Risk of New Diagnosed Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Kidney: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hua Lin ◽  
She-Yu Chiu ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yu-Liang Lai ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hazards Model

Background: Previous research found that statins, in addition to its efficiency in treating hyperlipidemia, may also incur adverse drug reactions, which mainly include myopathies and abnormalities in liver function. Aim: This study aims to assess the risk for newly onset sarcopenia among patients with chronic kidney disease using statins. Material and Method: In a nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study, 75,637 clinically confirmed cases of chronic kidney disease between 1997 and 2011were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The selection of the chronic kidney disease cohort included a discharge diagnosis with chronic kidney disease or more than 3 outpatient visits with the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease found within 1 year. After consideration of patient exclusions, we finally got a total number of 67,001 cases of chronic kidney disease in the study. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform preliminary analysis on the effect of statins usage on the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia; the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates was conducted to take into consideration the individual temporal differences in medication usage, and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval after controlling for gender, age, income, and urbanization. Results: Our main findings indicated that patients with chronic kidney disease who use statins seem to effectively prevent patients from occurrences of sarcopenia, high dosage of statins seem to show more significant protective effects, and the results are similar over long-term follow-up. In addition, the risk for newly diagnosed sarcopenia among patients with lipophilic statins treatment was lower than that among patients with hydrophilic statins treatment. Conclusion: It seems that patients with chronic kidney disease could receive statin treatment to reduce the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia. Additionally, a higher dosage of statins could reduce the incidence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Disparities in receipt of radiotherapy and survival by age, sex, and race among patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 721-721
Author(s):  
Doug Baughman ◽  
Krishna Bilas Ghimire ◽  
Binay Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
To Receive

721 Background: Combination chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for treatment of non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). This population-based study evaluated disparities in receipt of radiotherapy (RT) and its effect on survival in patients with localized and regional SCCA in the United States. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 database was used to identify patients with localized and regional SCCA diagnosed between 1998 and 2008. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to model the relationships between receipt of RT and age, sex, marital status, stage, and race. Relative survival rates were calculated and compared using two sample z-tests. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to find adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Results: A total of 3,971 patients with localized or regional SCCA as the only primary malignancy were included in the study, of which 3,278 (82.6%) received RT. After adjusting for covariates, those 65 years and older (adjusted OR 0.82, p=0.029) were less likely to receive RT. Females were more likely to receive RT compared to males (adjusted OR 1.54, p<0.001). We found no difference in receipt of RT by race. Comparisons of 1- and 5-year relative survival rates showed lower survival for blacks (p-value <0.01 at 1-year and <0.0001 at 5-years), those 65 years and older, and males. A 1-year survival disparity was found for those not receiving RT (p-value <0.0001 at 1-year), but no difference was observed at 5-years. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for all covariates showed greater hazard for blacks (adjusted HR 1.36, p=0.001), those not receiving RT (adjusted HR 1.23, p=0.03), patients 65 years or older, and males. Conclusions: This population based study identified older patients as less likely to receive RT and females as more likely to receive RT. Survival analysis identified blacks, males, older patients, and those not receiving RT as having lower rates of survival.

Abstract P390: Relationship between BMI and Risk of Hypertension in an urban Japanese cohort study: the Suita study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michikazu Nakai ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Kunihiro Nishimura ◽  
Misa Takegami ◽  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: The positive relation between body mass index (BMI) and risk of incident hypertension (HT) has been reported mainly in the Western subjects with high BMI. However, there are a few reports in the Asian with relatively lower BMI. This study investigated the relation of BMI with risk of incident HT in the population-based prospective cohort study of Japan, the Suita study. Methods: Participants who had no HT at baseline (1,591 men and 1,973 women) aged 30-84 years were included in this study. BMI categories were defined as following: underweight (BMI<18.5), normal (18.5≤BMI<25.0), and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of BMI categories for incident HT by sex. HRs were adjusted for age, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. The HRs according to quartiles of BMI were also estimated, using the lowest quartile of BMI as a reference. Results: During median follow-up of 7.2 years, 1,325 participants (640 men and 685 women) developed HT. The HR (95% CI) of 1kg/m2 increment of BMI for HT in men and women was 1.08 (1.05-1.11) and 1.10 (1.07-1.12), respectively. When we set a normal BMI as a reference, HR of overweight BMI in men and women was 1.37 (1.13-1.67) and 1.45 (1.18-1.77), whereas HR of underweight BMI in men and women was 0.63 (0.45-0.90) and 0.60 (0.45-0.80), respectively. In addition, compared to the lowest quartile, HR of the highest quartile of BMI in men and women was 1.67 (1.33-2.10, trend p<0.001) and 2.10 (1.67-2.64, trend p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that higher BMI was associated with increased risk of hypertension in both Japanese men and women.

