scholarly journals Perceived Environmental, Individual and Social Factors of Long-Distance Collective Walking in Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yang ◽  
Shanshan Dai ◽  
Honggang Xu ◽  
Peng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Social Interaction ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Health And Well Being

Long-distance collective walking is a popular activity in cities across China. However, related research is limited, creating a research gap to explore participants’ dynamic experience and related influential factors. Therapeutic mobilities theory explores the relationships among walking, health, and well-being from a qualitative perspective. Based on therapeutic mobilities theory, following a systematic process, this study develops a scale to quantitatively estimate the perceived environmental, personal, and social factors that may influence health and well-being. By applying construal level theory, this paper further hypothesizes that personality traits and familiarity moderate environmental, personal, and social perceptions. Data were collected with a paper survey (n = 926) from the “Shenzhen 100 km Walking” event. The findings highlight that long-distance collective walkers have comparatively greater experiences of health and well-being in three aspects: positive social interaction, individual development, and environmental understanding. Personality traits, familiarity, and gender moderate this well-being experience. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Personality Traits Assessment of Three Species of Communally Housed Captive Penguins

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Giovanni Quintavalle Pastorino ◽  
Richard Preziosi ◽  
Massimo Faustini ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
Mariangela Albertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Animal Personalities ◽  
Health And Well Being

Understanding animal personalities has notable implications in the ecology and evolution of animal behavior, but personality studies can also be useful in optimizing animal management, with the aim of improving health and well-being, and optimizing reproductive success, a fundamental factor in the species threatened with extinction. Modern zoos are increasingly being structured with enclosures that host different species, which permanently share spaces. This condition has undeniable positive aspects, but, in some species, it could determine the appearance of collective or synchronized behaviors. The aim of this study was to verify, in a colony of three species of communally housed penguins (Pygoscelis papua, Aptenodytes patagonicus and Eudyptes moseleyi), through a trait-rating assessment, if interspecific group life impacts on the expression of personality traits, and if it is possible to highlight specie-specific expression of personality traits, despite the influence of forced cohabitation. For many of the personality traits we analyzed, we have observed that it was possible to detect an expression that differed, according to the species. From a practical point of view, these data could ameliorate the management of the animals, allowing to design animal life routines, according to the different behavioral characteristics of the cohabiting species.

scholarly journals ‘The fact that she just looked at me…’ – Narrations on shame in South African workplaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude-Hélène Mayer ◽  
Rian Viviers ◽  
Louise Tonelli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Health And Well Being

Orientation: Shame has been internationally researched in various cultural and societal contexts as well as across cultures in the workplace, schools and institutions of higher education. It is an emotional signal that refers to experienced incongruence of identity goals and the judgement of others.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to focus on experiences of shame in the South African (SA) workplace, to provide emic, in-depth insights into the experiences of shame of employees.Motivation for the study: Shame in the workplace often occurs and might impact negatively on mental health and well-being, capability, freedom and human rights. This article aims at gaining some in-depth understanding of shame experiences in SA workplaces. Building on this understanding the aim is to develop awareness in Industrial and Organisational Psychologists (IOPs), employees and organisations to cope with shame constructively in addition to add to the apparent void in the body of knowledge on shame in SA workplaces.Research design, approach and method: An interpretative hermeneutical research paradigm, based on Dilthey’s modern hermeneutics was applied. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 11 employees narrating their experiences from various workplaces, including the military, consulting organisations and higher education institutions. Content analysis was used for data analysis and interpretation.Main findings: The major themes around which shameful experiences evolved included loss of face, mistreatment by others, low work quality, exclusion, lifestyle and internalised shame on failure in the workplace. Shame is experienced as a disturbing emotion that impacts negatively on the self within the work context. It is also experienced as reducing mental health and well-being at work.Practical/managerial implications: SA organisations need to be more aware of shame in the workplace, to address the potential negative effects of shame on employees, particularly if they are not prepared to reframe shame into a constructively and positively used emotion. Safe spaces should be made available to talk about shame. Strategies should be applied to deal with shame constructively.Contribution/value-add: This article expands an in-depth understanding of shame from emic and culture-specific perspectives within SA workplaces. The findings are beneficial to IOPs and organisations to understand what shame is from the perspective of SA employees across cultural groups. The article thereby adds value to theory and practice, offering IOPs a deeper understanding of shame in the work context.

Human biology and the urban environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Cellular Inflammation ◽  
Health And Well Being

Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill health is studied. Urban environments cause chronic, low level stress resulting in the release of cortisone (a stress hormone), decreased physical activity, and increased calorie intake, all of which lead to chronic cellular inflammation and to the life-style diseases of the twenty-first century: depression, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia.

Establishing a Health Network of Personality Profiles for Adolescents and Emerging Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhan Hang ◽  
Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽  
Liina Haring ◽  
Billy Lee ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health And Well Being

Many health problems that occur later in life have their origins in behaviours and associated lifestyle habits established earlier in life. We aimed to gain new insights into the structure of health and well-being of late adolescents and emerging adults through examining a multi-dimensional network that quantitatively estimates the personality similarities (personality correlations) between sixteen different health related behaviours and outcomes. The personality correlations were based on nuance level personality traits, captured by 240 items of the EE.PIP-NEO Personality Inventory that predicted the outcomes more accurately than broader personality traits (Big Five domains and facets; N = 2,269), and analysed using Exploratory Graph Analysis. The sixteen outcomes fell into four groups based on their personality correlations: psychological distress, health awareness, emotional control and substance use. Personality correlations, quantifying the overlap among outcomes in their psychological background, can explain associations between health-related behaviours and outcomes, and psychopathological comorbidities.

