scholarly journals Valorization of Value-Added Resources from the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine-Raising Manure for Circular Economy in Taiwan

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Yu-Ru Lee ◽  
Wen-Tien Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
The Status

Due to the benefits of mitigating greenhouse gas emission and upgrading farmland fertilization, the valorization of liquor and biogas digestate from the anaerobic digestion of swine manure has attracted much attention in recent years. This article is based on the updated data/information from the official websites for summarizing the status of the swine-raising industry and innovative manure management, relevant sustainable development indicators, and inter-ministry promotion regulations in Taiwan. The survey findings revealed that the carbon dioxide emission reduction in 2019 was equivalent to about 36,000 metric tons based on a total of 2.35 million metric tons liquor and biogas digestate applied and 2 million swine heads for the biogas-to-power. Obviously, the regulatory measures by the Council of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Administration, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs have provided economic and financial supports towards the reduction of 67.39 × 103 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030. Using the principles of biorefinery and zero-waste, the integration of anaerobic digestion, by-products (liquor and digestate), and biogas-to-power for treating swine manure is a win-win-win option for environmental, energy, and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Regulatory Promotion and Benefit Analysis of Biogas-Power and Biogas-Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion in Taiwan’s Livestock Industry

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Tien Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Methane Reduction

The objectives of this paper were to summarize the status of the livestock (pig and cattle) industry and its waste management in Taiwan. The Water Pollution Control Act authorized the reuse of liquor and digestate from anaerobic digestion (AD) as fertilizers for agricultural lands on 24 November 2015. A large number of official databases and literature have been surveyed and analyzed to address the characterization of the biogas (AD-based) digestate and the potential benefits of biogas-to-power in Taiwan. On the promulgation of the Act, the central ministries have jointly managed the applications of livestock farms for reusing the AD-based liquor and digestate as fertilizers for farmlands. The survey findings revealed that the biogas digestate from a pig farm in Taiwan contained significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other soil nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. However, it is necessary to control zinc present in the biogas digestate from pig-raising farms. A preliminary analysis based on 123 large-scale pig farms with a total of 1,223,674 heads showed the annual benefits of methane reduction of 6.1 Gg, electricity generation of 3.7 × 107 kW-h, equivalent electricity charge saving of 4.0 × 106 US$, and equivalent carbon dioxide mitigation of 152.5 thousand tons (Gg). Obviously, the integration of AD and biogas-to-power for treating animal manure is a win-win option for livestock farms to gain environmental, energy, and economic benefits.

The Effect of Mixing Coal with Biomass in Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Burning fossil fuel like coal in power plants released carbon dioxide that had been absorbed millions of years ago. Unfortunately, excessive carbon dioxide emission had led to global warming. Malaysia, as one of the major exporters of palm oil, has abundant oil palm mill residues that could be converted into value-added product like biomass fuel briquettes. Fuel briquette with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as its main ingredients showed satisfactory fuel characteristics and mechanical properties as a pure biomass fuel briquette. The effects of adding some coal of higher calorific value to the satisfactory biomass fuel briquette were focused in this study. Various coal-biomass fuel blends were used, ranging from 0wt% coal to 50wt% coal. The fuel properties and mechanical properties of pure biomass briquette and briquettes with different amount of coal added were compared experimentally. From the fuel properties tests, it was found that as the coal content in the briquette was increased, the carbon content and calorific value increased. Mechanical property tests on the fuel briquettes showed a mixture of results, with some favored higher portion of coal in the briquette for better handling, transport and storage properties while some favored greater amount of biomass.

scholarly journals ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Daiva Makutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Sustainable Carbon Negative Eco-Industrial Parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Abraham ◽  
Farah Ramadan ◽  
Dhabia M. Al-Mohannadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
And Storage

Growing climate change concerns in recent years have led to an increased need for carbon dioxide emission reduction. This can be achieved by implementing the concept of circular economy, which promotes the practice of resource conservation, emission minimization, and the maintenance of sustainable revenue streams. A considerable amount of carbon dioxide emissions is a consequence of stationary sources from industrial processes. These emissions can be reduced using carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) or reduced at source by using emission free renewable resources. The method developed within this work uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to design sustainable clusters that convert seawater (including waste brine), air, and waste carbon dioxide emissions to value-added products with sunlight as the main energy source. In this way, circular economy is employed to minimize fresh resource consumption and maximize material reuse. The potential of this work is demonstrated through a case study, which shows that an industrial park may be profitable while adhering to strict emission and material constraints.

