scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota Influences DNA Methylome and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Aïcha Zouggar ◽  
Joshua R. Haebe ◽  
Yannick D. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

In a recent publication, Ansari et al. identified gut microbiota as a critical mediator of the intestinal inflammatory response through epigenetic programming of host intestinal epithelium. Exposure to the microbiota induces Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET)-dependent hypomethylation of genomic elements regulating genes associated with inflammatory response and colorectal cancer. Here, we discuss the impact of such a discovery on the understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may contribute to epigenetic reprogramming and influence the onset of colorectal tumorigenesis. Finally, we examine the prospect of TET inhibition strategies as a therapeutic and/or preventive approach for colorectal cancer in patients afflicted by inflammatory bowel disease.

Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Predicts Poorer Clinical Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Peverelle ◽  
Sarang Paleri ◽  
Jed Hughes ◽  
Peter De Cruz ◽  
Paul J Gow
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity on long-term outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unknown. We examined the impact of post-LT IBD activity on clinically significant outcomes. Methods One hundred twelve patients undergoing LT for PSC from 2 centers were studied for a median of 7 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their IBD activity after LT: no IBD, mild IBD, and moderate to severe IBD. Patients were classified as having moderate to severe IBD if they met at least 1 of 3 criteria: (i) Mayo 2 or 3 colitis or Simple Endoscopic Score–Crohn’s Disease ≥7 on endoscopy; (ii) acute flare of IBD necessitating steroid rescue therapy; or (iii) post-LT colectomy for medically refractory IBD. Results Moderate to severe IBD at any time post-transplant was associated with a higher risk of Clostridium difficile infection (27% vs 8% mild IBD vs 8% no IBD; P = 0.02), colorectal cancer/high-grade dysplasia (21% vs 3% both groups; P = 0.004), post-LT colectomy (33% vs 3% vs 0%) and rPSC (64% vs 18% vs 20%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate to severe IBD increased the risk of both rPSC (relative risk [RR], 8.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.81–27.59; P < 0.001) and colorectal cancer/high-grade dysplasia (RR, 10.45; 95% CI, 3.55–22.74; P < 0.001). Conclusions Moderate to severe IBD at any time post-LT is associated with a higher risk of rPSC and colorectal neoplasia compared with mild IBD and no IBD. Patients with no IBD and mild IBD have similar post-LT outcomes. Future prospective studies are needed to determine if more intensive treatment of moderate to severe IBD improves long-term outcomes in patients undergoing LT for PSC.

scholarly journals Study Insights into Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Kong ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gi Cancers

The gut microbiome in human is recognized as a “microbial organ” for its roles and contributions in regulating the human homeostasis and metabolism. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), rank as the most common cancer-related deaths worldwide. Evidences have suggested that the disorder of gut microbiota, also named as “dysbiosis,” is related to the development of a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the CRC. However, detailed mechanisms between disease and gut microbiota remain largely unknown. This review introduced the correlation between gastrointestinal diseases and the microbiota in human gut from the recent studies, as well as the roles of microbiota in manipulating the CRC and IBDs development, in order to facilitate future studies and to develop novel methods for the precaution, diagnosis, or even cure of gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, we also elucidated the possibility of probiotics in treatment against CRC.

Su1199 THE IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND INFLAMMATORY BURDEN IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-540
Author(s):  
Clara Caenepeel ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Bram Verstockt ◽  
Kathleen Machiels ◽  
Nooshin Ardeshir Davani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflammatory Burden

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10224
Author(s):  
Samuel Fernández-Tomé ◽  
Lorena Ortega Moreno ◽  
María Chaparro ◽  
Javier P. Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.

