scholarly journals Natural Variation and Domestication Selection of ZmPGP1 Affects Plant Architecture and Yield-Related Traits in Maize

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Houmiao Wang ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Shuangyi Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Selection Of

ZmPGP1, involved in the polar auxin transport, has been shown to be associated with plant height, leaf angle, yield traits, and root development in maize. To explore natural variation and domestication selection of ZmPGP1, we re-sequenced the ZmPGP1 gene in 349 inbred lines, 68 landraces, and 32 teosintes. Sequence polymorphisms, nucleotide diversity, and neutral tests revealed that ZmPGP1 might be selected during domestication and improvement processes. Marker–trait association analysis in inbred lines identified 11 variants significantly associated with 4 plant architecture and 5 ear traits. SNP1473 was the most significant variant for kernel length and ear grain weight. The frequency of an increased allele T was 40.6% in teosintes, and it was enriched to 60.3% and 89.1% during maize domestication and improvement. This result revealed that ZmPGP1 may be selected in the domestication and improvement process, and significant variants could be used to develop functional markers to improve plant architecture and ear traits in maize.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Diversity and Association Analysis of ZmMADS60 with Root Length in the Maize Seedling Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Zhenzhen Ge ◽  
Houmiao Wang ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Yunyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Maize Domestication

Root length is a determining factor of the root system architecture, which is essential for the uptake of water, nutrients and plant anchorage. In this study, ZmMADS60 was resequenced in 285 inbred lines, 68 landraces and 32 teosintes to detect the nucleotide diversity and natural variations associated with root length. Nucleotide diversity and neutral tests revealed that ZmMADS60 might be selected in domestication and improvement processes. ZmMADS60 in maize retained only 40.1% and 66.9% of the nucleotide diversity found in teosinte and landrace, respectively. Gene-based association analysis of inbred lines identified nine variants that were significantly associated with primary root length (PRL), lateral root length (LRL), root length between 0 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter (RL005) and total root length (TRL). One single-nucleotide polymorphism SNP1357 with pleiotropic effects was significantly associated with LRL, RL005 and TRL. The frequency of the increased allele T decreased from 68.8% in teosintes to 52.9% and 38.9% in the landrace and inbred lines, respectively. The frequency of the increased allele of another significant SNP723 associated with PRL also decreased during the maize domestication and improvement processes. The results of this study reveal that ZmMADS60 may be involved in the elongation of primary and lateral roots in the seedling stage and that significant variants can be used to develop functional markers to improve root length in maize.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Diversity of the Maize ZmCNR13 Gene and Association With Ear Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Zuo ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
Minyan Zhu ◽  
Rujia Chen ◽  
Enying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Selection Signature ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Maize Ear

The maize (Zea mays L.) ZmCNR13 gene, encoding a protein of fw2.2-like (FWL) family, has been demonstrated to be involved in cell division, expansion, and differentiation. In the present study, the genomic sequences of the ZmCNR13 locus were re-sequenced in 224 inbred lines, 56 landraces and 30 teosintes, and the nucleotide polymorphism and selection signature were estimated. A total of 501 variants, including 415 SNPs and 86 Indels, were detected. Among them, 51 SNPs and 4 Indels were located in the coding regions. Although neutrality tests revealed that this locus had escaped from artificial selection during the process of maize domestication, the population of inbred lines possesses lower nucleotide diversity and decay of linkage disequilibrium. To estimate the association between sequence variants of ZmCNR13 and maize ear characteristics, a total of ten ear-related traits were obtained from the selected inbred lines. Four variants were found to be significantly associated with six ear-related traits. Among them, SNP2305, a non-synonymous mutation in exon 2, was found to be associated with ear weight, ear grain weight, ear diameter and ear row number, and explained 4.59, 4.61, 4.31, and 8.42% of the phenotypic variations, respectively. These results revealed that natural variations of ZmCNR13 might be involved in ear development and can be used in genetic improvement of maize ear-related traits.

Teosinte ligule allele narrows plant architecture and enhances high-density maize yields

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6454) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinge Tian ◽  
Chenglong Wang ◽  
Jinliang Xia ◽  
Lishuan Wu ◽  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Sequence Polymorphism ◽  
High Density ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Base Sequence ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
Maize Domestication

Increased planting densities have boosted maize yields. Upright plant architecture facilitates dense planting. Here, we cloned UPA1 (Upright Plant Architecture1) and UPA2, two quantitative trait loci conferring upright plant architecture. UPA2 is controlled by a two-base sequence polymorphism regulating the expression of a B3-domain transcription factor (ZmRAVL1) located 9.5 kilobases downstream. UPA2 exhibits differential binding by DRL1 (DROOPING LEAF1), and DRL1 physically interacts with LG1 (LIGULELESS1) and represses LG1 activation of ZmRAVL1. ZmRAVL1 regulates brd1 (brassinosteroid C-6 oxidase1), which underlies UPA1, altering endogenous brassinosteroid content and leaf angle. The UPA2 allele that reduces leaf angle originated from teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, and has been lost during maize domestication. Introgressing the wild UPA2 allele into modern hybrids and editing ZmRAVL1 enhance high-density maize yields.

scholarly journals Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Li ◽  
Chenyang Hao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Meiling Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding History ◽  
Selection Of

