scholarly journals Security Challenges of Location Privacy in VANETs and State-of-the-Art Solutions: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Shawal Khan ◽  
Ishita Sharma ◽  
Mazzamal Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Khan ◽  
Shahzad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Information Event ◽  
Location Privacy Protection ◽  
Smart Traffic

A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) comprises a group of moving or stationary vehicles connected by a wireless network. VANETs play a vital role in providing safety and comfort to drivers in vehicular environments. They provide smart traffic control and real-time information, event allocation. VANETs have received attention in support of safe driving, intelligent navigation, emergency and entertainment applications in vehicles. Nevertheless, these increasingly linked vehicles pose a range of new safety and security risks to both the host and its associated properties and may even have fatal consequences. Violations of national privacy and vehicle identities are a major obstacle to introducing forced contact protocols in vehicles. Location privacy refers to the privacy of the vehicle (driver) and the location of the vehicle. Whenever a vehicle sends a message, no one but authorized entities should know their real identity and location of the vehicle. All the messages sent by the vehicle must be authenticated before processing, hence location privacy is an important design aspect to be considered in VANETs operations. The novelty of this paper is that it specifically reviews location privacy in VANETs in terms of operational and safety concerns. Furthermore, it presents a critical analysis of various attacks, identity thefts, manipulation and other techniques in vogue for location privacy protection available in state-of-the-art solutions for VANETs. The efforts in this paper will help researchers to develop a great breadth of understanding pertaining to location privacy issues and various security threats encountered by VANETs and present the critical analysis of the available state-of-the- art solutions to maintain location privacy in VANETs.

A Group Leader Location Hiding Technique for VANETs

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Shaker Aljallad ◽  
Raad S. Al-Qassas ◽  
Malik Qasaimeh
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Location Privacy Protection

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is one of the most promising and emerging communication technologies that could definitely lead to significant improvements in the traffic management and safety. Location privacy is a critical requirement in VANET, since location information may be shared between vehicles to support the VANET applications. Therefore, it is crucial to protect the location of users. In this paper, we propose a location privacy protection technique that utilises the shadow concept and takes into consideration the reliability in protecting the group leader location, which would basically provide the needed anonymity and protection for the location information targeted by global adversaries. The performance of the proposed technique has been investigated through simulation and compared against the well-known AOSA technique. The results from extensive simulations have shown that the proposed technique enhances the anonymity of the group leader vehicle by reducing the time that the global adversaries can use in collecting location information.

Smart Vehicles for Traffic Management and Systems Using Cloud Computing

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Ashish Thomas ◽  
Gaurav Singal ◽  
Riti Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Stationary Objects ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Smart Traffic

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is the network of mobile devices as well as stationary objects that can communicate with each other. This technology comprises of both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) data transmission links. At present, vehicular mobility framework has a lot of limitations, which includes lack of real-time operations, frequent disconnects due to dynamic-restricted topology, tracking vehicle that break rules, lane-changes, exceed speed-limit, etc. These characteristics call for a new type of high class of protocol. This chapter presents a survey report on “smart traffic control” system that incorporates traffic-related parameters to further augment the control and management of vehicular movements on the roadways. This can support efficient management of traffic in the city, and cops can communicate with each other, get real-time, accurate, status update of the traffic, track the vehicular movements, etc. In addition, jam control mechanism can be placed on heavy traffic days to optimize the routes. This system introduces artificial intelligence (AI) that can optimize deployed of cops and find alternate routes for the driver to reach the destination address without much fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Multi-Stage Conversational Passage Retrieval: An Approach to Fusing Term Importance Estimation and Neural Query Rewriting

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Jheng-Hong Yang ◽  
Rodrigo Nogueira ◽  
Ming-Feng Tsai ◽  
Chuan-Ju Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Query Rewriting ◽  
Query Reformulation ◽  
Passage Retrieval ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Natural Language Dialogue ◽  
Reciprocal Rank

