scholarly journals Using Negative Muons as a Probe for Depth Profiling Silver Roman Coinage

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Hampshire ◽  
Kevin Butcher ◽  
Katsu Ishida ◽  
George Green ◽  
Don Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Surface Enrichment ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Roman Coins ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

Debasement of silver Roman coins is a well-known phenomenon and understanding the quality of ancient silver coinages can provide an idea about the underlying fiscal condition of the issuing states. These coins are made from a silver-copper alloy, the surfaces of which were deliberately enhanced at the mints by a process of surface-enrichment to give them the appearance of being made of pure silver. Therefore, any surface analysis would provide a composition of the silver-copper alloy that would not be representative of the original alloy from which the coin blank was made; the result would be too high in silver. However, the bulk of the sample, the interior, should provide a composition that is true to the original alloy. Elemental analysis using negative muons has been used to provide a depth dependent compositional, completely non-destructive analysis of a silver-copper alloy denarius of the empress Julia Domna datable to 211–217 CE. The composition of the coin, beyond the surface enrichment layer, is 51 ± 1.8 % copper and 49 ± 1.9% silver, taken at a muon depth of 402 ± 61 µm. The surface enrichment layer is approximately 190 µm thick.

scholarly journals Design of a custom-made device for real-time optical measurement of differential mineral concentrations in three-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lovecchio ◽  
V. Betti ◽  
M. Cortesi ◽  
E. Ravagli ◽  
S. Severi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Non Destructive

Monitoring bone tissue engineered (TEed) constructs during their maturation is important to ensure the quality of applied protocols. Several destructive, mainly histochemical, methods are conventionally used to this aim, requiring the sacrifice of the investigated samples. This implies (i) to plan several scaffold replicates, (ii) expensive and time consuming procedures and (iii) to infer the maturity level of a given tissue construct from a cognate replica. To solve these issues, non-destructive techniques such as light spectroscopy-based methods have been reported to be useful. Here, a miniaturized and inexpensive custom-made spectrometer device is proposed to enable the non-destructive analysis of hydrogel scaffolds. Testing involved samples with a differential amount of calcium salt. When compared to a reference standard device, this custom-made spectrometer demonstrates the ability to perform measurements without requiring elaborate sample preparation and/or a complex instrumentation. This preliminary study shows the feasibility of light spectroscopy-based methods as useful for the non-destructive analysis of TEed constructs. Based on these results, this custom-made spectrometer device appears as a useful option to perform real-time/in-line analysis. Finally, this device can be considered as a component that can be easily integrated on board of recently prototyped bioreactor systems, for the monitoring of TEed constructs during their conditioning.

Effectiveness of Non Destructive Physical Analysis Method Using X-ray CT Imaging

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mizoguchi ◽  
Koichiro Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Images ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Nondestructive Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Now we are attempting to apply non destructive analysis from evaluation tests or failure analysis to acceptance tests or production tests. Needless to say non destructive analysis has an advantage of conserving the state of samples and the reducing the time of analysis as compared to conventional methods with destructive physical analysis. Moreover, we are paying attention to the following reasons for nondestructive physical analysis. It is difficult to keep the reproducibility of the analysis because of the high skill level required for destructive physical analysis. On the other hand, high reproducibility can be easily achieved by fixing the condition or parameters of the device during nondestructive analysis when performed by tools like X-ray. Moreover, we expect that neither the analytical result nor the quality of the nondestructive analysis depends upon the worker's capability. In this paper we will discuss the following two items from the viewpoint of quality assurance. 1. The method of the screening for fake parts (1) The procedure flow for the production discontinued parts (2) The comparison and examination between the diagnostic using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) images and various examinations (3) Other observation cases using X-ray CT images 2. Effectiveness and consideration in reliability evaluation test using X-ray CT image (1) Comparison of observation cases with a variety of jointing points in parts (2) Consideration of application of nondestructive observation technique in reliability test Use of X-ray CT images is effective in diagnosing the quality of the product or the process. Moreover, we find that use of X-ray CT images is effective for the improvement of the reproducibility of the evaluation examination. Then we find that use of X-ray CT images can reduce the time of evaluation examination too.

scholarly journals Application of carnauba-based wax maintains postharvest quality of 'Ortanique' tangor

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Ligia de Castro Machado ◽  
José Maria Correia Costa ◽  
Emanuele Nogueira Batista
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Juice Content