Rising High or Falling Deep? Pathways of Self–Esteem in a Representative German Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Health And Well Being

In many longitudinal studies, self–esteem has been shown to increase up until around age 50 or 60 and to decrease thereafter. These studies have also found substantial inter–individual differences in the intra–individual development of self–esteem. In the current study, we examined whether this variation in change could be attributed to underlying latent classes of individuals following different trajectories of self–esteem development over time. By applying general growth mixture modelling to data from the representative German pairfam study (N = 12 377), four latent classes of self–esteem development across five years were extracted. Based on their mean levels, trajectories, and variability, individuals in the latent classes could be described as having (a) constant and stable high self–esteem (29.00% of the sample), (b) constant but variable moderate self–esteem (31.69%), (c) increasing and stabilizing self–esteem (15.13%), and (d) decreasing and variable self–esteem (24.18%). Furthermore, these latent classes differed in accordance with findings of prior research on self–rated, partner–rated, and objective correlates of the domains of health and well–being, partner relationships, and occupational status. Thus, the current study shows that inter–individual variation in intra–individual change in self–esteem is not random but reflects specific individual trajectories, or pathways, of self–esteem. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Social Factors and Health: Description of a new Norwegian twin study

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kutschke
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
Health And Well Being

A compelling literature substantiates that our social worlds have significant and far-reaching effects on<br />health and well-being throughout life. Yet, few studies of social factors and their effects on health have been<br />embedded within the twin design. Towards this end, we have initiated a new twin study on social factors and<br />health which will investigate the genetic and environmental influences on social environments, and explore<br />how social environments mediate these influences on physical and mental health. Herein, we describe the<br />study sample, response rates and measures. Twins born 1935-1960 were invited to complete a questionnaire<br />and these data were supplemented with information on cardiovascular disease and cancer through linkage to<br />national health registries. Among the 10655 twins who were contacted, responses were received from 5446<br />individuals (1989 pairs and 1468 single responders). The subsample of pairs where both twins responded includes<br />1004 identical (MZ) pairs and 985 fraternal (DZ) pairs. The overall individual and pairwise response<br />rates were 51% and 37%, respectively. The average age is 61.54 years, 56.1% of the responders are female<br />and 46.1% are identical twins. MZ twins were more likely to participate than DZ twins. Sex and age effects<br />were statistically significant for many of the psychosocial measures and for measures of support and strain<br />in the social network. There were no differences in the social networks between twins in pairs where both<br />twins responded and twins in pairs where only one twin responded.

scholarly journals The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Patrick Hill ◽  
Mitja Back ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Predictors Of Success ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Health And Well Being

Personality traits are powerful predictors of outcomes in the domains of education, work, relationships, health, and well-being. The recognized importance of personality traits has raised questions about their policy relevance – that is, their potential to inform policy actions designed to improve human welfare. Traditionally, the use of personality traits in applied settings has been predicated on their ability to predict valued outcomes, typically under the assumption that traits are functionally unchanging. This assumption, however, is both untrue and a limiting factor on using personality traits more widely in applied settings. In this paper, we present the case that traits can serve both as relatively stable predictors of success and actionable targets for policy changes and interventions. Though trait change will likely prove a more difficult target than typical targets in applied interventions, it also may be a more fruitful one given the variety of life domains affected by personality traits.

Social Epidemiology and the Work Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Leonard Syme
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Well Being

A major theme in virtually all of Bertil Gardell's work is that the social and work environment affects health and well-being. This concern with the social environment has been a major influence in the development of a new area of research referred to as social epidemiology. In this area of work, difficulties are increasingly being recognized in identifying specific social factors in the environment toward which intervention programs can be directed. An approach to this complex problem is to focus attention on the “mini-environment” of the workplace. Research here has yielded several interesting hypotheses that may have important implications for studies of the larger environment. These hypotheses involve the concepts of control and participation, concepts that are central to all of Garden's work.

scholarly journals Toothbrush microbiomes feature a meeting ground for human oral and environmental microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Blaustein ◽  
Lisa-Marie Michelitsch ◽  
Adam J. Glawe ◽  
Hansung Lee ◽  
Stefanie Huttelmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background While indoor microbiomes impact our health and well-being, much remains unknown about taxonomic and functional transitions that occur in human-derived microbial communities once they are transferred away from human hosts. Toothbrushes are a model to investigate the potential response of oral-derived microbiota to conditions of the built environment. Here, we characterize metagenomes of toothbrushes from 34 subjects to define the toothbrush microbiome and resistome and possible influential factors. Results Toothbrush microbiomes often comprised a dominant subset of human oral taxa and less abundant or site-specific environmental strains. Although toothbrushes contained lower taxonomic diversity than oral-associated counterparts (determined by comparison with the Human Microbiome Project), they had relatively broader antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) profiles. Toothbrush resistomes were enriched with a variety of ARGs, notably those conferring multidrug efflux and putative resistance to triclosan, which were primarily attributable to versatile environmental taxa. Toothbrush microbial communities and resistomes correlated with a variety of factors linked to personal health, dental hygiene, and bathroom features. Conclusions Selective pressures in the built environment may shape the dynamic mixture of human (primarily oral-associated) and environmental microbiota that encounter each other on toothbrushes. Harboring a microbial diversity and resistome distinct from human-associated counterparts suggests toothbrushes could potentially serve as a reservoir that may enable the transfer of ARGs.

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