scholarly journals Treatment and survival of patients with nonmalignant intracranial meningioma: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Cahill ◽  
Elizabeth B. Claus
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
End Results

Object The authors conducted a study to determine population-based estimates of survival following the diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant intracranial meningioma in the US in the modern era. Methods Patients with nonmalignant intracranial meningioma were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for the years 2004–2007. Predictors of undergoing resection were identified and odds ratios calculated. Estimates of survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimation method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results There were 12,284 patients with a diagnosis of nonmalignant intracranial meningioma included in the analysis. Only 55% had histological confirmation of the diagnosis of nonmalignant meningioma. Resection was used as an initial treatment in 43% of cases. Patients treated with surgery were more likely to be younger (OR 9.3, 95% CI 8.1–10.7, for resection in patients age 40–59 years compared with age > 80 years), male (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5, for males compared with females), white (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, for black patients compared with white patients), and have larger tumors (OR 11.8, 95% CI 10.3–13.6, for tumors of the largest quartile compared with the smallest quartile). Patients treated with resection had a 3-year postdiagnosis survival estimate of 93.4% (95% CI 92.5%–94.3%) compared with 88.3% (95% CI 85.5%–90.6%) in patients not treated with resection (p < 0.01). Younger patient age, female sex, unilateral tumors, and resection were predictors of improved postdiagnosis survival after multivariate adjustment in patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas. Conclusions This analysis represents the first modern population-based analysis of treatment patterns and outcomes in US patients with nonmalignant intracranial meningioma. Over 85% of patients survive 3 years after diagnosis, and resection is associated with improved survival.

scholarly journals Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the modern era: Predictors of use, morbidity, and survival

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Minnillo ◽  
William Tabayoyong ◽  
John J. Francis ◽  
Matthew J. Maurice ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cytoreductive Nephrectomy ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Modern Era

Introduction: To determine tumour, patient, and provider factors associated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) use and to identify those factors that predicted short-term and long-term surgical outcomes.Methods: We performed a retrospective review (1998‒2011) of the National Cancer Database, a U.S. population-based oncology outcomes database. The review included 36 549 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We assessed predictors of CN use, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality using multivariable logistic regression. The Cox proportional hazards model assessed predictors of overall survival (OS).Results: Overall, 10 809 (29.6%) patients received CN, increasing from 15.2% to 36.1% over time. Private insurance (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16‒1.37) and academic facilities (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.68‒1.99) were associated with receiving CN (p<0.0001). Charlson score ≥2 and older age group were less likely to undergo surgery (p<0.0001). Median LOS was five days (interquartile range [IQR] 3‒7), while 30-day readmission and 30-day mortality were 5.3% and 3.3%, respectively. Undergoing CN (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48; 95% CI 0.44‒0.52; p<0.0001) and treatment at academic centres (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81‒0.95; p=0.001) were independently associated with improved OS. Limitation includes retrospective design with possible selection bias.Conclusions: Increased CN use continues in the modern era, with relatively low surgical morbidity. Further study is required to determine if the finding of lower all-cause mortality in patients treated at academic centres is due to improved care or unmeasured confounders.

scholarly journals Survival rate of patients with bladder cancer and its related factors in Kurdistan Province (2013–2018): a population-based study

BMC Urology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhdeh Amiri ◽  
Sofimajidpour Heshmatollah ◽  
Nader Esmaeilnasab ◽  
Jamshid Khoubi ◽  
Ebrahim Ghaderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hazards Model

