scholarly journals How Can You Not Shout, Now That the Whispering Is Done? Accounts of the Enemy in US, Hmong, and Vietnamese Soldiers’ Literary Reflections on the War

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
David Beard
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
The North ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions

As typified in the Christmas Truce, soldiers commiserate as they see themselves in the enemy and experience empathy. Commiseration is the first step in breaking down the rhetorical construction of enemyship that acts upon soldiers and which prevents reconciliation and healing. This essay proceeds in three steps. We will identify first the diverse forms of enemyship held by the American, by the North Vietnamese, and by the Hmong soldiers, reading political discourse, poetry, and fiction to uncover the rhetorical constructions of the enemy. We will talk about both an American account and a North Vietnamese account of commiseration, when a soldier looks at the enemy with compassion rooted in identification. Commiseration is fleeting; reconciliation and healing must follow, and so finally, we will look at some of the moments of reconciliation, after the war, in which Vietnamese, Hmong and American soldiers (and their children and grandchildren) find healing.

The Virtues of Exit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennet Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Human Fight ◽  
The North ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Fugitive Slave ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response

Successful democracies rely on an active citizenry. They require citizens to participate by voting, serving on juries, and running for office. But what happens when those citizens purposefully opt out of politics? Exit—the act of leaving—is often thought of as purely instinctual, a part of the human “fight or flight” response, or, alternatively, motivated by an antiparticipatory, self-centered impulse. However, in this eye-opening book, Jennet Kirkpatrick argues that the concept of exit deserves closer scrutiny. She names and examines several examples of political withdrawal, from Thoreau decamping to Walden to slaves fleeing to the North before the Civil War. In doing so, Kirkpatrick not only explores what happens when people make the decision to remove themselves but also expands our understanding of exit as a political act, illustrating how political systems change in the aftermath of actual or threatened departure. Moreover, she reframes the decision to refuse to play along—whether as a fugitive slave, a dissident who is exiled but whose influence remains, or a government in exile—as one that shapes political discourse, historically and today.

KNIGHTS, NOT PAWNS: ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS IN POST-COLONIAL BALOCHISTAN

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Titus ◽  
Nina Swidler
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Indian National Congress

The creation of Pakistan was a crushing blow to those hoping to establish autonomous, ethnically defined states in the western borderlands of the Indian empire. The best known of these movements, the Red Shirts (Khudai Khidmatgar), was active in the North-West Frontier Province since the 1920s and moved from affiliation with the Indian National Congress to advocating sovereignty and ultimately an independent Pushtun state when faced with the inevitability of Partition.1 Similar Pushtun and Balochi movements arose in the last decades of the Raj in the areas that now constitute the Pakistani province of Balochistan. In the pivotal years of 1947 and 1948, the Muslim League was able to outmaneuver and suppress these ambitious young movements, but they did not die. In subsequent decades, Balochi and Pushtun nationalism became key elements in the political discourse and the equation of power in Balochistan, and they remain so today.

scholarly journals Edmund Burke and the First Stuart Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-494
Author(s):  
Philip Connell
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
North American ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractThis essay reconsiders the character and significance of Edmund Burke's attitude to the seventeenth-century civil wars and interregnum. Burke may have venerated the “revolution principles” of 1688–89 over those of the 1640s, not least in the Reflections on the Revolution in France in which he notoriously compares English dissenting radicals to regicidal Puritans. Yet his response to the first Stuart revolution is more complex than has commonly been allowed and is closely bound up with Burke's earlier parliamentary career as a prominent member of the Rockingham Whig connection. The revival of an anti-Stuart idiom within the extra-parliamentary opposition of the 1760s, together with the mounting conflict with the North American colonies, gave renewed prominence to the memory of the civil wars within English political discourse. The Rockinghamites attempted to exploit this development—without compromising their own, more conservative reading of seventeenth-century history—but they were also its victims. In the years that followed, Burke and his colleagues were repeatedly identified by their political opponents with the spirit of Puritan rebellion and Cromwellian usurpation. These circumstances provide a new perspective on Burke's interpretation of the nation's revolutionary past; they also offer important insights into his writings and speeches in response to the French Revolution.