Selection for Some Functional Markers for Adaptability of Helianthus argophyllus × Helianthus annuus Derived Population under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Helia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (68) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mubashar Hussain ◽  
Maria Kausar ◽  
Saeed Rauf ◽  
M. Farukh Zafar Khan ◽  
Jakub Paderweski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Leaf Hairiness ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAbiotic stresses including drought are major crop production constraints. However, specific functional phenotypic markers induce resistance against these stresses. Therefore, a study was initiated to study the variability, inheritance and selection of epicuticular waxes (EW) and leaf hairiness (LH) along with low cell membrane injuries (CMI) within F2 populations derived by crossing H. annuus×H. argophyllus lines. These traits have been shown to be associated with drought tolerance of Helianthus argophyllus and thus study aims to introgress these traits in Helinathus annuus. The studied parent populations showed contrasting values of the traits. The drought susceptible line CMS-14 and CMS-20 showed lower epicuticular waxes (0.79, 0.69 mg g−1), leaf hairiness (0.75, 1.53) and higher cell membrane injury (40.90, 55.76 %) respectively while drought resistant line Argo 1802 and 1806 showed higher epicuticular waxes (2.28, 3.18), leaf hairiness (3.71, 3.80) and lower cell membrane injury (14.22, 21.54 %) respectively. The F1 hybrids had mean values of the three studied parameters i. e. epicuticular waxes (1.50 mg g−1), cell membrance injury (32.54 %) and leaf hairiness (2.74) in the range of parent lines, but some of F2 individuals extend beyond this range (Parents and F1s). The two-step selections maintained high variability especially of LH for set of F2 individuals (H. annuus CMS-20×H. argophyllus 1806). Simultaneous selection of F2 individuals with high values of LH or EW with low CMI was possible. The selected plants were further studied for narrow leaf, high fertility and silver canopy color. Selected material was promoted as the candidate of inbred line. Plant (F4) having introgressed traits (silver canopy) showed lower yield (19 %) than green leafed plants (53 %) and commercial hybrids under drought stress (63 % and 53 %). The study could help to increase the abiotic stress tolerance, minimize the yield losses under drought stress and increase functional diversity within sunflower.

scholarly journals Association Mapping and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Maize Kernel Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Yanyong Cao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Huiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Association Panel ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
A Genome

Kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness are important traits affecting grain yield and product quality. Here, the genetic architecture of the three kernel size traits was dissected in an association panel of 309 maize inbred lines using four statistical methods. Forty-two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1.72E-05) and 70 genes for the three traits were identified under five environments. One and eight SNPs were co-detected in two environments and by at least two methods, respectively, and they explained 5.87–9.59% of the phenotypic variation. Comparing the transcriptomes of two inbred lines with contrasting seed size, three and eight genes identified in the association panel showed significantly differential expression between the two genotypes at 15 and 39 days after pollination, respectively. Ten and 17 genes identified by a genome-wide association study were significantly differentially expressed between the two development stages in the two genotypes. Combining environment−/method-stable SNPs and differential expression analysis, ribosomal protein L7, jasmonate-regulated gene 21, serine/threonine-protein kinase RUNKEL, AP2-EREBP-transcription factor 16, and Zm00001d035222 (cell wall protein IFF6-like) were important candidate genes for maize kernel size and development.

scholarly journals Селекция лука репчатого с устойчивостью к пероноспорозу

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Monakhos ◽  
S.G. Monakhos ◽  
R.R. Alizhanova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Molecular Genotyping ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Selection Of

На Селекционной станции имени Н.Н. Тимофеева гибридизацией с донором устойчивости к пероноспорозу F1 Santero, беккроссом, инбридингом и отбором на инфекционном фоне с помощью молекулярного маркера DMR1 создано 15 линий лука репчатого гомозиготного по гену устойчивости Pd1. Оценка в однолетней культуре позволила выделить линии с массой луковиц 100120 г с высокой сохранностью, которые могут быть использованы в селекции F1 гибридов в качестве отцовских компонентов.Fifteen homozygous for Pd1 downy mildew resistance gene onion lines were developed by hybridization followed backcrossing F1 Santero of downy mildew resistant onion accession of European origin and a collection of onion inbred lines from LC Breeding station after N.N. Timofeev. The resistant to downy mildew, caused by Peronospora destructor (Berk.), plants were selected in segregated populations based on disease resistance test and molecular genotyping using DMR1marker. The lines with a mass of bulbs 100 120 g with high preservation, which can be used in the selection of F1 hybrids as paternal components.

scholarly journals Higher-precision experimental statistics for the selection of early and upright common bean lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro ◽  
Skarlet De Marco Steckling ◽  
Sandra Maria Maziero ◽  
Greice Rosana Klasener
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
F Test ◽  
Selection Of

The development of early and upright common bean cultivars is necessary to meet the demand of producers. The objectives of this work were to evaluate more precise experimental statistics for the selection of early and upright common bean lines and identify the traits that provide better genetic differentiation between lines. For this purpose, 156 common bean lines of different grain colours were evaluated in 23 experiments carried out in the southern region of Brazil between 1998 and 2015. The traits related to earliness (flowering and cycle) and upright plant architecture (lodging, insertion of the first pod and insertion of the last pod) were evaluated with high experimental precision by determining F-test values for genotype (Fc), heritability (h2), and selective accuracy (SA). In the experiments with Fc ≥ 2.00, h2 ≥ 49.00%, and SA ≥ 0.70, the best genetic differentiation of early common bean lines was performed by the cycle; and the best genetic differentiation of common bean lines with upright plant architecture was carried out by the insertion of the first and the last pod.

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