scholarly journals Effect of Nanoclay Addition on the Morphology, Fiber Size Distribution and Pore Size of Electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Composite Fibers for Air Filter Applications

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Iman Azarian Borojeni ◽  
Arash Jenab ◽  
Mehdi Sanjari ◽  
Charles Boudreault ◽  
Michael Klinck ◽  
...  

The fabrication of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun layers for air filter applications is the target of this study. Solutions of 10% PVP containing 0, 3, 10 and 25 wt% nanoclay were used to fabricate electrospun fibers. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibers’ roughness increased by increasing the nanoclay content, and it was maximum at the nanoclay concentration of 25 wt%. Concurrently, nanoclay decreased the pore size considerably and increased the range of the fibers’ size distribution up to 100%. In addition, as the nanoclay concentration increased, the frequency distribution decreased abruptly for the larger fiber sizes and increased dramatically for the small fiber sizes. This phenomenon was correlated to the effect of nanoclay concentration on the conductivity of the solution. The solution’s conductivity increased from 1.7 ± 0.05 µS/cm for the PVP solution without nanoclay to 62.7 ± 0.19 µS/cm for the solution containing 25 wt% nanoclay and destabilized the electrospun jet, increasing the range of fiber size distribution. Therefore, the PVP solution containing 25 wt% nanoclay has potential characteristics suitable for air-filter applications, owing to its rougher fibers and combination of fine and thicker fibers.

Author(s):  
Lenin Jose Huerta ◽  
Rebeca Torres Fajardo ◽  
Juan Primera Ferrer

  En este trabajo se investigó la síntesis de xerogeles de sílice por la vía de los atranos, y se evaluó la influencia de la concentración del agente iniciador (HCl) y la presencia o no del surfactante (CTAB), sobre el tiempo de gelificación y las propiedades texturales de los materiales obtenidos. Las caracterizaciones se realizaron mediante: isotermas de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido y calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Los tiempos de gelificación aumentaron en la medida que se disminuyó la concentración del HCl y, en general, los xerogeles preparados presentaron una buena rigidez cuando estos se dejaron a tiempos mayores de 20 horas. La distribución de tamaño de poro (determinada mediante la técnica BJH) para los xerogeles calcinados preparados sin surfactante presentaron un sistema de poro bien definido de 16,4 nm en promedio, mientras los xerogeles calcinados preparados con surfactante no presentaron una distribución de tamaño de poro bien definida, ambos casos mostraron áreas superficiales de alrededor de 580 m2/g. Por calorimetría diferencial de barrido se observaron dos picos para la muestra de xerogel sin surfactante, uno alrededor de 80 °C debido a la evaporación del agua y el otro a 265 °C atribuido a la descomposición de la materia orgánica presente en el gel; para la muestra de xerogel con surfactante se observó un pico bien definido a 130 °C, atribuido a la pérdida del agua. Por microscopía electrónica de barrido, en los xerogeles calcinados se observaron poros con tamaños alrededor de los 15 nm.   Palabra clave: Xerogel, atrano, surfactante, sílice, gelificación.   Abstract In this work, the synthesis of silica xerogels by the atrane way was investigated, evaluating: concentration influence of the initiating agent (HCl) and the presence or not of the surfactant (CTAB), over gelation time, and the textural properties of the obtained materials. Characterizations were carried out by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Gelation times increased as the HCl concentration decreased, and, in general, xerogels prepared presented good rigidity when they were aging for times greater than 20 hours. Pore size distribution (determined by the BJH technique) for the calcined xerogels prepared without surfactant presented a well-defined pore system of 16.4 nm on average, while the calcined xerogels prepared with surfactant did not present a well-defined pore size distribution, both cases showed surface areas of around 580 m2/g. In differential scanning calorimetry, two peaks were observed for the xerogel sample without surfactant, one around 80 °C due to water evaporation, and the other one at 265 °C attributed to the decomposition of organic matter present in the gel; for the surfactant xerogel sample, a well-defined peak was observed at 130 °C, attributed to the loss of water. By scanning electron microscopy, pores with sizes around 15 nm in calcined xerogels were observed.   Keywords: Xerogel, atrane, surfactant, silica, gelation.  


1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1544-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Negrini ◽  
S. Mukenge ◽  
M. Del Fabbro ◽  
C. Gonano ◽  
G. Miserocchi

In seven anesthetized rabbits we measured the size, shape, and density of lymphatic stomata on the peritoneal and pleural sides of the diaphragm. The diaphragm was fixed in situ and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Results are from 2,902 peritoneal and 3,086 pleural fields (each 1,620 microns 2) randomly chosen from the various specimens. Stomata were seen in 9% of the fields examined, and in 30% of the cases they appeared grouped in clusters with 2-14 stomata/field. Stoma density was 250 +/- 242 and 72 +/- 57 (SD) stomata/mm2 on peritoneal and pleural sides, respectively, and it was similar over the muscular and tendinous portion of the two surfaces. The maximum diameter ranged from less than 1 to approximately 30 microns, with an average value of 1.2 +/- 3.1 micron. The ratio of the maximum to the minimum diameter and the surface area averaged 2 +/- 1.4 and 0.7 +/- 2.4 micron 2, respectively. The maximum and minimum diameter and surface area values followed a lognormal frequency distribution, suggesting that stomata geometry is affected by diaphragmatic tension.


