scholarly journals Cyclic Competition and Percolation in Grouping Predator-Prey Populations

Games ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lütz ◽  
Annette Cazaubiel ◽  
Jeferson Arenzon
Keyword(s):  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Populations

A Technique for Maintaining Acarine Predator-Prey Populations

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Forms ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cheyletus Eruditus ◽  
Prey Populations

Experiments with the growth-forms of acarine predator and prey populations require a constant supply of both species. This note describes a technique used for maintaining large numbers of Tyrophagus castellanii (Hirst) and its predator Melichares dentriticus (Berl.) and of Acarus siro L. and its predator Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank)

Testing interaction in some predator–prey populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sévérien Nkurunziza
Keyword(s):  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Populations

scholarly journals Stability Analysis and Harvesting Effort Predator Prey Populations Model Holling Type III with Maximum Profit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didiharyono D.
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Hurwitz Stability ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Asymptotic Stable ◽  
Prey Populations

In this paper discussed stability analysis and harvesting effort at second predator prey populations model Holling type III with maximum profit. The step this research is to determine the equilibrium point, linearize the model, stability analysis of the equilibrium point, and numerical simulation. Result shows that obtained an interior point T𝐸2∗(𝑁1∗,𝑁2∗) that asymptotic stable based on Hurwitz stability test then obtained maximum profit from exploitation harvesting effort of second predator prey populations. This second populations will always exist, even though exploited with harvesting effort done by humans. Harvesting effort of second predator-prey populations given maximum profit (𝜋𝑚𝑎𝑥) that occur on critical points of surface profit function

Prey consumption in acarine predator-prey populations reared in the greenhouse

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Amblyseius Fallacis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Prey Populations

Two factors, in addition to temperature, could affect the assessment of Amblyseius fallacis as a natural enemy of Tetranychus urticae infesting alfalfa. These are initial prey density and sampling of the predator–prey populations during daylight hours. The influence of these factors was determined by propagating predator–prey populations having different initial prey densities on alfalfa in the greenhouse, recording the subsequent variation in the numbers of the two species during daylight hours, and comparing estimates of the rates at which prey entered and were removed from the populations. A. fallacis was able to reduce prey density before webbing of the alfalfa plants occurred. Prey consumption by the predator populations was judged capable of inducing the observed decline in prey numbers.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Warming and Body Size on the Stability of Predator-Prey Interactions

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kratina ◽  
Benjamin Rosenbaum ◽  
Bruno Gallo ◽  
Elena L. Horas ◽  
Eoin J. O’Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Prey Populations

Environmental temperature and body size are two prominent drivers of predation. Despite the ample evidence of their independent effects, the combined impact of temperature and predator-prey body size ratio on the strength and stability of trophic interactions is not fully understood. We experimentally tested how water temperature alters the functional response and population stability of dragonfly nymphs (Cordulegaster boltonii) feeding on freshwater amphipods (Gammarus pulex) across a gradient of their body size ratios. Attack coefficients were highest for small predators feeding on small prey at low temperatures, but shifted toward the largest predators feeding on larger prey in warmer environments. Handling time appeared to decrease with increasing predator and prey body size in the cold environment, but increase at higher temperatures. These findings indicate interactive effects of temperature and body size on functional responses. There was also a negative effect of warming on the stability of predator and prey populations, but this was counteracted by a larger predator-prey body size ratio at higher temperatures. Here, a greater Hill exponent reduced feeding at low prey densities when predators were much larger than their prey, enhancing the persistence of both predator and prey populations in the warmer environment. These experimental findings provide new mechanistic insights into the destabilizing effect of warming on trophic interactions and the key role of predator-prey body size ratios in mitigating these effects.

scholarly journals Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1785) ◽  
pp. 20140446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Barnier ◽  
Marion Valeix ◽  
Patrick Duncan ◽  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽  
Philippe Barre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Ambush Predator ◽  
African Lion ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Hwange National Park ◽  
Prey Populations

Predators influence prey populations not only through predation itself, but also indirectly through prompting changes in prey behaviour. The behavioural adjustments of prey to predation risk may carry nutritional costs, but this has seldom been studied in the wild in large mammals. Here, we studied the effects of an ambush predator, the African lion ( Panthera leo ), on the diet quality of plains zebras ( Equus quagga ) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. We combined information on movements of both prey and predators, using GPS data, and measurements of faecal crude protein, an index of diet quality in the prey. Zebras which had been in close proximity to lions had a lower quality diet, showing that adjustments in behaviour when lions are within short distance carry nutritional costs. The ultimate fitness cost will depend on the frequency of predator–prey encounters and on whether bottom-up or top-down forces are more important in the prey population. Our finding is the first attempt to our knowledge to assess nutritionally mediated risk effects in a large mammalian prey species under the threat of an ambush predator, and brings support to the hypothesis that the behavioural effects of predation induce important risk effects on prey populations.

scholarly journals Predatory Bacteria Select for Sustained Prey Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2079
Author(s):  
Ramith R. Nair ◽  
Gregory J. Velicer
Keyword(s):  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Diversity ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Diversity Dynamics ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Prey Populations

Predator impacts on prey diversity are often studied among higher organisms over short periods, but microbial predator-prey systems allow examination of prey-diversity dynamics over evolutionary timescales. We previously showed that Escherichia coli commonly evolved minority mucoid phenotypes in response to predation by the bacterial predator Myxococcus xanthus by one time point of a coevolution experiment now named MyxoEE-6. Here we examine mucoid frequencies across several MyxoEE-6 timepoints to discriminate between the hypotheses that mucoids were increasing to fixation, stabilizing around equilibrium frequencies, or heading to loss toward the end of MyxoEE-6. In four focal coevolved prey populations, mucoids rose rapidly early in the experiment and then fluctuated within detectable minority frequency ranges through the end of MyxoEE-6, generating frequency dynamics suggestive of negative frequency-dependent selection. However, a competition experiment between mucoid and non-mucoid clones found a predation-specific advantage of the mucoid clone that was insensitive to frequency over the examined range, leaving the mechanism that maintains minority mucoidy unresolved. The advantage of mucoidy under predation was found to be associated with reduced population size after growth (productivity) in the absence of predators, suggesting a tradeoff between productivity and resistance to predation that we hypothesize may reverse mucoid vs non-mucoid fitness ranks within each MyxoEE-6 cycle. We also found that mucoidy was associated with diverse colony phenotypes and diverse candidate mutations primarily localized in the exopolysaccharide operon yjbEFGH. Collectively, our results show that selection from predatory bacteria can generate apparently stable sympatric phenotypic polymorphisms within coevolving prey populations and also allopatric diversity across populations by selecting for diverse mutations and colony phenotypes associated with mucoidy. More broadly, our results suggest that myxobacterial predation increases long-term diversity within natural microbial communities.

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