Biofuel Production from Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Animal Manure and Biomass

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung S Ro ◽  
Keri B Cantrell ◽  
Patrick G Hunt ◽  
Thomas F Ducey ◽  
Sheena M Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Manure ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion

scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Distribution and Characteristics of Anaerobic Sludge

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Combustible Gases

Pyrolysis of anaerobically digested sludge can serve as an efficient biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis produces products like char, bio-oil, and combustible gases by thermochemical conversion process. It can be used for sludge treatment that decreases sludge disposal problems. Sludge produced from anaerobic co-digestion (microalgae, cow dung, and paper) waste has high carbon and hydrogen content. We investigated the candidacy of the anaerobic sludge having high heating value (HHV) of 20.53 MJ/kg as a reliable biomass for biofuels production. The process of pyrolysis was optimized with different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce high quantity and improved quality of the products, mainly bio-oil, char, and gas. The results revealed that with the increase in pyrolysis temperature the quantity of char decreased (81% to 55%), bio-oil increased (3% to 7%), and gas increased (2% to 5%). The HHV of char (19.2 MJ/kg), bio-oil (28.1 MJ/kg), and gas (18.1 MJ/kg) were predominantly affected by the amount of fixed carbon, hydrocarbons, and volatile substance, respectively. The study confirmed that the anaerobic sludge is a promising biomass for biofuel production and pyrolysis is an efficient method for its safe disposal.

scholarly journals Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass for biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 990-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Raheem ◽  
W.A.K.G. Wan Azlina ◽  
Y.H. Taufiq Yap ◽  
Michael K. Danquah ◽  
Razif Harun
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Microalgal Biomass

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PROPERTIES OF COARSE-ENERGY PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živilė ČERNIAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Egidijus ZVICEVIČIUS ◽  
Algirdas RAILA ◽  
Vita TILVIKIENĖ ◽  
Zofija JANKAUSKIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Energy Plants

In the world, fossil fuel resources are constantly decreasing and increasing energy use. This leads to wider use of biomass in various industrial areas. Also, for the production of heat and electricity. Depending on the situation of current market, much attention is being paid to increasing the potential of biomass and to ensure the needs of users. Recently, much attention is paid to non-food energy plants, which could be used in thermochemical conversion technologies. These plants must be well adapted to climatic conditions, to grow a high biomass yield, to possess high energy value, easy to use for biofuel production and low environmental impact. Having a high energy potential and promising plants for cultivation in a changing climate conditions can be characterized and these plants: this is Miscantus spp. (namely miscanthus), Artemisia dubia Wall. (mugwort) and Cannabis sativa L. (fiber hemp). The article summarizes long-standing biometric and thermal performance results on Miscantus spp. (namely miscanthus), Artemisia dubia Wall. (mugwort) and Cannabis sativa L. (fiber hemp). In Lithuania climate condition, it is possible to grow from 3.26 to 17.06 t ha-1 of dry biomass per year from the mentioned plants. The calorific value of biomass has a huge influence on assessment of energy potential from plants. After combustion of 1 kilogram of Miscantus spp., Artemisia dubia Wall. and Cannabis sativa L. biomass it stands out on average 18.3±0.06, 18.5±0.66 and 17.43±0.06 MJ of heat, respectively. An equally important property which assesses the suitability of biomass for biofuels is ash content. The average ash content of biomass from Miscantus spp. and Artemisia dubia Wall was 1.51±0.03 % and 2.69±0.33 %, i.e. 2.22 times and 1.25 times lower than Cannabis sativa L.

Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The One

Abstract Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.

scholarly journals Bioleaching of Sorghum Straw in Bioreactors for Biomass Cleaning

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Terry Walker ◽  
Bryan Jenkins ◽  
Stanley Anderson ◽  
Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
Residual Ash ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Pretreatments are often needed for lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks before either thermochemical or biochemical conversion processes. Our previous research has demonstrated the potential of bioleaching, with its superior capability of removing certain inorganic compounds compared to water leaching, to improve biomass quality for thermochemical conversion in biofuel production. In this study, the bioleaching process was scaled up from 250 mL beakers to be carried out in custom-designed 2.5 L bioreactors. The fungus Aspergillus niger was used in the bioreactors for leaching sorghum straw biomass with an initial ash content of 6.0%. The effects of three operating parameters on leaching efficiency (i.e., residual ash content) were extensively studied, including the fungal mass added to each reactor, leaching time, and glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the experiment design. The results showed that the average residual ash content of the sorghum feedstock after bioleaching was significantly lower (3.63 ± 0.19%) than that of the ash content (4.72 ± 0.13%) after water leaching (p < 0.00001). Among the three parameters, glucose concentration in the starting liquid phase had the most significant effect on leaching effectiveness (p = 0.0079). Based on this outcome, subsequent bioleaching experiments yielded reductions in residual ash content to as low as 2.73%.

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