Experimental Investigations on the Characteristics of Biomass and Coal-Biomass Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris ◽  
Hussain Hamoud Al-Kayiem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Value Added Products

Combustion of coal, a fossil fuel, in power plant, is a major source of carbon dioxide emission, a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Malaysia is one of the major exporters of palm oil and has 421 palm oil mills operating in 2010. Some of the residues from these mills like palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre were converted into value-added products. An optimum biomass fuel briquette was obtained with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as the major ingredients. Co-firing coal with biomass is a possible approach for power plant to curb the excessive emission of carbon dioxide. In this study, bio-briquette having 50% coal and 50% biomass which consisted of the ingredients of optimum biomass fuel briquette were studied in details. Comparison of the fuel properties, combustion characteristics and carbon dioxide emission between the optimum biomass fuel briquette and bio-briquette was made.

scholarly journals Effect of Greenhouse Gas Emission on Solar PV Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3642-3647
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Gas Emission

Renewable energy is a cleanest and reliable energy sector to the changing climate condition. This changing world needs a quick combination of renewable energy in the energy matrix of each region in such a climate, and it is a sustainable solution. So this study gives a brief idea of how solar photovoltaic (PV) technology performs with changing climatic condition. This system is reliable technology integration in the energy market of India and its statuses among all other renewable sources. To improve energy security and decrease the carbon dioxide emission in an atmosphere, renewable energy technologies have raised a rapid deployment over the past few years. Most of the countries are now changing the ways for economic growth through the development of the renewable energy sector. It is better to Investment in growth of the renewable energy sector because to increase income, to create the job, contribute to industrials development and improve trade balance it is necessary to generate more renewable energy source. The growth in population is directly proportional to energy demand, and again it is directly proportional to energy production due to which the more in carbon dioxide emission. In increasing demand for energy, it is indispensable to produce a renewable energy source, especially in India. Because nowadays solar PV is an excellent source of energy production .so here some study has done about the performance of solar PV on greenhouse gas emission.

scholarly journals FUEL SUBSIDY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Folorunso Sunday Ayadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of energy subsidy, energy consumption, urbanization, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gases in Nigeria. Based on the method of cointegration and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), the study utilized data from 1970 to 2018 for the analysis. The study found fossil fuel consumption, economic growth, trade openness and PMS Price (a proxy for subsidy) as significantly increasing emission (Carbon dioxide) in Nigeria. The implication is that as that as the prices of PMS goes up (due to subsidy reduction), more of fuel is consumed. Our analysis demonstrated that PMS is price inelastic in Nigeria. In addition, subsidy or its removal will have no impact on carbon dioxide emission and other greenhouse gas emission in Nigeria. The study recommends the development of cleaner, renewable fuels and the development of abatement technology so as to mitigate the environmental impacts of growth. In addition, since the reduction in subsidy has no deterrent impact on fossil fuel consumption in Nigeria, then the recent removal of fossil fuel subsidy in Nigeria is a welcome development at least for the environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emission From Aircrafts and Ground Service Equipment at Tribhuvan International Airport of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Ramesh Acharya ◽  
Nawaraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Reduction Measure ◽  
Co Reduction ◽  
Co Emission

This paper highlights the trend of carbon dioxide emission and its reduction measure at Tribhuvan International Airport, which is the only international airport of Nepal. The landing and take-off (LTO) cycle of three-year (2016 to 2018) data were gathered from Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) for all types of aircrafts and fuel consumption data of each ground service equipment (GSE) were collected from Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC).  With the help of LTO emission factors published by different institutions and collected data, the emission was calculated and overall (international, domestic, helicopters and GSE) CO₂ emission in the year 2016, 2017 and 2018 was found to be 56.55, 65.66 and 71.89 Kilotonnes respectively. Upon validation of calculated emission the discrepancy of 2.59% was found. The CO₂ emission was forecasted up-to 2030 considering two scenarios namely, time series analysis and regression analysis. Lastly, for the CO₂ reduction from GSE the scenario; Electrical GSE and Construction of Aerobridge was studied and from which it was found that the CO₂ will be reduced by 80% if implemented.

scholarly journals Time-Based Trend of Carbon Emissions in the Composting Process of Swine Manure in the Context of Agriculture 4.0

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composting Facility ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This study aims to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane, which account for the largest percentage of carbon emissions, to temporally estimate the carbon emitted during the pig-manure composting process. The research subject was a farmhouse raising 3000 growing pigs and 100 mother pigs. The capacity of the composting facility for pig manure treatment was 330 m2, and the daily treatment was about 6 tons. After the pig manure discharged from the pig farm was delivered to the composting facility, for the 8 days including 6 before mixing and 2 after mixing, the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 were measured. The result shows that the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the composting facility were 1208 ± 385 ppm and 95 ± 10 ppm, respectively. In the comparison of concentrations before and after mixing at the composting facility, the values of both CO2 and CH4 increased, and the temperature increased as well. The concentration of CO2 and CH4 increased to 499 ± 103 ppm and 3 ± 11 ppm, respectively, and the temperature rose by 3.7 ± 1.0 °C and 1.6 ± 2.4 °C, respectively. In the correlation analysis (r = 0, p < 0.05), the carbon dioxide emission in the composting process was 15.564 ± 3.671 tons C/year, whereas carbon emission was 1.379 ± 0.147 tons C/year. The concentrations of CO2 and methane, which are the current major atmospheric pollution sources, were respectively analyzed during the pig-manure composting process in this study to understand their effects. Thus, this paper attempts to elucidate the carbon cycle by measuring and analyzing the carbon data obtained from livestock excretions to secure a supply chain based on the intelligent use of the data.

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