scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Phuong M. Nguyen ◽  
Anh N. Thach ◽  
Xuan D. Pham ◽  
Anh N. Lam ◽  
Thao N. P. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of medication adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in southern Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital in southern Vietnam from June to December 2019 on patients who began antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months. Using a designed questionnaire, patients were considered adherent if they took correct medicines with right doses, on time and properly with food and beverage and had follow-up visits as scheduled. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify determinants of adherence. Key findings: A total of 350 patients (from 861 medical records) were eligible for the study. The majority of patients were male (62.9%), and the dominant age group (≥35 years old) accounted for 53.7% of patients. Sexual intercourse was the primary route of transmission of HIV (95.1%). The proportions of participants who took the correct medicine and at a proper dose were 98.3% and 86.3%, respectively. In total, 94.9% of participants took medicine appropriately in combination with food and beverage, and 75.7% of participants were strictly adherent to ART. The factors marital status (odds ratio (OR) = 2.54; 95%CI = 1.51–4.28), being away from home (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.03–2.78), substance abuse (OR = 2.7; 95%CI = 1.44–5.05), general knowledge about ART (OR = 2.75; 95%CI = 1.67–4.53), stopping medication after improvement (OR = 4.16; 95%CI = 2.29–7.56) and self-assessment of therapy adherence (OR = 9.83; 95%CI = 5.44–17.77) were significantly associated with patients’ adherence. Conclusions: Three-quarters of patients were adherent to ART. Researchers should consider these determinants of adherence in developing interventions in further studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Outcomes of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Ebenezer Zaabaar ◽  
Frank Assiamah ◽  
Michael Agyemang Kwarteng ◽  
Kofi Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity

Background: The growing middle-class population of Ghana has seen more people being employed in visually demanding occupations  and hence there is an increased desire for quality post-cataract surgical visual outcomes. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) among Ghanaians. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which records of patients who underwent MSCIS or phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 248 eyes were reviewed, out of which 132 underwent PHACO and 116 had MSICS. A significant number of the  PHACO group had good (6/6–6/18) uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) compared to the MSICS group at 1–2 weeks follow-up (p = 0.003) and 4–6 weeks follow-up (p = 0.002). MSICS resulted in a higher total astigmatic change compared to PHACO (p < 0.001). The PHACO grouphad a higher number of postoperative complications compared with the MSICS group (p <0.001). Postoperative borderline and poor  uncorrected visual acuity were associated with age, total astigmatic change, and postoperative complications. Conclusion: The postoperative UCVA outcomes at 4–6 weeks’ follow-up indicates that PHACO resulted in noticeably less spectacle dependency when compared to MSICS.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with hiv/aids hospitalized at the hospital for reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Soares Amorim ◽  
Denismar Borges Miranda ◽  
Renata Campos Simões Cabral ◽  
Ana Verônica Mascarenhas Batista
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with HIV/AIDS hospitalized at the Hospital for Reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from January to December 2008; the data was obtained from medical records upon approval by the Committee for Ethics in Research of Hospital Couto Maia (protocol 15/2009). Results: for the 194 patients studied, the average age was 37.8 years, ± 10.7 years. The predominant age group was 21 to 50 years old, which represented 87.5% of the all patients. Prior to hospitalization, about 150 patients were already diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and 54 were in regular use of antiretroviral therapy. Diarrhea, toxoplasmosis and esophageal candidiasis were the most common opportunistic diseases encountered. The average CD4 was 82 cells/mm3, ranging from 7 to 1,099. Of the 194 patients studied, 65 (33.5%) died and the highest mortality rates were attributed to Kaposi's sarcoma (75.0%) and toxoplasmosis (42.2%). Conclusions: the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients with HIV/AIDS analyzed consists of young heterosexuals adult males, who were diagnosed previously to their hospitalization and whose main reason for hospitalization was related to opportunistic diseases. Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; health profile; aids-related opportunistic infections.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com HIV/AIDS no Hospital de Referência do Estado da Bahia. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta pelos pacientes internados no hospital de referência no tratamento de HIV/AIDS da cidade de Salvador-Ba, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2008; os dados foram obtidos de prontuários médicos após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Couto Maia com protocolo 15/2009. Resultados: dos 194 pacientes, observou-se média de idade de 37,8 anos ± 10,7 anos. Predominou faixa etária entre 21 e 50 anos somando 87,5% dos pacientes. Cerca de 150 pacientes tinham diagnóstico prévio à internação e 54 estavam em uso regular de TARV na admissão. Diarréia, neurotoxoplasmose e candidíase esofágica foram as doenças oportunistas mais freqüentes. A mediana de CD4 foi de 82 variando de 7-1.099 células/mm3. Observou-se que, 65 (33,5%) foram a óbito e as maiores taxas de letalidade foram atribuídas ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) e neurotoxoplasmose (42,2%). Conclusão: o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em estudo é composto por adultos jovens, do gênero masculino, heterossexuais que possuíam diagnóstico prévio a internação, cujo principal motivo de internação esteve relacionado à doença oportunista. Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; perfil de saúde; infecções oportunistas relacionadas com a aids.RESUMENObjetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el hospital de referencia del estado de Bahía, Brasil. Método: estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de los pacientes ingresados en el hospital para el tratamiento del VIH/SIDA, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, entre enero y diciembre de 2008; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de los registros médicos seguidamente a la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Couto Maia (protocolo 15/2009). Resultados: de los 194 pacientes estudiados la edad promedio fue de 37,8 años ± 10,7 años. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 21 a 50 años, lo que representa 87,5% del total de pacientes. Alrededor de 150 pacientes fueron diagnosticados antes de la admisión y 54 hacían uso regular de la terapia antirretroviral cuando del ingreso. Se observó que la diarrea, toxoplasmosis y candidiasis esofágica fueron las enfermedades oportunistas más frecuentes. El promedio de CD4 fue de 82 células/mm3, entre 7 y 1.099. De los 194 pacientes estudiados, 65 (33,5%) fallecieron y las tasas de mortalidad más altas se atribuyen al sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) y toxoplasmosis (42,2%). Conclusiones: el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA analizados se compone de jóvenes adultos, hombres, heterosexuales, que habían sido diagnosticados previamente a la hospitalización y cuyo principal motivo para el ingreso en el hospital estaba relacionado con enfermedades oportunistas. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; perfil de salud; infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con la sida.