scholarly journals Rituals between religion and politics: the case of VHP’s 2001-2002 Ayodhya-campaign

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Erik Reenberg Sand
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sangh Parivar

The present paper deals with rituals in a political discourse, namely the rituals employed by the right wing, Hindu nationalist movement, Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), in its campaign for a Rama temple in the north Indian town of Ayodhya. As is probably well-known, VHP is part of a group of organizations known as the Sangh Parivar, or sangh family, which also includes the presently ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the ultranationalistic organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or RSS. The rituals of VHP are instruments of the construction of an ideal Hindu society and part of an encounter between Hindu-nationalist tenets and the secular, political establishment. However, the rituals employed by VHP can not be said to represent a separate ritual genre, since they are not different from similar, traditional Hindu rituals. What makes them different is their context and their motives, the fact that they do not serve ordinary material, eschatological, or soteriological aims, but rather political aims, as well as the fact that the ritual agents in this case do not seem to have a satisfactory juridical legitimacy to perform the rituals.

Parody and Garden Path

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Guojin Hou ◽  
Mei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aha Effect ◽  
Intended Effect

AbstractThis is a study of Chinese rhetorical constructions, parody and garden path (GP), from the perspective of lexico-constructional pragmatics (LCP). LCP adopts a holographic view of lexicon and construction so that they can be analyzed alike. We take parody and GP examples from Chinese advertisements for analysis. The LCP analysis highlights the pragmaticity and rhetoricality of each case: for a particular effect. When difficulty arises, pragmatic means may be used to “pragma-coerce” the right, clever, or erroneous use of a rhetorical construction for delivery of a retrievable intended effect, an Aha-effect. We conduct a mini-questionnaire with two cases, the former dealing with parody and the latter with GP. The study indicates the humor competence of ordinary Chinese participants (around the level of BA) as far as parody and GP are concerned and the participants’ potential for cognition of the pragma-rhetorical values of parody and GP or their potential for generation of such utterances. It is suggested that rhetorical constructions outwit the less rhetorical or grammatical constructions iff they are available and accessible, and that LCP can offer us a feasible interpretation of such tropes as parody and GP.

scholarly journals Syncretism of the New Year’s Greetings Genre: Bilingual Ranking and Strategic Intentions

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Tameryan ◽  
Tatyana G. Rakhmatulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
The North ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North And South

The article covers issues related to the New Year’s addresses of Vyacheslav Zelimkhanovich Bitarov, the head of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and the Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov, President of the Republic of South Ossetia. as the specifics of political communication small form genre. The genre features and cultural and historical characteristics of the New Year’s address of the head of state are identified and described. The study is based on the methodological platforms of genre analysis, approaches to typologization of speech genres, methods of communication strategies analyzing, methods and techniques of cognitive analysis, methods of conceptological analysis, methods of contextual analysis. The authors identified the typologically inherent characteristics in this political discourse genre based on the multidimensional classification criteria. A detailed analysis of the structural and semantic organization of the New Year address has been carried out. Variants of language codes switching are revealed, namely parity messages duplication, summarization in the Ossetian language, circular bilingual representation of the text. An optical mode of ritual appeal, represented by prayer formulas, has been determined. The types of performativity realized through etiquette congratulations and generally accepted wishes, ethnic well-wishes and clichéd fragments of Ossetian toast-prayers are considered. . The basic concepts of the of New Year’s messages cognitive space are described, including ethnospecific Ossetian concepts «куывд»”(kuyvd”), «фарн» (“farn), «бæркад» (“bаrkad”) and universal concepts “values”, “past”, “future”, “achievements”. The originality of the appeal texts targeting is indicated, it consists in the native land – Ossetia (Iriston) personification and the ethnos differentiation into the North and South Ossetians. According to the study results, it was established that the congratulation texts of the North and South Ossetias leaders are generated on the basis of a stable model, which possesses the genre in political discourse institutional features and ethnic features of traditional Ossetian communication.

