scholarly journals The efficacy of<em> Datura ferox</em> (Fierce Thorn apple) leaf extracts against Yellow Sugarcane Aphid (<em>Sipha flava)</em> in the Zimbabwe Sugar Industry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellcome Mutongi ◽  
Audrey Mabveni ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Thorn Apple ◽  
Sipha Flava

scholarly journals Enzymatic Factors in the Sucrose Decline of Sugarcane Desiccated With Paraquat, Diquat, and Dinitro-butylphenol

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-49
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander ◽  
Rafael Montalvo-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

Enzyme behavior and sugar changes were studied in sugarcane treated with the desiccants Paraquat, Diquat and Dinitro-butylphenol (DNBP). The chemicals were applied as foliar sprays to immature cane of the variety P.R. 980 or P.R. 1059 grown in sand culture. There were three objectives: 1, To confirm abnormal enzyme and sugar responses during sugarcane desiccation; 2, to explore enzyme sensitivity within the dimensions of chemical concentration and time; and 3, to determine whether a common pattern of enzyme changes is triggered by the three distinct chemicals. Paraquat was applied once to P.R. 1059 at levels ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5 percent. All Paraquat treatments quickly wilted foliage. There was little relationship between leaf desiccation and the moisture content of sheaths and stalks, the latter remaining near normal. Leaf sucrose declined sharply to confirm a similar Paraquat effect recorded earlier in P.R. 980. The appearance, of ribose in leaf extracts indicates that Paraquat impaired photosynthesis at the level of 0.004 percent and higher. Since desiccation occurred below this level it is suggested that photosynthesis can proceed simultaneously with a limited amount of desiccant action. Evidence was found of Paraquat-induced interconversion of sucrose with raffinose and unidentified sugars. Leaf amylase activity was increased by 0.5 percent Paraquat and all Paraquat levels increased the enzyme in immature storage tissue. Amylase action is believed to account for sucrose decline in spite of a severe inhibition of invertase. Leaf peroxidase was greatly suppressed by as little as 0.0008 percent Paraquat, and tyrosinase by higher levels, indicating a sensitivity of cane oxidases to the desiccant. Diquat, 0.5 percent, was applied to 6-months old P.R. 980 and tissue samples were taken at intervals during the ensuing 144-hour period. Injury symptoms were identical to those of Paraquat. Again, the early desiccation of leaves was not reflected in sheath moisture values. Leaf sucrose was lowered markedly by Diquat within 24 hours but immature storage tissue and stalk juice did not reveal sucrose decline until 96 hours. Ribose was detected by chromatography of leaf extracts. Invertase was severely inhibited. Amylase and peroxidase was stimulated by Diquat in immature storage tissue. Leaf phosphatase and ATP-ase were clearly retarded by Diquat. Their suppression was accompanied by major and persistent increases in leaf organic phosphorus. Like Diquat, a single 1.0 percent level of DNBP was studied over a prolonged period of time. The chemical was lethal within 8 hours and symptoms are described. Desiccation was generally inferior to that of Paraquat or Diquat. DNBP significantly lowered leaf sucrose within 8 hours. The sucrose decline continued throughout the study and was accompanied by increased reducing sugar content. Chromatography revealed accumulations of fructose and glucose, but no ribose. Invertase was lowered to an insignificant level within 8 hours after DNBP application. Amylase activity was greatly increased in both leaf and immature storage tissues, apparently denying storage tissues an opportunity to accumulate sucrose. Peroxidase was abnormally high in leaf and immature storage tissues in response to DNBP. Phosphatase and ATP-ase was not affected by DNBP; nevertheless there were definite accumulations of organic phosphorus in DNBP-treated leaves. Importance of the desiccant-enzyme-sugar relationships to the sugar industry is discussed. It is proposed that these invertase-suppressing chemicals have potential as ripening agents. They are, however, presently too non-specific in their enzyme relationships for full potential to be realized either as desiccants or ripening agents. Amylase and oxidases apparently must be controlled to accumulate or even retain sucrose.

scholarly journals Yellow Sugarcane Aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Aphididae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Nuessly
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
North America North

The yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), was described from Illinois by Forbes in 1884. Originally referred to as the 'sorghum aphis' and placed in the genus Chaitophorus (Forbes 1884), it was later moved into the genus Sipha (Davis 1909). Sipha includes 12 species of grass feeders, at least four of which occur in North America north of Mexico. The yellow sugarcane aphid causes damage to sorghum, sugarcane and several species of pasture grass (Median-Gaud et al. 1965, Kindler and Dalrymple 1999). This document is EENY-354, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2005. EENY354/IN635: Yellow Sugarcane Aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) (ufl.edu)

Bioactivity of a Fraction Rich in Linoleic Acid of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) Leaves against the Yellow Sugarcane Aphid, Sipha flava (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Osvaldo Salinas Sánchez ◽  
Gabriel Flores Franco ◽  
Dante Aviles Montes ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Valladares Cisneros ◽  
Dulce Maria Arias Ataide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
Integrated Pest Control

The insecticidal activity of the hexane extract and fractions of Ricinus communis leaves against the yellow sugarcane aphid ( Sipha flava ) was evaluated in adults using contact bioassays by fumigation. The n -hexane extract at a concentration of 10,000 ppm achieved the highest mortality rate (80%), the positive control exhibited 100% mortality and the negative control only presented 4% mortality over the 72-hour experimental time. By means a chemical fractionation of the hexanic extract of R. communis leaves, it was possible to obtain an F4 fraction with an aphid mortality of 92% at 10,000 ppm in 72 hours. F4 GC-MS identified linoleic acid as the major compound (84.5%). The extract of R. communis and linoleic acid could be considered for integrated pest control as a more ecologically friendly alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals Resistance in Digitaria to Yellow Sugarcane Aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) as Related to Temperature and Rainfall

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A. J. Oakes ◽  
A. Sierra-Bracero
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
Rainy Days

Differential resistance to yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), exists among Digitaria species. Differential resistance among species is expected on the basis of interspecific variation. Differential resistance to aphid damage exists among clones within species. Differences in insect resistance among clones within species are expected on the basis of intraspecific variation. Clones superior in insect resistance were delineated in this trial. The superior performance of phenotypes within species is masked by the average performance of the species. Significant negative correlations were found between insect resistance ratings and the number of rainy days and average temperature during a 28-day interval prior to rating. A model was calculated for the average behavior of species; it includes infestation expected on the basis of the number of rainy days and average temperature during the 28-day interval before rating. The model accounted for approximately 66 percent of the variability present.

scholarly journals Hemipteran Pests of Sugarcane in North America

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Sipha Flava

Piercing-sucking herbivores (Insecta: Hemiptera) represent one of the greatest threats to agricultural production worldwide. Hemipteran pests directly injure plants as well as vector disease-causing plant pathogens. Production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in North America is impacted by a complex of Hemiptera including the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Aphididae); yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Aphididae); West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) (Delphacidae); sugarcane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Delphacidae); and sugarcane lace bug, Leptodictya tabida (Herric-Schaeffer) (Tingidae). None of these pests is consistently damaging to large amounts of sugarcane acreage, but regional outbreaks are common. The biology, ecology, and pest management of these insects are discussed with emphasis on North America sugarcane production.

scholarly journals Insect and plant-derived miRNAs in greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) and yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) revealed by deep sequencing

Gene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichuan Wang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Yongchao Dou ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Yunfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Sipha Flava

Anti-plaque activity of Piper betle leaf extracts

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pandita ◽  
A Varghese ◽  
M Mantri ◽  
Y Kachwala
Keyword(s):  
Piper Betle ◽  
Leaf Extracts
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