Speech therapy aspects in patients’ palliative care

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Bello Gabriel ◽  
Elana de Menezes Rossetto ◽  
Vera Beatris Martins ◽  
Monalise Costa Batista Berbert
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Assessments

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the speech therapy aspects of patients treated by the palliative care team in a hospital. Methods: an observational and cross-sectional study, performed from medical records of patients treated under Palliative Care Program, in a hospital, from July to September 2018. Information from the anamnesis and speech-language assessments, which were analyzed by frequency measures, were collected. Results: the sample was composed by 41 medical records, including 25 males and 16 females, with an average age of 61.2 years and hospitalization average time of 20.7 days. Oral feeding was present in 73% of the sample. It was observed that 24% of the patients had impaired expressive language, 56% had reduced maximum phonation times and 34% showed altered mobility phonoarticulatory organs. For swallowing, 22% showed difficulty in some consistency. A nutritional feeding was verified in 74% of the sample and the remaining was making use of comfort feeding. In relation to assistance, 46% of the sample was under management, 7% in therapy, and the remaining did not have follow-up indication. Conclusion: relevant alterations to orofacial motricity, voice, language and swallowing were found in patients under palliative care.

scholarly journals Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV/AIDS Patients in the Upper West Region of Ghana

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Obirikorang ◽  
Peter Kuugemah Selleh ◽  
Jubilant Kwame Abledu ◽  
Chris Opoku Fofie
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Wellness ◽  
Effective Counseling ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. The effectiveness of ART interventions is only realized in maximal levels of adherence. A near perfect adherence level of >95% is required for the effective suppression of HIV/AIDS virus. The main objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors that facilitate adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2013 at the Upper West Regional Hospital, Wa. A total of 201 confirmed HIV 1 seropositive subjects (mean age 36.6±9.9 years) receiving antiretroviral therapy were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 5. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all statistical analyses. Results. Overall lifetime adherence was found to be 62.2% while medication adherence in the last six months, last three months, last month, and last week were 73.6%, 87.1%, 91.0%, and 86.0%, respectively. The study revealed a positive association between adherence to ART and immunological success, with nonadherence increasing the risk (OR (95% CI): 9.2 (3.2–26.9)) of immunological failure. Univariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that other ailments and side effects of drug were negatively associated with adherence to ART whereas self-perceived wellness, family support, and regular followup were positively associated with adherence to ART. Conclusion. Regular attendance at followup and family support are vital factors for 100% lifetime medication adherence. Effective counseling sessions on adherence for patients on antiretroviral therapy are paramount for the realization of the purpose of antiretroviral therapy programmes in Ghana.