Conversational search plays a vital role in conversational information seeking. As queries in information seeking dialogues are ambiguous for traditional ad hoc information retrieval (IR) systems due to the coreference and omission resolution problems inherent in natural language dialogue, resolving these ambiguities is crucial. In this article, we tackle conversational passage retrieval, an important component of conversational search, by addressing query ambiguities with query reformulation integrated into a multi-stage ad hoc IR system. Specifically, we propose two conversational query reformulation (CQR) methods: (1) term importance estimation and (2) neural query rewriting. For the former, we expand conversational queries using important terms extracted from the conversational context with frequency-based signals. For the latter, we reformulate conversational queries into natural, stand-alone, human-understandable queries with a pretrained sequence-to-sequence model. Detailed analyses of the two CQR methods are provided quantitatively and qualitatively, explaining their advantages, disadvantages, and distinct behaviors. Moreover, to leverage the strengths of both CQR methods, we propose combining their output with reciprocal rank fusion, yielding state-of-the-art retrieval effectiveness, 30% improvement in terms of NDCG@3 compared to the best submission of Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Conversational Assistant Track (CAsT) 2019.

scholarly journals SmartCop: Enabling Smart Traffic Violations Ticketing in Vehicular Named Data Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Azfar Yaqub ◽  
Safdar Hussain Bouk ◽  
Dongkyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Traffic Violation ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Smart Traffic

Recently, various applications for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have been proposed and smart traffic violation ticketing is one of them. On the other hand, the new Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures have emerged and been investigated into VANETs, such as Vehicular Named Data Networking (VNDN). However, the existing applications in VANETs are not suitable for VNDN paradigm due to the dependency on a“named content”instead of a current“host-centric”approach. Thus, we need to design the emerging and new architectures for VNDN applications. In this paper, we propose a smart traffic violation ticketing (TVT) system for VNDN, named asSmartCop, that enables a cop vehicle (CV) to issue tickets for traffic violation(s) to the offender(s) autonomously, once they are in the transmission range of that CV. The ticket issuing delay, messaging cost, and percentage of violations detected for varying number of vehicles, violators, CVs, and vehicles speeds are estimated through simulations. In addition, we provide a road map of future research directions for enabling safe driving experience in future cars aided with VNDN technology.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art methods and devices for generation, exposure, and collection of aerosols from e-vapor products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732097975
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Didier Goedertier ◽  
Julia Hoeng ◽  
Anita Iskandar ◽  
Arkadiusz K Kuczaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Aerosol Generation

E-vapor products (EVP) have become popular alternatives for cigarette smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. EVP research is challenging and complex, mostly because of the numerous and rapidly evolving technologies and designs as well as the multiplicity of e-liquid flavors and solvents available on the market. There is an urgent need to standardize all stages of EVP assessment, from the production of a reference product to e-vapor generation methods and from physicochemical characterization methods to nonclinical and clinical exposure studies. The objective of this review is to provide a detailed description of selected experimental setups and methods for EVP aerosol generation and collection and exposure systems for their in vitro and in vivo assessment. The focus is on the specificities of the product that constitute challenges and require development of ad hoc assessment frameworks, equipment, and methods. In so doing, this review aims to support further studies, objective evaluation, comparison, and verification of existing evidence, and, ultimately, formulation of standardized methods for testing EVPs.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Smart Road-Pricing System with Trustworthiness Evaluation in VANETs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3658
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Zhu ◽  
Sai Ji ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
Yongjun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Control Center

With the advanced development of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc networks have been observed as an excellent technology for the development of intelligent traffic management in smart cities. Recently, researchers and industries have paid great attention to the smart road-tolling system. However, it is still a challenging task to ensure geographical location privacy of vehicles and prevent improper behavior of drivers at the same time. In this paper, a reliable road-tolling system with trustworthiness evaluation is proposed, which guarantees that vehicle location privacy is secure and prevents malicious vehicles from tolling violations at the same time. Vehicle route privacy information is encrypted and uploaded to nearby roadside units, which then forward it to the traffic control center for tolling. The traffic control center can compare data collected by roadside units and video surveillance cameras to analyze whether malicious vehicles have behaved incorrectly. Moreover, a trustworthiness evaluation is applied to comprehensively evaluate the multiple attributes of the vehicle to prevent improper behavior. Finally, security analysis and experimental simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better robustness compared with existing approaches.

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