scholarly journals Expansion of Impervious Surfaces and Their Driving Forces in Highly Urbanized Cities in Kyrgyzstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulkaiyr Omurakunova ◽  
Anming Bao ◽  
Wenqiang Xu ◽  
Eldiiar Duulatov ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat Images

The expansion of urban areas due to population increase and economic expansion creates demand and depletes natural resources, thereby causing land use changes in the main cities. This study focuses on land cover datasets to characterize impervious surface (urban area) expansion in select cities from 1993 to 2017, using supervised classification maximum likelihood techniques and by quantifying impervious surfaces. The results indicate an increasing trend in the impervious surface area by 35% in Bishkek, 75% in Osh, and 15% in Jalal-Abad. The overall accuracy (OA) for the image classification of two different datasets for the three cities was between 82% and 93%, and the kappa coefficients (KCs) were approximately 77% and 91%. The Landsat images with other supplementary data showed positive urban growth in all of the cities. The GDP, industrial growth, and urban population growth were driving factors of impervious surface sprawl in these cities from 1993 to 2017.Landscape Expansion Index (LEI) results also provided good evidence for the change of impervious surfaces during the study period. The results emphasize the idea of applying future planning and sustainable urban development procedures for sustainable use of natural resources and their management, which will increase life quality in urban areas and environments.

Monitoring of Rapid Urban Sprawl in Beijing with Time Series Remote Sensing Data and Analysis of Driving Forces

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4591-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ling Zhao ◽  
Dong Yan Zhang ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Lin Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
South Central ◽  
Urban Construction

Beijing has experienced a rapid urban sprawl over the past three decades, along with accelerated socio-economic development. This study investigated the change patterns and figured out the driving forces of urban expansion in the study area. To obtain urban class, decision tree classification techniques were used to identify the land cover types using four scenes of Landsat images from four periods of 1978-era, 1992-era, 2000-era and 2010-era. Then, the urban areas were identified by excluding water, agriculture, forest, grassland and bare land. The analysis results showed that: 1) urban construction land had been expanded very quickly and the urban area is mainly in the south-central part of the municipality; 2) the urban area increased by 96284.97 ha and the ratio was 5.88%; and 3) population growth, economic development, urban construction and industrial structure adjustment could explain the expansion. These analysis results can provide significant information on the monitoring and management of sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of various Indices for extraction urban impervious surface of Landsat 8 OLI

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Iswari Nur Hidayati ◽  
R Suharyadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat

Impervious surface is one of the major land cover types of urban and suburban environment. Conversion of rural landscapes and vegetation area to urban and suburban land use is directly related to the increase of the impervious surface area. The impervious surface expansion is straight-lined with decreasing green spaces in urban areas. Impervious surface is one of indicator for detecting urban heat islands. This study compares various indices for mapping impervious surfaces using Landsat 8 OLI imagery by optimizing the different spectral characteristics of Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The research objectives are (1) to apply various indices for impervious surface mapping and (2) identifies impervious surfaces in urban areas based on multiple indices and provide recommendations and find the best index for mapping impervious surface in urban areas. In addition to utilizing the index, land use supervised classification method, maximum likelihood classification used for extracting built-up, and non-built-up areas. Accuracy assessment of this research used field data collection as primary data for calculating kappa coefficient, producer accuracy, and user accuracy. The study can also be extended to find the land surface temperature and correlate the impervious surface extraction data with urban heat islands.

scholarly journals A Novel Remote Sensing Index for Extracting Impervious Surface Distribution from Landsat 8 OLI Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fang ◽  
Yuchun Wei ◽  
Qiuping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Remote Sensing Imagery ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Multispectral Remote Sensing

The area of urban impervious surfaces is one of the most important indicators for determining the level of urbanisation and the quality of the environment and is rapidly increasing with the acceleration of urbanisation in developing countries. This paper proposes a novel remote sensing index based on the coastal band and normalised difference vegetation index for extracting impervious surface distribution from Landsat 8 multispectral remote sensing imagery. The index was validated using three images covering urban areas of China and was compared with five other typical index methods for the extraction of impervious surface distribution, namely, the normalised difference built-up index, index-based built-up index, normalised difference impervious surface index, normalised difference impervious index, and combinational built-up index. The results showed that the novel index provided higher accuracy and effectively distinguished impervious surfaces from bare soil, and the average values of the recall, precision, and F1 score for the three images were 95%, 91%, and 93%, respectively. The novel index provides better applicability in the extraction of urban impervious surface distribution from Landsat 8 multispectral remote sensing imagery.

scholarly journals Urban Expansion Simulation Based on Various Driving Factors Using a Logistic Regression Model: Delhi as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10805
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salem ◽  
Arghadeep Bose ◽  
Bashar Bashir ◽  
Debanjan Basak ◽  
Subham Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Simulation Based