2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yi Liu ◽  
Cong Xu ◽  
Wen Long Xiao ◽  
Mao Wen Liu ◽  
Jian Bin Zhang ◽  
...  

Morphology evolution of eutectic Si in Ce-rich mischmetal (RE) modified Al-10wt.%Si alloy at different cooling rates was investigated. The morphology of eutectic Si and modification mechanism of RE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the RE modified eutectic Si exhibited a plate-like morphology under the low cooling rate (~100K/s). When cooling rate increased to ~600K/s, some branches were observed on the eutectic Si. In the RE modified alloy with a higher cooling rate (~1000K/s), the number of the branches on RE modified eutectic Si increased, and the morphology of eutectic S was modified to coral-like structure. The addition of Sr caused a flake-to-fiber modification of eutectic Si at low cooling rate, and the fiber size decreased with cooling rate increasing. The morphological observations indicated that the morphology of eutectic Si in RE modified alloy was significantly influenced by the cooling rate, while the modification efficiency of RE was lower than that of Sr.


2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Dar ◽  
S.G. Ansari ◽  
Rizwan Wahab ◽  
Young Soon Kim ◽  
Hyung Shik Shin

Maghemite and hematite nanospheres were synthesized by using the Sol-gel technique. The structural properties of these nanosphere powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),and pore size distribution.Hematite phase shows crystalline structures.The mean particle size that resulted from BET and XRD analyses were 4.9 nm and 2 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy shows iron-oxide powder is composed of nanosized particles, but in nanosized aggregates (agglomeration of particles). It can be seen from transmission electron microscopy that the size of the particles are very small which is in good agreement with the FESEM and the Xray diffraction. TEM and FESEM confirmed that the iron-oxide powder is composed of sizes from 8 nm to 10 nm. The BET and pore size method were employed for specific surface area determination.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Ramachandra ◽  
Abdulla Abdal-hay ◽  
Pingping Han ◽  
Ryan Lee ◽  
Saso Ivanovski

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Biofilms are 3-dimensional (3D) aggregates of microorganisms that are associated with a wide range of diseases. Although there have been several studies investigating biofilm formation on two-dimensional substrates, the use of 3D substrates may result in more representative and clinically relevant models. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the growth of biofilms in the 3D substrates against biofilms grown in 2D substrates.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Two grams of medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) were loaded into a plastic Luer-lock 3 ml syringe and a 23G needle was used as a spinneret. The syringe was placed in a melt electro-writing (MEW) device to obtain fine fibers under controlled parameters. The 3-dimensional MEW PCL scaffolds were manufactured and characterised with an overall thickness of ~ 0.8 mm, with ~ 15 μm diameter fibers and ordered pore sizes of either 100 or 250 µm. PCL films employed as 2D substrates were manufactured by dissolving 10 gms of PCL in 100 ml chloroform and stirred for 3 h to obtain a transparent solution. Then, the solution was cast in glass petri dishes and dried to remove all organic solvents. In addition, commercial hydroxyapatite discs were also used as 2D controls. Unstimulated saliva from six healthy donors (gingival health) were used to grow biofilms. The formed biofilms were assessed at day 4, day 7 and day 10 using crystal violet assay, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and next-generation 16s sequencing.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results demonstrates that 3D PCL scaffolds dramatically enhanced biofilm biomass and thickness growth compared to that of the 2D controls. Confocal microscopy of biofilms at day 4 stained with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide showed thickness of biofilms in 2D substrates were 39 µm and 81µm for hydroxyapatite discs and PCL films, respectively. Biofilms in 3D substrates were 250 µm and 338 µm for MEW PCL 100µm pore size and MEW PCL 250 µm pore size, respectively. Similar results were noticed at day 7 and day 10. Scanning electron microscopy showed biofilm bridges formed over the fibers of the MEW scaffolds. Pilot trials of next generation sequencing detected similar taxa in biofilms formed in 3D scaffolds compared to that of 2D substrates.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> We have successfully investigated a 3D biofilm growth model using 3D medical grade PCL scaffolds. Thicker biofilms can be conveniently grown using this inexpensive static model. This will facilitate 3D microbial community studies that are more clinically relevant and improve our understanding of biofilm-associated disease processes.</p> <p> </p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document