This study aimed at evaluating compositional changes in the quality of 'Ortanique' tangor after coating with the carnauba-based waxes Aruá Tropical® or Star Light®. The storage conditions studied simulated those of local marketing (22 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH). Non-destructive analysis, mass loss, peel color, and sensory evaluation, were performed upon coating and every three days up to the fifteenth day of storage. Destructive analysis, peel moisture content, chlorophyll of the peel, pulp color, juice content, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, were performed upon coating and every four days up to the sixteenth day of storage. The assay was conducted using an entirely randomized design, with three replications (destructive analyses) or ten replications (non-destructive analyses), in a split plot scheme. Wax-coating, especially Aruá Tropical®, maintained fruit freshness by reducing mass loss and peel dehydration and retaining green color. Peel moisture content, chlorophyll content, and juice content had lower rates in the wax coated fruits. Puncture force, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio varied vary little over the course of storage. Sensory evaluation showed that the application of Aruá Tropical keeps 'Ortanique' tangor fresher for 6 days longer for commercialization.

Non-destructive elemental analysis of copper-alloy artefacts with epithermal neutron-resonance capture

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (S1) ◽  
pp. A233-A240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Postma ◽  
M. Blaauw ◽  
P. Schillebeeckx ◽  
G. Lobo ◽  
R. B. Halbertsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Epithermal Neutron ◽  
Neutron Resonance ◽  
Resonance Capture ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Non-destructive analysis of drug distribution in nonwovens as drug-delivery systems for biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 504-506
Author(s):  
Thomas Reske ◽  
Katharina Wulf ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Thomas Eickner ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Special Sample Preparation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Analysis of the active ingredient distribution of medical devices is typically performed using Raman spectroscopy, a method that is fast and inexpensive [1]. In addition, it offers the advantage of non-destructive analysis without the need for special sample preparation. Assuming that all components are Raman-active and present in sufficient quantities, their distribution can be well represented. The drug distribution in dexamethasone-loaded polymer nonwovens was investigated in order to draw conclusions on the quality of the fleece batches and to make predictions for the release behavior. In the present study, dexamethasone (DMS), a glucocorticoid was used as the active ingredient. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the content of DMS in polymer films by means of Raman spectroscopy have already been carried out in the working group [2]. A representative square section was examined to describe the distribution of active ingredients. The required number of measurement points (spectra) was determined earlier [2].

Non-Destructive Analysis of Thin III-V Epitaxial Layers Using a Tabletop Double Crystal X-Ray Diffractometer

1990 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Commercial Software Package ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTSome of today's most promising and interesting semiconductor devices use only a few thin epitaxial layers of III-V materials, where each layer may be only 100 to 1,000A thick. There is a need for fast, accurate, non-destructive analysis techniques for these structures. Double-crystal x-ray diffraction has proven to be an excellent method for measuring composition, thickness, interface sharpness, and overall crystalline quality of III-V heterostructures. Data is presented on the use of a Bede QC1 automated table-top double-crystal diffractometer for the analysis of (AI,Ga)As, (ln,Ga)As, and GaAs epitaxial layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). It is shown that this technique can directly detect and analyze single layers of (In,Ga)As as thin as 200A, and in some cases, can indirectly detect layers of GaAs or (AI,Ga)As as thin as 100A without unusual measures such as glancing angle diffraction. The rocking curve results are compared with values predicted by RHEED intensity oscillation measurements, and with computer simulations using a commercial software package.

Non-destructive μXRF analysis of glass and metal objects from sites in the Libyan pre-desert and Fazzan

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Duckworth ◽  
A. Cuénod ◽  
D.J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
North African ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThis paper reports on the non-destructive analysis of 42 samples of copper alloy and glass from sites in Libya, using semi-quantitative μXRF, carried out as part of the work of the Trans-Sahara Project funded by the European Research Council. These are among the first chemical analyses to be performed on metals and glasses of any period found in Libya, and the results – though preliminary – raise some interesting possibilities. In particular, we discuss some possible indications with regard to the practice of recycling glasses, as evidenced through heterogeneous, malformed glass beads with variable quantities of lead. A glass mirror from Ghirza was also found to be backed in lead, and was probably the result of a glass-making technique still practised in recent times in India. The metal analysis has revealed evidence of a pre-Islamic trade in brass in the northern Sahara, as well as showing the presence of objects made from the mixing of different types of scrap metal, a process probably taking place at the Garamantian metalworking site of Saniat Jibril among other locations. The importance of further analysis of available Libyan and other North African metal artefacts and glasses for the contextualisation and extension of these findings is emphasised.

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