scholarly journals ILEITIS - DO ENDOSCOPIST AND PATHOLOGIST SPEAK THE SAME LANGUAGE?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia ROSEVICS ◽  
Luiz Roberto KOTZE ◽  
Odery RAMOS JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ileitis is defined as an inflammation of the ileum, which is evaluated during colonoscopy. Biopsies should be performed on altered ileus, aiding to the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the correlation of anatomopathological findings on ileitis between pathologists and endoscopists. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study, between 2013 and 2017. Examination report, indications for colonoscopy, and medical records were evaluated to identify whether the colonoscopic findings were clinically significant. Anatomopathological samples were reviewed by a pathologist expert in gastrointestinal tract. Patients over 18 years of age who had undergone ileoscopy were included, whereas patients below 18 years of age and those with previous intestinal resections were excluded. The correlation was assessed using the kappa coefficient index. RESULTS: A total of 5833 colonoscopies were conducted in the study period and 3880 cases were included. Ileal alterations were observed in 206 cases, with 2.94% being clinically significant. A hundred and sixty three biopsies were evaluated using the kappa index, resulting in agreement among pathologists of 0.067 and among pathologist and endoscopist of 0.141. CONCLUSION: It was observed that despite the low concordance between pathologists and endoscopists, there was no change in patient outcomes. This study confirms the importance of knowledge of the main anatomopathological changes related to ileitis by pathologists and endoscopists, making the best diagnosis and follow-up.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and perception regarding HIV/AIDS among postgraduate students of university of Pune

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipendra Singh Thakuri ◽  
Chandra Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a public health challenge because there is still no cure drug available. Thus, the study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS among postgraduate students of University of Pune.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among the students of the University of Pune, Maharashtra, India from July to December 2013. A total of 432 respondents were enrolled in the study. The respondents were selected using simple random sampling and descriptive analysis was done to assess the KAPs.Results: The result shows that all the students had heard about HIV/AIDS. The common source of information was mass media 70.8%. About 79% students had known the cause of HIV/AIDS and 83.4% said correct full form of HIV. However, there were many misconceptions about the routes of transmission. 37% of the students believed that HIV may be transmitted through mosquito’s bite and 16.9% reported that sharing meal with infected people can transmit HIV. A relatively positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients was found among students. Nevertheless, about 21% of students avoid care of HIV positive person, 25% rejected to buying food from HIV positive shopkeeper and 21% refused to continue working if worker is HIV positive. Regarding perception, the majority of students had positive perception.Conclusions: All students were aware of HIV/AIDS. Majority of them were aware about route of transmission and prevention. However, the respondents comprising post graduate students, yet there were many misconceptions about route of transmission and significant knowledge, attitude and perception gaps.

scholarly journals Performing General Surgery Emergencies Safely during COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case

Background: After the first case was diagnosed in Turkey on 11 March 2020 the decision was made by the science committee formed by the Ministry of Health to establish pandemic hospitals across the country. Herein, we aimed to evaluate management of the patients who required urgent intervention and/or surgery at the general surgery ward during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in a pandemic hospital. The medical records of patients requiring urgent surgical intervention and of trauma patients admitted to the general surgery outpatient clinic between 11 March 2020 and 11 May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including means, standard deviations, medians, minimums, maximums, frequencies and ratios. Results: A total of 48 patients were included in the study. Thirty (62.5%) patients were male and 18 (37.5%) were female. Their mean age was 50.3 ± 19 (range 13 - 93) years, with 13 (27%) patients being 65 years old or older. In the preoperative period, only one patient (2%) was suspected of COVID-19. On the other hand, four (8%) patients had a suspicion in the postoperative period. All of them discharged uneventfully. Mortality occurred in 5 patients (10%) who had undergone due to trauma (2), perforation (2) and ischemia (1). None of the deceased patients had suspected COVID-19. No suspected case of COVID-19 was observed during the 14-day follow-up period after discharge. Conclusion: Patients who needs emergency surgery should be intervened without delay during the pandemic. Possible COVID-19 should be considered for each patient and preoperative preparations should be carried out with a multidisciplinary approach that involves infectious diseases and anesthesia teams.