Tu1816 THE IMPACT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ON POST-COLONOSCOPY COLORECTAL CANCER RATES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROGNOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1173
Author(s):  
Frederikke Schønfeldt Troelsen ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Rune Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Cancer Rates ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals OP10 IgA coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S010-S011
Author(s):  
E Brand ◽  
Y Laenen ◽  
F van Wijk ◽  
M de Zoete ◽  
B Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an interplay between microbiota, the immune system and the environment in genetically susceptible hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by the immune system can be specifically directed against bacteria. The IgA-coating pattern of intestinal bacteria thus reflects interactions between the immune system and specific bacteria. Studying IBD in twins, concordant and discordant for IBD, reduces the impact of genetic predisposition and childhood exposures and therefore offers the unique opportunity to focus on other factors such as intestinal microbiota composition and immune-interactions in IBD. Methods Faecal samples from twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were collected. Employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, IgA+ and IgA− bacteria from the intestinal microbiota were sorted. Subsequently, (1) the total, (2) IgA+ and (3) IgA− microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing (IgA-SEQ). We estimated the relative IgA coating per bacterial species by dividing the abundance of that species in the IgA+ fraction over the abundance in the IgA- fraction, representing the IgA coating index. Linear discriminant analyses were performed with LefSE. Results We included 31 twin pairs (62 individuals) discordant for IBD (CD: 15, UC: 16). 15/32 twin pairs were monozygotic, 43/62 of participants were female, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34–58.5). Of 31 participants with IBD, 7 had signs of active inflammation based on endoscopy, Harvey–Bradshaw index or short clinical colitis activity index. Differences (log-linear discriminant analysis score >3) in the microbial composition of IgA-coated bacteria were observed between CD patients and their twin-siblings not affected by IBD: Dorea formicigenerans (increased in IgA coating), Parabacteroides sp., Christensenellaceae sp., Clostridium sp. and Mollicutes RF39 sp. (decreased in IgA coating). In ulcerative colitis patients, an increase in IgA-coating was observed for Ruminococcus gnavus and Dorea formicigenerans, while Turicibacter sp., Barnesiellaceae sp. and an unclassified Clostridiales sp. were decreased in IgA-coating compared with their twin-siblings not affected by IBD. Conclusion In twins affected by IBD, the pattern of IgA-coated bacteria differs between IBD and non-IBD affected individuals. These data on immune-bacteria interactions could serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the immune-responses triggered by specific bacteria in IBD.

scholarly journals Risk of Malignant Cancers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Y Loo ◽  
Maria Vutcovici ◽  
Alain Bitton ◽  
Peter L Lakatos ◽  
Laurent Azoulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To explore the trends and the predictors of incident malignant cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Methods We identified a cohort of all patients with incident IBD in Quebec, Canada, from 1998 to 2015, using provincial administrative health-care databases [RAMQ and Med-Echo]. Annual incidence rates [IRs] of cancer were calculated using Poisson regression and were compared with those of the Quebec population using standardized incidence ratios [SIRs ]. Temporal trends in these rates were evaluated by fitting generalized linear models. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios [ORs] for predictors associated with cancer development. Results The cohort included 35 985 patients with IBD, of which 2275 developed cancers over a mean follow-up of 8 years (IR 785.6 per 100 000 persons per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 754.0–818.5). The rate of colorectal cancer decreased significantly from 1998 to 2015 [p < 0.05 for linear trend], but the incidence remained higher than expected, compared with the Quebec population [SIR 1.39; 95% CI 1.19–1.60]. Rates of extraintestinal cancers increased non-significantly over time [p = 0.11 for linear trend]. In the IBD cohort, chronic kidney disease [OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.17–1.43], respiratory diseases [OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12], and diabetes mellitus [OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.11] were associated with an increase in the incidence of cancer. Conclusions The decreasing rates of colorectal cancer suggest improved management and care in IBD. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of comorbid conditions on the risk of cancer in IBD.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: new players?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giusi Alberti ◽  
Margherita Mazzola ◽  
Carola Gagliardo ◽  
Alessandro Pitruzzella ◽  
Alberto Fucarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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