During the last three decades, Delhi has witnessed extensive and rapid urban expansion in all directions, especially in the East South East zone. The total built-up area has risen dramatically, from 195.3 sq. km to 435.1 sq. km, during 1989–2020, which has led to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, and difficulties in running urban utility services effectively in the new extensions. This research aimed to simulate urban expansion in Delhi based on various driving factors using a logistic regression model. The recent urban expansion of Delhi was mapped using LANDSAT images of 1989, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The urban expansion was analyzed using concentric rings to show the urban expansion intensity in each direction. Nine driving factors were analyzed to detect the influence of each factor on the urban expansion process. The results revealed that the proximity to urban areas, proximity to main roads, and proximity to medical facilities were the most significant factors in Delhi during 1989–2020, where they had the highest regression coefficients: −0.884, −0.475, and −0.377, respectively. In addition, the predicted pattern of urban expansion was chaotic, scattered, and dense on the peripheries. This pattern of urban expansion might lead to further losses of natural resources. The relative operating characteristic method was utilized to assess the accuracy of the simulation, and the resulting value of 0.96 proved the validity of the simulation. The results of this research will aid local authorities in recognizing the patterns of future expansion, thus facilitating the implementation of effective policies to achieve sustainable urban development in Delhi.

scholarly journals Impact Quantification of Decentralization in Urban Growth by Extracting Impervious Surfaces Using ISEI in Model Maker

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Nana Yaw Danquah Twumasi ◽  
Chikondi Chisenga ◽  
Nayyer Saleem ◽  
Neema Nicodemus Lyimo ◽  
Orhan Altan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Decentralization Policy

Decentralization problems in Africa have caused some infrastructure disparity between country capitals and distant districts. In Ghana, less public investment has created a gap between implementation results and theoretical benefits. Spectral indices are a good approach to extracting impervious surfaces, which is a good method of measuring urbanization. These are restricted by complexity, sensor limitation, threshold values, and high computational time. In this study, we measure the urbanization dynamics of Wa District in Ghana by applying a proposed method of impervious surface extraction index (ISEI), to evaluate the decentralization policy using Landsat images from 1984–2018 and a single S2A data. Comparing our proposed method with five other existing indexes, ISEI provided good discriminated results between target feature and background, with pixel values ranging between 0 and +1. Other indexes produced negative values. ISEI accuracy varied from 84.62–94.00% while existing indexes varied from 73.85–90.00%. Our results also showed increased impervious surface areas of 83.26 km2, which is about 7.72% of total area while the average annual urban growth was recorded as 4.42%. These figures proved that the quantification of decentralization is very positive. The study provides a foundation for urban environment research in the context of decentralization policy.

scholarly journals Trends in Extreme Temperatures in Relation to Urbanization in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouraseni Sen Roy ◽  
Fei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract The long-term trends in extreme summer season temperatures across the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) associated with urbanization are examined. To assess trends in extreme temperature data, maximum and minimum temperatures from 1975 to 2002 were assembled for seven stations located in both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, urbanization since 1975 was assessed by estimating the percentage of impervious surfaces from Landsat images acquired for various years. The results of this study indicated a greater rate of increase in overall minimum temperatures, resulting in a slightly declining trend in diurnal temperature range for all of the stations. In the case of extreme temperatures, most of the peripheral urban and rural stations experienced negative trends in extreme maximum temperatures, accompanied by positive trends in extreme minimum temperatures. This was also validated by the simultaneous increase in the percentage of impervious surfaces in those locations. The greatest changes were observed for Stillwater, which is located relatively close to the heart of the TCMA but has undergone a faster rate of urbanization.

scholarly journals Monitoring Spatiotemporal Changes of Impervious Surfaces in Beijing City Using Random Forest Algorithm and Textural Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Xuegang Dong ◽  
Zhiguo Meng ◽  
Yongzhi Wang ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Haoteng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Regional Feature ◽  
Exterior Regions

As the capital city of China, Beijing has experienced unprecedented economic and population growth and dramatic impervious surface changes during the last few decades. An application of the classification method combining the spectral and textural features based on Random Forest was conducted to monitor the spatial and temporal changes of Beijing’s impervious surfaces. This classification strategy achieved excellent performance in the impervious surface extraction in complex urban areas, as the Kappa coefficient reached 0.850. Based on this strategy, the impervious surfaces inside Beijing’s sixth ring road in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2017 were extracted. As the development of Beijing has a special regional feature, the changes of impervious surfaces within the sixth ring road were assessed. The findings are as follows: (1) the textural features can significantly improve the classification accuracy of land cover in urban areas, especially for the impervious surface with high albedo. (2) Impervious surfaces within the sixth ring road expanded dramatically from 1997 to 2017, had three expanding periods: 1997–2002, 2002–2007, and 2013–2017, and only shrank in 2007–2013. There are different possible major driving factors for each period. (3) The region between the fifth and sixth ring roads in Beijing underwent the most significant changes in the two decades. (4) The inner three regions are relatively highly urbanized areas compared to the outer two regions. Urbanization processes in the interior regions tend to be completed compared to the exterior regions.

