scholarly journals Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene Composites against Basidiomycetes According to EN 15534-1: New Insights on the Test Procedure, Structural Alterations, and Impact of Wood Source

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Kim Christian Krause ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Tim Koddenberg ◽  
Andreas Buschalsky ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Molded Wood

In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.

scholarly journals What Happens to Wood after a Tree Is Attacked by a Bark Beetle?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Štěpán Hýsek ◽  
Radim Löwe ◽  
Marek Turčáni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Decay Fungi

Advancing climate change is affecting the health and vitality of forests in many parts of the world. Europe is currently facing spruce bark beetle outbreaks, which are most often caused by wind disturbances, hot summers, or lack of rainfall and are having a massive economic impact on the forestry sector. The aim of this research article was to summarize current scientific knowledge about the structure and physical and mechanical properties of wood from bark beetle-attacked trees. Spruce stands are attacked by a number of beetles, of which Ips typographus is the most common and widespread in Central Europe. When attacking a tree, bark beetles introduce ophiostomatoid fungi into the tree, which then have a greater effect on the properties of the wood than the beetles themselves. Fungal hyphae grow through the lumina of wood cells and spread between individual cells through pits. Both white rot and brown rot fungi are associated with enzymatic degradation of lignin or holocellulose, which is subsequently reflected in the change of the physical and mechanical properties of wood. Wood-decay fungi that colonize wood after infestation of a tree with bark beetles can cause significant changes in the structure and properties of the wood, and these changes are predominantly negative, in the form of reducing modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, discolouration, or, over time, weight loss. In certain specific examples, a reduction in energy consumption for the production of wood particles from beetle-attacked trees, or an increase in surface free energy due to wood infestation by staining fungi in order to achieve better adhesion of paints or glues, can be evaluated positively.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

Physical and mechanical properties of injection-molded wood powder thermoplastic composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Yuqiu Yang ◽  
Masuo Murakami ◽  
Manabu Nomura ◽  
Hiroyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Molded Wood

scholarly journals Effect of Wood-Fiber Geometry Size on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Fiber from Neolamarckia Cadamba Species Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Amran Shafie ◽  
Ahmad Mohd Yunus AG. ◽  
Mahani Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Particle Geometry

Using natural wood-fiber as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics is gaining momentum due to its high specific properties and renewable resources. In this study, the effect of wood particle geometry size on mechanical properties of thermoplastics composite was investigated. The wood species that has been chosen is Kelempayan species (Neolamarckia cadamba) and reinforced with polypropylene using fiber geometry size of 75 and 250 ?m. Thermoplastic composites were produced from two types of ratio (30:70 and 10:90) between wood-fiber and polypropylene. Static bending and tensile strength were tested. The result showed that wood-fiber from 75 ?m geometry sizes with ratio of 30:70 between wood-fiber and polypropylene was most suitable in producing thermoplastic composites. The geometry sizes of wood particle as well as the ratio between wood-fiber and polypropylene were found to influence the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic composites.

scholarly journals The effect of fiber length distribution of fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites injection-molded on the mechanical properties

Seikei-Kakou ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Issei Harima ◽  
Hiroaki Yamada ◽  
Nobuyoshi Kajioka ◽  
Yuki Takagaki ◽  
Kazuhisa Tou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Fiber Length Distribution ◽  
Injection Molded

Micro-structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of injection-molded glass fiber/nanoclay/polypropylene composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normasmira Abd. Rahman ◽  
Aziz Hassan ◽  
Rosiyah Yahya ◽  
R.A. Lafia-Araga ◽  
Peter R. Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Injection Molded
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