scholarly journals Educational Attainment and Smoking Status in a National Sample of American Adults; Evidence for the Blacks’ Diminished Return

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Ritesh Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
National Sample

Mental distress and its associations with behavioral outcomes during the COVID-19: A national survey of Chinese adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ma ◽  
Liwang Gao ◽  
Joseph Tak-Fai Lau ◽  
Rahman Atif ◽  
Blair T. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Negative Consequences

BACKGROUND This study primarily aimed to evaluate the associations between mental distress and COVID-19-related changes in behavioral outcomes, and potential modifiers (age, gender, and educational attainment) of such associations. OBJECTIVE The COVID -19 pandemic has led to elevated levels of mental distress attributed to prolonged lockdowns, business closures, and social isolation. Its impact on behavioral outcomes is however less known. This study is designed to primarily evaluate the associations between mental distress and COVID-19-related changes in drinking, smoking, physical activity and body weight, and potential modifiers of such associations including age, gender, and educational attainment. METHODS An online survey using anonymous network sampling was conducted in China during April-May, 2020 using a 74-item questionnaire distributed through social media. A national sample of 10,545 adults in 31 provinces provided data on socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related mental distress, and changes in behavioral outcomes. Structural equation models were used for data analyses. RESULTS About 13% of adults reported experiencing at least one symptom of mental distress. After adjusting for age, education, gender, ethnicity, marital status, residence, and number of chronic conditions, greater mental distress was associated with increased smoking and alcohol consumption (among current smokers and drinkers) and with both increased and decreased physical activity. Underweight adults were more likely to lose body weight (≥1 kg) whereas overweight adults were more likely to gain weight by the same amount. The association between mental distress and change in physical activity was stronger in adults aged 40 and above and those with high education. Mental distress was significantly associated with an increase in smoking in males but not females. CONCLUSIONS Mental distress was associated with increased smoking in males but not females. These findings inform the design of tailored public health interventions aimed to mitigate long-term negative consequences of mental distress on outcomes.

scholarly journals The Association between Anemia and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Ji Hee Kim ◽  
Jae Keun Oh ◽  
Jee Hye Wee ◽  
Chan Yang Min ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Nested Case Control

(1) Background: Controversy exists regarding the relationship between anemia and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PD related to anemia in the Korean population. (2) Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which includes adults over 40 years of age, was assessed from 2002 to 2015. A total of 5844 PD patients were matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence with 23,376 control participants at a ratio of 1:4. The analyzed covariates included age, sex, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted for case-control analyses. (3) Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of PD associated with anemia was 1.09 after adjusting for potential confounders (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.18, p = 0.030). Among men younger than 70 years, the adjusted OR of PD was 1.34 (95% CI 1.13–1.60, p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that anemia may increase the risk of PD, particularly in men younger than 70 years. Further research is required to elucidate the causal relationship between these two diseases.

The Educational Attainment Process: Results from a National Sample

1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Wilson ◽  
Alejandro Portes
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
National Sample

scholarly journals Unequal Associations between Educational Attainment and Occupational Stress across Racial and Ethnic Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Background: Although other mechanisms are also involved, at least one reason high educational attainment (EA) is associated with better health is lower employment stress in individuals with high EA. Minorities’ Diminished Returns, however, refer to the smaller protective health effects of EA for racial- and ethnic-minority individuals, particularly African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics, as compared to Whites. We are, however, not aware of many studies that have explored differential associations between EA and work-related stress across racial and ethnic groups. Aims: We aimed to compare racial and ethnic groups for the association between EA and occupational stress in a national sample of American adults. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015), a cross-sectional survey, included 15,726 employed adults. Educational attainment was the independent variable. Occupational stress was the outcome. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Age, gender, number of jobs, and years in the job were the covariates. Results: Overall, higher EA was associated with lower levels of occupational stress. Race and ethnicity both interacted with EA, suggesting that the association between high EA and reduced occupational stress is systemically smaller for AAs and Hispanics than it is for Whites. Conclusions: In the United States, race and ethnicity limit the health gains that follow EA. While EA helps individuals avoid environmental risk factors, such as occupational stress, this is more valid for non-Hispanic Whites than AAs and Hispanics. The result is additional physical and mental health risks in highly educated AAs and Hispanics. The results are important, given racial and ethnic minorities are the largest growing section of the US population. We should not assume that EA is similarly protective across all racial and ethnic groups. In this context, EA may increase, rather than reduce, health disparities.

scholarly journals Predicting Smoking Status by Symptoms of Depression for U.S. Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qi Wang ◽  
Eugene C. Fitzhugh ◽  
R. Carl Westerfield ◽  
James M. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Future ◽  
Predictive Relationships

This study examined the predictive relationships between adolescents' smoking and symptoms of depression. A national sample of 6,900 adolescents, ages 14 to 18 years, were selected for analysis. Variables of interest included measures for smoking status and symptoms of depression. Odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio from logistic regression analyses indicated that more of the 885 smokers than of the 6,015 nonsmokers reported feelings of unhappiness, sadness, or depression, hopelessness about the future, and having trouble going to sleep.

scholarly journals Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Respiratory Infections: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9493
Author(s):  
Jae-Hong Lee ◽  
Seong-Nyum Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables

Chronic periodontitis (CP) may increase the risk of exacerbation of and hospitalization for respiratory infections. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CP is associated with acute respiratory infections by analyzing a population-based longitudinal database from the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CP and acute respiratory infections, including acute nasopharyngitis, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, acute laryngitis and tracheitis, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis, while adjusting for the confounding effects of sociodemographic variables (sex, age, household income, and smoking status) and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus). Among 545,416 recruited participants, 98,490 (18.1%) had CP. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities, showed that except influenza and pneumonia, total acute respiratory infections (odds ratio (OR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.38; p < 0.001), acute upper respiratory infections (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22–1.29; p < 0.001), and acute lower respiratory infections (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20–1.26; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CP. The findings of the current cohort study suggest an association between CP and acute respiratory infections. Particularly, CP seems to increase the risk of acute upper and lower respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Exploring the magnitude of inclusion of Indian youth in the world of work based on choices of educational attainment

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bisht ◽  
Falguni Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
General Education ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

PurposeThis study attempts to investigate the interrelationship between choice-based educational achievement and employability prospects across the skill-based occupations amongst the youth in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on the use of National Sample Survey (NSS) data on employment and unemployment for the 68th round (2011–2012) and the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (2017–2018). To estimate the relative contributions of choice-based educational attainment affecting the skill-based employment of youth in a different category of occupations ( high/medium/low skilled), the multinomial logistic regression and its marginal effects have been used.FindingsThe study finds educational attainment both as an opportunity (improvising employability in the high and medium skill occupation) and a challenge (highest unemployment amongst the educated) while ensuring skill-based youth employability. Despite the growing enrolment of youth in education, youth from a general education background does not find sustained employability prospects in high-skill occupations.Research limitations/implicationsVocational education highlights a brighter employability prospect but the acceptability of the same amongst the youth needs a policy intervention.Practical implicationsEducational choices need an intervention based on market-driven apprenticeships and training.Social implicationsThe decline of overall employability in the low-skill occupation raises a threat to inclusive development as such youth results to Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET), better identified as the unproductive economic youth.Originality/valueThis study attempts to investigate that “how far the choice of educational attainment (general/technical/vocational) is able to make youth a fit in the world of work?” in the Indian context, where the youth constitute the highest share in the population.

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