scholarly journals SYNTAX EXPRESSEMES IN THE POETIC DISCOURSE BY LESIA UKRAINKA: INTENTIONALITY AND AESTHETICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
S. T. Shabat-Savka
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Time History ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

The article analyses Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic discourse from the standpoint of syntactic expressemes functioning within it. Expressemes are viewed as figurative-rhetorical constructions that express aesthetic, emotional-evaluative and expressive potential, effectively influence the human cognitive-mental complex, consciousness, spiritual worldview, emotional perception, in contrast to conventional syntactic units. Based on the relevant linguistic methodology, a significant amount of empirical data has been studied, which testifies to the artistic perfection of Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic idiolect. The use of a rich data source enabled systematization of syntactic expressemes and investigation of syntactic means of rhetoric speech, such as rhetorical questions, exclamations, dialogues. It is noted that rhetorical questions, in particular, realize emotionalexpressive statement or objection, creating figurative, semantic-aesthetic effect of communication, accentuate important information, representing a high style speech, and emphasize its sophistication and imagery. Drawing on empirical data the author also outlines functional potential of interrogative and exclamatory statements, focusing on the intentional potential of antiphrasis constructions and repetitions, and study period as a complex figurative-rhetorical construction, characterized by aphorism, dynamic nature and special syntactic structure. In the context of the poetic idiolect, vocative communication and addressing are analysed, which not only verbalize direct appeal but also serve as a source of aesthetic pleasure. Syntactic expressemes as a means of verbalizing the intentions of aesthetics in Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic discourse correspond to the author’s idea, create aesthetics and expressiveness, represent the writer’s linguistic creativity, testifying to the inalienable relevance of her work through the prism of time, history and personalities. The prospect of the research is seen in a more detailed study of the functional capabilities of syntactic expressemes in Lesia Ukrainka’s lyrical-epic discourse. 

scholarly journals Logone and Dar al-Kuti: Phantom Independence in Central Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Dobronravin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

The republics of Logone and Dar al-Kuti are vivid examples of phantom independence in the countries of Central Africa. Unlike the really existing unrecognized states, these pseudo-states first appeared in the political discourse of the ruling regimes, allegedly struggling with the separatists. Subsequently, the myth of Logone and Dar al-Kuti was adopted by the forces advocating autonomy or independence in the south of Chad and the north of the Central African Republic.

scholarly journals Translation Analysis of Ideological Aspects through the Use of Rhetorical Constructions in How to Win Friends and Influence People

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Nuning Yudhi Prasetyani
Keyword(s):  
Translation Process ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Original Message ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Ideological Construction

Rhetorical construction may have a number of functions in a text. It attempts to prompt a reaction to the message of a statement by expressing it in words that have particular connotations. The study aims at the application of rhetorical constructions reflecting the author’s ideology, Dale Carnegie, in ‘How to Win Friends and Influence People’ and how the translator rendered them through the selection of translation techniques into Indonesian version using Van Dijk’s CDA model to determine the quality of translation. By applying a content analysis, the study finds that in general the author uses rhetorical constructions such as repetitions, metaphors, rhetorical questions, and hyperboles to represent his ideology in this book. The author explores a lot on the persuasive and motivational ideology. The findings also show evidence that the translator implements several different translation techniques, such as established equivalent, variation, transposition, amplification, and modulation in order to attain a high quality of translation and to preserve the author’s ideology. Meanwhile, the use of translation techniques such as literal, reduction, generalization, modulation (optional), and discursive creation result in a lower quality of translation and also create a shift (in form and meaning) in the translated version. Thus, these techniques used show the translator’s ability to comprehend what is behind the text, and the translator must also take into consideration any shift in meaning of the ideological construction in the translation process so as to avoid a low quality of translation. This implies that translator should consider the ideology behind the author’s intention to deliver his or her message and chooses the appropriate techniques of translation to maintain the original message in the translated version

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document