scholarly journals Gut Microbiota between Environment and Genetic Background in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Agostino Di Ciaula ◽  
Alessandro Stella ◽  
Leonilde Bonfrate ◽  
David Q. H. Wang ◽  
Piero Portincasa
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Host Metabolism

The gastrointestinal tract hosts the natural reservoir of microbiota since birth. The microbiota includes various bacteria that establish a progressively mutual relationship with the host. Of note, the composition of gut microbiota is rather individual-specific and, normally, depends on both the host genotype and environmental factors. The study of the bacterial profile in the gut demonstrates that dominant and minor phyla are present in the gastrointestinal tract with bacterial density gradually increasing in oro-aboral direction. The cross-talk between bacteria and host within the gut strongly contributes to the host metabolism, to structural and protective functions. Dysbiosis can develop following aging, diseases, inflammatory status, and antibiotic therapy. Growing evidences show a possible link between the microbiota and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), through a shift of the relative abundance in microbial species. To which extent such perturbations of the microbiota are relevant in driving the phenotypic manifestations of FMF with respect to genetic background, remains to be further investigated.

Bile Acids, Their Receptors, and the Gut Microbiota

Physiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Poland ◽  
C. Robb Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Molecular Network ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Host Metabolism

Bile acids (BAs) are a family of hydroxylated steroids secreted by the liver that aid in the breakdown and absorption of dietary fats. BAs also function as nutrient and inflammatory signaling molecules, acting through cognate receptors, to coordinate host metabolism. Commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are functional modifiers of the BA pool, affecting composition and abundance. Deconjugation of host BAs creates a molecular network that inextricably links gut microtia with their host. In this review we highlight the roles of BAs in mediating this mutualistic relationship with a focus on those events that impact host physiology and metabolism.

scholarly journals Specific changes in faecal microbiota are associated with familial Mediterranean fever

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1398-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Deshayes ◽  
Soraya Fellahi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Bastard ◽  
Jean-Marie Launay ◽  
Jacques Callebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Factor Α

ObjectivesFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) can be complicated by AA amyloidosis (AAA), though it remains unclear why only some patients develop amyloidosis. We examined the gut microbiota composition and inflammatory markers in patients with FMF complicated or not by AAA.MethodsWe analysed the gut microbiota of 34 patients with FMF without AAA, 7 patients with FMF with AAA, 19 patients with AAA of another origin, and 26 controls using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Associations between bacterial taxa and clinical phenotypes were evaluated using multivariate association with linear models statistical method. Blood levels of interleukin (IL)−1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and adipokines were assessed by ELISA; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, specific changes in faecal microbiota were observed in FMF and AAA groups. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were associated with FMF. Moreover, two OTUs were over-represented in FMF-related AAA compared with FMF without AAA. Additionally, higher adiponectin levels and IDO activity were observed in FMF-related AAA compared with FMF without AAA (p<0.05).ConclusionThe presence of specific changes in faecal microbiota in FMF and in FMF-related AAA suggests that intestinal microorganisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. These findings may offer an opportunity to use techniques for gut microbiota manipulation.

E148Q of the MEFV Gene Causes Amyloidosis in Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akar ◽  
E. Akar ◽  
F. Yalcinkaya; ◽  
G. J. Halpern ◽  
A. Mimouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Mefv Gene ◽  
Mediterranean Fever
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