scholarly journals Global assessment of land cover changes and rural-urban interface in Portugal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marj Tonini ◽  
Joana Parente ◽  
Mario Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The wildland-/rural-urban interface (WUI/RUI) is a particularly important aspect of the fire regime. In Mediterranean basin most of the fires in this pyro region are caused by humans and the risk and consequences are particularly high due to the close proximity to population, human infrastructures and urban areas. Population increase, urban growth and the rapid changes in land use incurred in Europe over the last 30 years has been unprecedented, especially nearby the metropolitan areas, and some of these trends are expected to continue. Associated to high socioeconomic development, Portugal experienced in the last decades significant land cover/land use changes (LCLUC), population dynamics and demographic trends in response to migration, rural abandonment, and ageing of rural population. This study aims to assess the evolution of RUI in Portugal, from 1990 to 2012, based on LCLUC providing also a quantitative characterization of forest fires dynamics in relation to the burnt area. Obtained results disclose important LCLUC which spatial distribution is far from uniform within the territory. A significant increase in artificial surfaces is registered nearby the main metropolitan communities of the northwest and littoral-central and southern regions, whilst the abandonment of agricultural land nearby the inland urban areas leads to an increase of uncultivated semi-natural and forest areas. Within agricultural areas, heterogeneous patches suffered the greatest changes and are the main contributors to the increase of urban areas. Moreover these are among the LCLU classes with higher burnt area, reasons why heterogeneous agricultural areas have been included in the definition of RUI. Finally, the mapped RUI’s area, burnt area and burnt area within RUI allow to conclude that, form 1990 to 2012 in Portugal, RUI increased more than two thirds and total burnt area decreased one third. Nevertheless, burnt area within RUI doubled, which emphasize the significance of RUI for land and fire managers. This research provides a first quantitative global assessment of RUI in Portugal and presents an innovative analysis on the impact of land use changes on burnt areas.

scholarly journals The Expansion Dynamics and Modes of Impervious Surfaces in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Bay Area, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Shaohua Zhang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Yuling Ma ◽  
Mingchan Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Bay Area

Different urban growth patterns have various impact degrees on the urban ecosystem and environment. Impervious surface, a typical artificial construction can be used to reflect urban development. Therefore, this study estimated the spatiotemporal dynamics and expansion patterns of impervious surface area (ISA) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau (GHM) Bay Area since the establishment of the “Pearl River Delta economic zone” in 1994. Landsat time-series images were used to map the distribution of the ISA based on the combinational biophysical composition index (CBCI) and the bidirectional temporal filtering method (BTFM). The results indicated that the ISA in the GHM Bay Area drastically expanded from 569.23 km2 in 1994 to 10,200.53 km2 in 2016. In addition, the aggregation index (AI) value of the high-density area showed a decreasing trend from 1994 to 2004. However, the value of each landscape metric rapidly increased after 2004. Moreover, the mean ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of standard deviational ellipses from 1994 to 2004 was higher than that from 2005 to 2016. The results of landscape metrics and standard deviational ellipses indicated that the ISA growth pattern changed from edge expanding and leapfrogging to infilling and consolidation, with a turning point in 2004. Moreover, the principal sprawl orientation of the ISA was northwest to southeast before 2004. After 2004, the expansion direction of the ISA was less obvious due to the development pattern of infilling and consolidation. The rapid increase of GDP and population are the driving forces of urban expansion. However, topography and ecological protection policies as the limiting factors, which caused the infilling of the inner city and redevelopment of old urban areas.

Installation of impervious surface in urban areas affects microbial biomass, activity (potential C mineralisation), and functional diversity of the fine earth

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongqiang Wei ◽  
Shaohua Wu ◽  
Shenglu Zhou ◽  
Chen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Fine Earth ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Sealing

Artificial soil sealing in urban areas has attracted increasing attention due to its potential hazard to urban ecosystems. It has negative impacts on soil function and the urban environment, since the impervious surface can hamper the exchange of material and energy between the soil and other environmental compartments. However, information about the effects of artificial soil sealing in urban area on soil quality and properties, especially the microbiological components, is still limited. Ten plots which differed in land use were selected from Nanjing City, China, to investigate the effects of impervious surfaces on microbiological characteristics in urban soil. Plot types were paved road, residential paved square, residential paved alley, and grassed area. Soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic), and activities were analysed, and the microbial functional diversity of fine earth (<2 mm material) was characterised by the Biolog EcoPlate technique. Mean concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), Cmic, and Nmic in fine earth from the impervious areas (0–20 cm) were, respectively, 6.5 g kg–1, 55.8 mg kg–1, and 12.2 mg kg–1, which were significantly lower than concentrations from grass areas. Urban sealing also resulted in decreases in soil microbial activity and functional diversity, but the influences on soil microbial diversity varied among land uses, with road pavement having the most negative effect. Substrate use patterns showed that microorganisms in urban sealed soils had higher utilisation of polymers (P < 0.05) but lower use of carbohydrates and amines/amides (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that SOC in the sealed soils was more stable than in open soils, and the installation of impervious surfaces such as asphalt and concrete, which are very common in urban areas, can result in decreases in SOC content, soil microbial activity, and diversity in urban soil.

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