scholarly journals Bioleaching of Sorghum Straw in Bioreactors for Biomass Cleaning

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Terry Walker ◽  
Bryan Jenkins ◽  
Stanley Anderson ◽  
Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
Residual Ash ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Pretreatments are often needed for lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks before either thermochemical or biochemical conversion processes. Our previous research has demonstrated the potential of bioleaching, with its superior capability of removing certain inorganic compounds compared to water leaching, to improve biomass quality for thermochemical conversion in biofuel production. In this study, the bioleaching process was scaled up from 250 mL beakers to be carried out in custom-designed 2.5 L bioreactors. The fungus Aspergillus niger was used in the bioreactors for leaching sorghum straw biomass with an initial ash content of 6.0%. The effects of three operating parameters on leaching efficiency (i.e., residual ash content) were extensively studied, including the fungal mass added to each reactor, leaching time, and glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the experiment design. The results showed that the average residual ash content of the sorghum feedstock after bioleaching was significantly lower (3.63 ± 0.19%) than that of the ash content (4.72 ± 0.13%) after water leaching (p < 0.00001). Among the three parameters, glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase had the most significant effect on leaching effectiveness (p = 0.0079). Based on this outcome, subsequent bioleaching experiments yielded reductions in residual ash content to as low as 2.73%.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PROPERTIES OF COARSE-ENERGY PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živilė ČERNIAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Egidijus ZVICEVIČIUS ◽  
Algirdas RAILA ◽  
Vita TILVIKIENĖ ◽  
Zofija JANKAUSKIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Energy Plants

In the world, fossil fuel resources are constantly decreasing and increasing energy use. This leads to wider use of biomass in various industrial areas. Also, for the production of heat and electricity. Depending on the situation of current market, much attention is being paid to increasing the potential of biomass and to ensure the needs of users. Recently, much attention is paid to non-food energy plants, which could be used in thermochemical conversion technologies. These plants must be well adapted to climatic conditions, to grow a high biomass yield, to possess high energy value, easy to use for biofuel production and low environmental impact. Having a high energy potential and promising plants for cultivation in a changing climate conditions can be characterized and these plants: this is Miscantus spp. (namely miscanthus), Artemisia dubia Wall. (mugwort) and Cannabis sativa L. (fiber hemp). The article summarizes long-standing biometric and thermal performance results on Miscantus spp. (namely miscanthus), Artemisia dubia Wall. (mugwort) and Cannabis sativa L. (fiber hemp). In Lithuania climate condition, it is possible to grow from 3.26 to 17.06 t ha-1 of dry biomass per year from the mentioned plants. The calorific value of biomass has a huge influence on assessment of energy potential from plants. After combustion of 1 kilogram of Miscantus spp., Artemisia dubia Wall. and Cannabis sativa L. biomass it stands out on average 18.3±0.06, 18.5±0.66 and 17.43±0.06 MJ of heat, respectively. An equally important property which assesses the suitability of biomass for biofuels is ash content. The average ash content of biomass from Miscantus spp. and Artemisia dubia Wall was 1.51±0.03 % and 2.69±0.33 %, i.e. 2.22 times and 1.25 times lower than Cannabis sativa L.

scholarly journals Computation of liquid-liquid equilibria and phase stabilities: implications for RH-dependent gas/particle partitioning of organic-inorganic aerosols

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7795-7820 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zuend ◽  
C. Marcolli ◽  
T. Peter ◽  
J. H. Seinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Inorganic Aerosols ◽  
Particulate Mass ◽  
Inorganic Aerosol ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Abstract. Semivolatile organic and inorganic aerosol species partition between the gas and aerosol particle phases to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium. Liquid-liquid phase separation into an organic-rich and an aqueous electrolyte phase can occur in the aerosol as a result of the salting-out effect. Such liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) affect the gas/particle partitioning of the different semivolatile compounds and might significantly alter both particle mass and composition as compared to a one-phase particle. We present a new liquid-liquid equilibrium and gas/particle partitioning model, using as a basis the group-contribution model AIOMFAC (Zuend et al., 2008). This model allows the reliable computation of the liquid-liquid coexistence curve (binodal), corresponding tie-lines, the limit of stability/metastability (spinodal), and further thermodynamic properties of multicomponent systems. Calculations for ternary and multicomponent alcohol/polyol-water-salt mixtures suggest that LLE are a prevalent feature of organic-inorganic aerosol systems. A six-component polyol-water-ammonium sulphate system is used to simulate effects of relative humidity (RH) and the presence of liquid-liquid phase separation on the gas/particle partitioning. RH, salt concentration, and hydrophilicity (water-solubility) are identified as key features in defining the region of a miscibility gap and govern the extent to which compound partitioning is affected by changes in RH. The model predicts that liquid-liquid phase separation can lead to either an increase or decrease in total particulate mass, depending on the overall composition of a system and the particle water content, which is related to the hydrophilicity of the different organic and inorganic compounds. Neglecting non-ideality and liquid-liquid phase separations by assuming an ideal mixture leads to an overestimation of the total particulate mass by up to 30% for the composition and RH range considered in the six-component system simulation. For simplified partitioning parametrizations, we suggest a modified definition of the effective saturation concentration, Cj*, by including water and other inorganics in the absorbing phase. Such a Cj* definition reduces the RH-dependency of the gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organics in organic-inorganic aerosols by an order of magnitude as compared to the currently accepted definition, which considers the organic species only.

scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Distribution and Characteristics of Anaerobic Sludge

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Combustible Gases

Pyrolysis of anaerobically digested sludge can serve as an efficient biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis produces products like char, bio-oil, and combustible gases by thermochemical conversion process. It can be used for sludge treatment that decreases sludge disposal problems. Sludge produced from anaerobic co-digestion (microalgae, cow dung, and paper) waste has high carbon and hydrogen content. We investigated the candidacy of the anaerobic sludge having high heating value (HHV) of 20.53 MJ/kg as a reliable biomass for biofuels production. The process of pyrolysis was optimized with different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce high quantity and improved quality of the products, mainly bio-oil, char, and gas. The results revealed that with the increase in pyrolysis temperature the quantity of char decreased (81% to 55%), bio-oil increased (3% to 7%), and gas increased (2% to 5%). The HHV of char (19.2 MJ/kg), bio-oil (28.1 MJ/kg), and gas (18.1 MJ/kg) were predominantly affected by the amount of fixed carbon, hydrocarbons, and volatile substance, respectively. The study confirmed that the anaerobic sludge is a promising biomass for biofuel production and pyrolysis is an efficient method for its safe disposal.

Thermochemical Conversion of Black Liquor in the Liquid Phase

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Alen ◽  
Paterson McKeough ◽  
Anja Oasmaa ◽  
Allan Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion

scholarly journals Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass for biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 990-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Raheem ◽  
W.A.K.G. Wan Azlina ◽  
Y.H. Taufiq Yap ◽  
Michael K. Danquah ◽  
Razif Harun
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Microalgal Biomass

scholarly journals Biomass, lipid accumulation kinetics and the transcriptome of heterotrophic oleaginous microalga Tetradesmus bernardii under different carbon and nitrogen regime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyan Gao ◽  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Luodong Huang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yuming Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Time Resolved

Abstract Background: Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has been proposed as a viable alternative method for novel high-value biomolecules, enriched biomass and biofuel production because of their allowance of high cell density levels, as well as simple production technology. Tetradesmus bernardii, a newly isolated high-yielding oleaginous microalga under photoautotrophic conditions, is able to grow heterotrophically, meaning that it can consume organic carbon sources in dark condition. We investigated the effect of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the growth and lipid accumulation of T. bernardii in heterotrophic batch culture under two nitrogen sources (NaNO3, CO(NH2)2). In addition, we conducted time-resolved transcriptome analysis to reveal the metabolic mechanism of T. bernardii in heterotrophic culture. Results: T. bernardii can accumulated high biomass concentrations in heterotrophic batch culture which the highest biomass of 46.09 g/L was achieved at 100 g/L glucose concentration. The rate of glucose to biomass was exceed 55% when the glucose concentration was less than 80 g/L, and the C/N ratio was 44 at urea treatment. The culture was beneficial to lipid accumulation at a C/N ratio between 110 and 130. NaNO3 used as a nitrogen source enhanced the lipid content more than urea, and the highest lipid content was 45% of dry weight. We performed RNA-seq to analyze the time-resolved transcriptome of T. bernardii. As the nitrogen was consumed in the medium, nitrogen metabolism related genes were significantly up-regulated to speed up the N metabolic cycle. As chloroplasts were destroyed in the dark, the metabolism of cells was transferred from chloroplasts to cytoplasm. However, storage of carbohydrate in chloroplast remained active, mainly the synthesis of starch, and the precursor of starch synthesis in heterotrophic culture may largely came from the absorption of organic carbon source (glucose). With regard to lipid metabolism, the related genes of fatty acid synthesis in low nitrogen concentration increased gradually with the extension of cultivation time.Conclusion: T. bernardii exhibited rapid growth and high lipid accumulation in heterotrophic culture. It may be a potential candidate for biomass and biofuel production. Transcriptome analysis showed that multilevel regulation ensured the conversion from carbon to the synthesis of carbohydrate and lipid.

Biofuel Production from Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Animal Manure and Biomass

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung S Ro ◽  
Keri B Cantrell ◽  
Patrick G Hunt ◽  
Thomas F Ducey ◽  
Sheena M Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Manure ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion
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