Abstract Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common urinary tract cancers. This study aims to estimate the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer according to the Cox proportional hazards model based on some key relevant variables. Methods In this retrospective population-based cohort study that explores the survival of patients with bladder cancer and its related factors, we first collected demographic information and medical records of 321 patients with bladder cancer through in-person and telephone interviews. Then, in the analysis phase, Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to draw the survival curve, compare the groups, and explore the effect of risk factors on the patient survival rate using Cox proportional hazards model. Results The median survival rate of patients was 63.2 (54.7–72) months and one, three and five-year survival rates were 87%, 68% and 54%, respectively. The results of multiple analyses using Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that variables of sex (male gender) (HR = 11.8, 95% CI: 0.4–100.7), more than 65 year of age (HR = 4.1, 95% CI: 0.4–11), occupation, income level, (HR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8), well differentiated tumor grade (HR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7–6) and disease stage influenced the survival rate of patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion The survival rate of patients with bladder cancer in Kurdistan province is relatively low. Given the impact of the disease stage on the survival rate, adequate access to appropriate diagnostic and treatment services as well as planning for screening and early diagnosis, especially in men, can increase the survival rate of patients.

scholarly journals 466 PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF FRAILTY IN PATIENTS HOSPITALISED WITH COVID-19. THE SALFORD EXPERIENCE IN WAVES 1 AND 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii14-ii18
Author(s):  
A Khan ◽  
F R Espinoza ◽  
T Kneen ◽  
A Dafnis ◽  
H Allafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Hazards Model

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had an extensive impact on the frail older population, with significant rates of COVID-related hospital admissions and deaths amongst this vulnerable group. There is little evidence comparing the prevalence and impact of frailty amongst patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in wave 1 vs wave 2 of the pandemic. Methods Prospective observational study of all consecutive patients admitted to Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (SRFT) between 27th February and 28th of April 2020 (wave 1), and 1st October to 10th November 2020 (wave 2) with a diagnosis of COVID-19. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, biochemical parameters, and frailty (using the Clinical Frailty Scale, score 1–4 = not frail, score 5–9 = frail) were collected. A Cox proportional hazards model associating wave and frailty with mortality was used. A logistic regression model was used to associate patient characteristics with wave. Both models adjusted for patient characteristics. Results A total of 700 patients were included (N = 429, wave 1; N = 271, wave 2). In wave 1, 42% (N = 180) were female; median age was 72; 37% (N = 160) were non-survivors, 49% (N = 212) were frail (CFS 5–9). In wave 2, 38% (N = 104) were female; median age was 73; 30% (N = 80) were non-survivors, 39% (N = 106) were frail. There was a reduction in mortality in wave 2, aHR = 0.71 (95% CI 0.53–0.94). Frailty was associated with increased mortality, after adjustment for age, wave and other patient characteristics. Patients were more frail in wave 1, and the effect of frailty was more pronounced in wave 1 vs wave 2. Conclusion Frailty is highly prevalent amongst patients of all ages admitted to SRFT with COVID-19. Higher scores of frailty are associated with increased mortality.

scholarly journals Maternal hepatitis B or C carrier status and long-term risk for offspring neurological morbidity: a population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Israel Yoles ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Naim Abu-Freha ◽  
Tamar Wainstock
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Hepatitis B and hepatitis C (HBV/HCV) are important global public health concerns. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal HBV/HCV carrier status and long-term offspring neurological hospitalisations. A population-based cohort analysis compared the risk for long-term childhood neurological hospitalisations in offspring born to HBV/HCV carrier vs. non-carrier mothers in a large tertiary medical centre between 1991 and 2014. Childhood neurological diseases, such as cerebral palsy, movement disorders or developmental disorders, were pre-defined based on ICD-9 codes as recorded in hospital medical files. Offspring with congenital malformations and multiple gestations were excluded from the study. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was constructed to compare cumulative neurological hospitalisations over time, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders. During the study period (1991–2014), 243,682 newborns met the inclusion criteria, and 777 (0.3%) newborns were born to HBV/HCV mothers. The median follow-up was 10.51 years (0–18 years). The offspring from HBV/HCV mothers had higher incidence of neurological hospitalisations (4.5 vs. 3.1%, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% CI 1.37–2.67). Similarly, the cumulative incidence of neurological hospitalisations was higher in children born to HBV/HCV carrier mothers (Kaplan–Meier survival curve log-rank test p < 0.001). The increased risk remained significant in a Cox proportional hazards model, which adjusted for gestational age, mode of delivery and pregnancy complications (adjusted HR = 1.40, 1.01–1.95, p = 0.049). We conclude that maternal HBV or HCV carrier status is an independent risk factor for the long-term neurological hospitalisation of offspring regardless of gestational age and other adverse perinatal outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document