scholarly journals Depression among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Attending ART Clinics at Aksum Town, Aksum, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhe Beyene Gebrezgiabher ◽  
Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha ◽  
Etsay Hailu ◽  
Hailay Siyum ◽  
Getachew Mebrahtu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Depression is consistently associated with increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and poor antiretroviral treatment adherence. Though many factors have been reported as determinant factors of depression, site-specific evidence is needed to identify factors associated with depression among adults on antiretroviral treatment. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2015 among 411 adults HIV/AIDS patients on ART clinic follow-up. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected using chart review and interviewer- administered techniques. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to compute the statistical test associations by SPSS version-20. Variables with p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. Four hundred eleven patients with a mean age ± Standard Deviation of 36.1±9.2 years and with a total response rate of 97.6% were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of depression was 14.6% (95% CI, 10.90-18.2). Factors independently associated with depression were nonadherence to ART, eating two meals per day or less, having side effect of ART medication, being in the WHO Stage II or above of HIV/AIDS, and living alone with AOR (95% CI) of 3.3 (1.436, 7.759), 2.8 (1.382, 5.794), 4.7 (1.317, 16.514), 2.8 (0.142, 0.786), and 2.4 (1.097, 5.429), respectively. Conclusion. Though the magnitude of depression was found relatively low, it was commonly observed as a mental health problem among adult patients with HIV/AIDS on ART. Programs on counseling and close follow-up of adherence to ART, drug side effects, and nutrition should be strengthened. Health facilities should link adult patients with HIV/AIDS who live alone to governmental and nongovernmental social supporter organizations.

scholarly journals Epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS seropositive individuals attending ART center at a tertiary care teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neethi Chandra M. ◽  
Ramesh Babu A. ◽  
T. S. Durga Prasad ◽  
Meghana Devulapalli ◽  
Shabana Banu S. K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background:HIBackground: HIV/ AIDS is an epidemic that is most prevalent in India affecting people of different age groups, occupations and gender. It has a severe impact on the health status of the affected individuals. With the increase in the transmission of HIV there is also an increase in the existence of TB as a co-infection. In this context, the aim of our study is to emphasize the factors affecting the occurrence, transmission and prognosis of HIV/AIDS patients along with TB co-infection.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2016 at an ART center in South India. All the seropositive patients with/ without opportunistic infection above the age of 18 years were included in the study.Results: Overall 374 patients were included in the study, of which the most affected age group was 18-45 years. Women constituted 55.61% of the total population. 64.17% of the individuals were married. Majority of them belonged to rural areas (64.97%) and were illiterates (37.43%). Commonly observed WHO clinical stage was I and functional status was working. Heterosexuality (93.65%) was the predominant route of transmission. 170 had TB with PTB (60.58%) being prevalent than EPTB (33.52%). The number of smear positive and smear negative cases were 37.79% and 27.55% respectively. DOTS therapy was accessible to only 49.99%.Conclusions: There was an extensive prevalence of TB among HIV/AIDS individuals. This signifies a need for increased screening of TB among HIV seropositive individuals and vice-versa. Preventive and educational programmes should be organised to halt the transmission of HIV and to reduce the newly occurring HIV infections. V/ AIDS is an epidemic that is most prevalent in India affecting people of different age groups, occupations and gender. It has a severe impact on the health status of the affected individuals. With the increase in the transmission of HIV there is also an increase in the existence of TB as a co-infection. In this context, the aim of our study is to emphasize the factors affecting the occurrence, transmission and prognosis of HIV/AIDS patients along with TB co-infection.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2016 at an ART center in South India. All the seropositive patients with/ without opportunistic infection above the age of 18 years were included in the study.Results: Overall 374 patients were included in the study, of which the most affected age group was 18-45 years. Women constituted 55.61% of the total population. 64.17% of the individuals were married. Majority of them belonged to rural areas (64.97%) and were illiterates (37.43%). Commonly observed WHO clinical stage was I and functional status was working. Heterosexuality (93.65%) was the predominant route of transmission. 170 had TB with PTB (60.58%) being prevalent than EPTB (33.52%). The number of smear positive and smear negative cases were 37.79% and 27.55% respectively. DOTS therapy was accessible to only 49.99%.Conclusion: There was an extensive prevalence of TB among HIV/AIDS individuals. This signifies a need for increased screening of TB among HIV seropositive individuals and vice-versa. Preventive and educational programmes should be organised to halt the transmission of HIV and to reduce the newly occurring HIV infections.   

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